利用水生植物清除水体中放射性物质的研究 (Ⅲ)水生植物对Sr~(90)、Y~(91)、Cs~(137)、Ce~(144)的积累、释放及Ca对Sr~(90)吸收的影响

5种水生植物对所用4种放射性同位素都有一定的清除能力,其清除能力的大小不仅取决于生物的种类,而且还取决于生物本身代谢率的高低。试验结果:去污率高的可达80%,积累系数最高可达1,500;水体中含Ca量的多少对生物吸收积累放射性物质的多少有一定的影响;生物在积累放射性物质之后,转移到无放射性物质的水体中将释放出原积累的一部分放射性物质。

利用水生植物清除水体中放射性物质的研究(Ⅰ)——水生植物对Sr~(90)的吸收积累和清除能力

<正> 原子能和平利用事业的广泛开展,水体中容易受到放射性物貭的沾染,尤其是核武器的試驗,使水体中的放射性本底逐漸增高。如何清除水体中放射性物貭沾染,是一个必需解决的重要問题。水生植物对放射性物貭具有吸收和积累的能力,在許多文献中已有报导。为了利用水生植物的这个特性来清除水体中放射性沾染,我們对九种水生植物进行了試驗。

Growing 20 cm Long DWNTs/TWNTs at a Rapid Growth Rate of 80-90 mu m/s

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INFLUENCE OF THE 90-DEGREES PARTIAL DISLOCATION CORE STRUCTURE IN SILICON ON ENERGY-LEVELS

An LCAO-scheme taking into account 10 atomic orbitals (s-, p-, and d-type) is used to calculate the electronic structure of the reconstructed 90-degrees partial dislocation in Si. Two different valence force fields producing deviating results are used for modelling the core structure. Geometrical data published by another group is also used. The aim is to explore the influence of geometry on energy levels. We find that the band structure depends sensitively on bond angles. Using data determined by the Tersoff potential we obtain two bands of which the upper one penetrates deeply into the indirect band gap while the geometry minimizing the simple Keating potential leaves the gap completely clear of dislocation states. Thus, from a theoretical point of view, the chief difficulty in calculating the electronic structure of the reconstructed 90-degrees partial is the lack of accurate structural information.

ENERGY-LEVEL CALCULATIONS OF THE RECONSTRUCTED 90-DEGREES PARTIAL DISLOCATION IN SILICON

An LCAO scheme taking into account 10 atomic orbitals (s-, p-, and d-type) applied to a supercell containing 256 atoms is used to calculate the bound states of the reconstructed 90-degrees partial dislocation in Si. The results differ significantly from our earlier calculations on the unreconstructed 90-degrees partial using the same method. We find two bands separate from each other in the entire Brillouin zone and the upper band penetrates deep into the indirect band gap which is in contradiction with the general opinion that core reconstruction clears the band gap of dislocation states.

ELECTRON-STATES OF A VACANCY IN THE CORE OF THE 90-DEGREES PARTIAL DISLOCATION IN SILICON

An LCAO scheme (linear combination of atomic orbitals) taking into account ten atomic orbitals (s-, p-, and d-type) is used to calculate the electronic structure of a vacancy present in the core of the reconstructed 90 degrees partial dislocation in silicon. The levels in the band gap are extracted using Lanczos' algorithm and a continued fraction representation of the local density of states. The three-fold degenerate stale of the ideal vacancy is split into three levels with energies 0.26, 1.1, and 1.9 eV measured from the valence band edge.

奇奇核~(90)Nb的高自旋态研究

用能量为80MeV的19F束通过反应76Ge(19F,5n)90Nb布居了90Nb的高自旋态.通过在束γ测量分析90Nb退激γ射线的符合级联关系,发现了19条新的属于90Nb的γ跃迁,建立了90Nb的高自旋态能级纲图.通过经验壳模型计算指定了部分能级的组态,并结合实验DCO比值和与相邻N=49核素的系统比较,确认了新能级的自旋和宇称.

20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化时空特征及其成因分析

在土地利用变化时空信息平台的支持下,本文对我国20世纪80年代末到90年代末的土地利用变化过程进行了全面分析,揭示了我国10年来土地利用变化的时空规律,分析了这些规律形成的主要政策、经济和自然成因。研究表明,20世纪90年代,全国耕地总面积呈北增南减、总量增加的趋势,增量主要来自对北方草地和林地的开垦。林业用地面积呈现总体减少的趋势,减少的林地主要分布于传统林区,南方水热充沛区造林效果明显。中国城乡建设用地整体上表现为持续扩张的态势。90年代后5年总体增速减缓,西部增速加快。20世纪90年代我国的土地利用变化表现出明显的时空差异,政策调控和经济驱动是导致土地利用变化及其时空差异的主要原因。据此,本文提出在今后的全国土地利用规划中,应充分考虑我国现代土地利用变化的区域分异规律。同时,在生态环境恢复与建设规划中也应强调自然地理地带的针对性,同时要改变传统的资源规划与管理思路,在基础设施日益完备的条件下,最大程度地发挥跨区域土地资源优化配置的综合优势