Analysis of heavy metals of muscle and intestine tissue in fish - in Banan section of Chongqing from Three Gorges Reservoir, China

The present study was carried out to investigate contamination of heavy metals in 19 fish species from the Banan section of Chongqing in the Three Gorges, Yangtze River. The results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals were higher in intestine than muscle, except zinc in upper strata. In the fish inhabiting the upper strata, there were significant differences between mean concentrations of As, Cr, Cu and Hg in muscle and intestine (P <0.05). There were also significant differences between mean concentrations of Cr and Cu in muscle and intestine in the fish inhabiting middle strata. However, significant differences between mean concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn were measured in fish inhabiting bottom strata in both intestine and muscle tissues (P <0.05). For the fish inhabiting different strata, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Ph in muscle and intestine of the fish from bottom strata (BS) were higher than those in both upper strata (US) and middle strata (MS); whereas a higher concentration of Zn was measured in muscle and intestine from fish inhabiting upper strata. Mean metal concentrations were found to be higher in age 11 than those in age I in Coreius heterodon (2- and 1-year odl fish respectively). The overall results indicated that fish muscle in the Banan section were slightly contaminated by heavy metals, but did not exceed Chinese food standards.

Water solubility enhancement of phthalates by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and beta-cyclodextrin

Water solubility enhancements of six phthalates (five aliphatic phthalates and one phenyl phthalate) by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) were studied at 25 degreesC. The solubilities of these plithalates are remarkably enhanced by CTAB solutions above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Only marginal enhancement of phthalate solubility was observed in solutions containing CTAB below its cmc and beta-CD at low concentrations (less than 5 mM). The solubility enhancements of the plithalates are proportional to the added amount of CTAB and beta-CD. Partition coefficients of the plithalates between monomeric CTAB surfactant and water (K-MN) and between CTAB micelle and water K-MC) were estimated from the experimental data. The mechanisms of solubility enhancements by CTAB and beta-CD were discussed. A log-linear equation was proposed and evaluated for the solubilization by CTAB below cmc, while the previously proposed linear partitioning model was questioned. The structures of the complexes formed between plithalates and beta-CD were proposed, and the formation constants were estimated. The values of log K-MC, log K-MN, and log Kbeta-CD of the plithalates were found to correlate linearly with the log K-OW of plithalates, with the exception of the solid phenyl phthalate.

Electronic structure of self-assembled InAs quantum discs in a magnetic field with varying orientation and two-electron quantum-disc qubits

We have studied the electronic structure of vertically assembled quantum discs in a magnetic field with varying orientation using the effective mass approximation. We calculate the four energy levels of single-electron quantum discs and the two lowest energy levels of two-electron quantum discs in a magnetic field with varying orientation. The change of the magnetic field as an effective potential strongly modifies the electronic structure, leading to splittings of the levels and anticrossings between the levels. The calculated results also demonstrate the switching between the ground states with the total spin S = 0 and 1. The switching induces a qubit controlled by varying the orientation of the magnetic field.

中药处方配伍监控系统的设计与实现

医院信息系统(hospital information system,HIS)作为医院信息化建设的重要组成部分越来越受到社会的重视,已经进入一个高速发展的阶段。但是作为诊疗过程的一个重要组成部分-药物处方治疗,在HIS中却缺少必要的监控与指导。在HIS标准化推进的同时,更应该对其深度和广度进行研究,结合软件工程的设计思想,基于面向对象的开发方法,设计开发了“中药处方配伍”监控系统,提供了临床用药指导功能,使其作为HIS的一个子系统能够实时的对医生处方进行监控,使临床医药人员记得更多、更准、更细,以降低药源性疾病,提高用药质量,加强用药管理,避免医疗纠纷。

Petri网可达性的综合判定法

Petri网标识的可达性判定问题是进行Petri网分析的基础,而传统的判定方法并不能确保所得结果的可靠性.在揭示Petri网可达性问题的实质之后,讨论了在标识图的同一连通域内标识可达性的判定问题,进而在分析相关原理的基础上提出了一种有效判定Petri网标识可达性的综合判定法.此判定方法综合多种传统判定方法的优点,结合Gr鯾ner基理论,确保了对Petri网标识可达性进行判定所得结果的可靠性.

处理二维定常流中交界面的座标分裂解法

本文通过建立座标分裂的概念，成功地解决了二维非定常流中交界面的问题，该方法同时具有简单、精度高和计算速度快等优点。本文给出了气波增压器转子内部流场的计算结果、并和现有的其它计算结果作了比较。

闪耀光栅外腔反馈压窄半导体激光器线宽技术的研究

在讨论半导体激光线宽压窄理论的基础上,利用闪耀光栅作为外部反馈元件,介绍了由中心波长为949.6nm、原始线宽为1.2THz的单管半导体激光器构成的反馈外腔,它能够很好的改善半导体激光器的性能.实验得到了中心波长稳定的、单纵模的高质量激光输出,边模抑制比大于30dB,线宽优于1.2MHz (Δλ＜3.6×10~(-6)nm).实验证实了强反馈能够很好地改善外腔半导体激光器的动态特性.

用于半导体探测器研制的数字影像显微系统

光学显微检测在半导体探测器研制的多个环节具有重要意义。利用较低价单元、部件组装了一套数字影像光学显微系统,性能与国外中档产品相当,性价比卓越。该系统拥有微机控制的高清晰数字摄影装置,配置大屏幕监视器,搭载高倍干系物镜,分辨率达到0.2μm,可以进行明暗场、偏光、干涉观测。它可以方便的用于缺陷、沾污控制,图形检测,表面光洁度检验,材料鉴定等方面,还可用于测试、封装、修理等精细操作。通过观察焊点的表面形貌,钎料合金的显微结构,可以鉴定焊点质量。如果结合多光束干涉技术可用于表面起伏的精细测量。论文叙述了该系统在半导体探测器研制上的应用,详述了其建造细节。

兰州储存环上小丸内靶的速度分析

小丸内靶是在兰州储存环主环上进行强子物理实验的主要候选内靶之一.小丸速度是该内靶的一个重要物理参数.大的靶丸速度可以缩短单个靶丸与束流的接触时间,从而使靶丸有较小的温度变化和质量损失,保证内靶系统工作稳定.从流体力学方面对小丸内靶的速度进行了分析,优化了影响小丸靶速度的各种实验条件,并指出靶丸的速度上限在100m/s左右.

二维形变谐振子系统中的量子经典对应

通过引入等效普朗克常数 ,将量子系统中基本动力学变量的期望值和经典系统中基本动力学变量的精确值的时间演化行为相比较 ,分析了两者产生差异的因素 ,规则运动主要是和量子效应有关 ,而混沌运动则是和动力学效应有关 ,即与系统的动力学对称性破坏相联系 .在此基础上 ,比较了量子相空间测不准度和李雅谱诺夫指数 ,给出了令人满意的说明

Calibration of an audio-frequency ion trap mass spectrometer

A method for calibration of an audio-frequency (AF) ion trap mass spectrometer is described. The method is proposed to surmount the obstacle that there is a lack of a proper calibrant for mass spectrometers in the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range of 10(6) to 10(10). To calibrate such mass spectra, we determine the point of ejection, q(eject), on the stability diagram of the ion trap operated in a mass-selective axial instability mode. This is accomplished by measuring the radial secular frequencies (and therefore, the m/z value) of a single trapped particle using a light scattering method, followed by monitoring the action of particle ejection in real time to obtain the q(eject). A delayed ejection with q(eject) = 0.949 +/- 0.004 is found at a trap driving frequency of Ohm/2pi = 200-600Hz. Theoretical analysis for the origin of the delayed ejection indicates that the delay is predominantly resulted from the existence of multipole components in the fields due to trap imperfections. Inclusion of -3% of the octopole with respect to the basic quadrupole field can satisfactorily account for our observations. An m/z accuracy approaching 0.1% is attainable after proper calibration of the AF ion trap mass spectrometer. (Int J Mass Spectrom 214 (2002) 63-73) (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.