DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ与ⅠA的进化分析

DNA拓扑异构酶与断开DNA链和改变其拓扑结构有关。先前的研究认为,拓扑异构酶TypeⅡB是由TypeⅡA通过基因的复制、重组和缺失所造成。然而,本研究结果则显示,TypeⅠA与TypeⅡB的进化关系较近,而TypeⅡA与TypeⅡB的关系较远。因此,TypeⅡB可能是由TypeⅠA演化而来,或者说,TypeⅡB是TypeⅠA在古细菌中的特化形式;TypeⅡB可能是由TypeⅡA通过形成TypeⅠA后演化而成的,而不是由TypeⅡA直接通过基因的复制、重组和缺失所造成。在由TypeⅡA演化成为TypeⅠA,最后演化为TypeⅡB的过程中,DNA拓扑异构酶的催化机制也发生了变化从需要金属离子的协助,演化到了不需要镁离子的存在协助其催化。

从基于结构定义的序列模体识别蛋白质的超家族

以进化上相距较远的蛋白质酷氨酸磷酸酶I和II为例，通过结构比较和基于结构的序列比对及共同保守区域残基替换模式的分析，定义了基于结构的序列模体。利用这种新的模体对SWISS-PROT和TrEMBL蛋白质序列库进行搜索，可特异性地同时识别磷酸酶I和II，其识别正确率可达98.4%。而在此之前，尚未见可同时识别磷酸酶I和II序列模体的报道。

绵羊大肠阻塞病理模型血浆及组织中内皮素-1含量的变化

选择绵羊建立反刍动物大肠阻塞病理模型,对手术前、后静脉血浆及死亡后心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰脏和肠组织中内皮素-1(ET-1)含量进行测定,探讨了该模型血浆及组织中ET-1含量的变化和临床意义。结果表明:模型组和对照组手术前血浆ET-1含量分别为(57.81±2.95)ng/L和(62.72±3.17)ng/L,手术后含量分别为(41.87±8.06)ng/L和(60.74±4.68)ng/L,模型组术后ET--1含量明显下降(P<0.05);每30min间隔采血,模型组术前、术后第2天和第4天ET--1含量依次降低,差异极显著(P<0.01);模型组心、肺、肾组织中的ET-1含量分别为(273.28±53.7)、(270.65±98.6)、(249.32±20.8)ng/L,分别比对照组心脏(105.73±32.2)ng/L、肺脏((34.34±6.73)ng/L、肾脏(50.43±12.89)ng/L明显升高(P<0.01)。这些变化可能与肠阻塞的发生、发展有密切关系。

黑藻对水体和沉积物理化性质的改善和营养元素的去除作用

通过人工模拟实验,研究了不同种植密度(50、100和150株/m2)的黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)对富营养湖泊水体和沉积物理化性质的改善和营养元素的去除作用。结果表明:种植黑藻能显著提高水体溶解氧(DO)和沉积物的氧化还原电位(Eh),DO由3.95mg/L提高到10.42mg/L;沉积物Eh提高了58.6—109.4mV。黑藻的生长有效地降低了水体和沉积物中的氮、磷含量,水体中TP降低了38.9%—57.1%;NH4+-N的含量降低了90.2%;沉积物中TN的含量比试验前中期降低了

淡水噬藻体及其他溶藻因子的分布与感染力

研究了不同时空条件下噬藻体的分布与效力的变化.2001年8~11月共采集了18个水样,对14种藻进行直接感染,从其中的5个水样中分离到了噬藻体(蓝藻病毒),它们主要来源于降温以前富营养化池塘的水样,同时分离得到了4株溶藻细菌.在接受直接感染的14种藻中,聚球藻、组囊藻、微囊藻、织线藻、鱼腥藻7120、衣藻及小球藻为敏感种类,而螺旋藻、念珠藻、鞘丝藻、颤藻、鱼腥藻595、鱼腥藻1444、栅藻则为不敏感种类,敏感种类中织线藻受到噬藻体的感染,聚球藻、微囊藻和织线藻受到溶藻细菌的溶解.从富营养化的池塘采集的水样

尼卡地平血药浓度测定及其人体药代动力学

目的　建立人血浆中尼卡地平 (Nic)浓度测定的毛细管柱气相色谱法 ,并以此法研究健康受试者 poNic缓释胶囊后的药代动力学。方法　样品经甲苯提取 ,过无水硫酸钠小柱后 ,用HP 12 5m× 0 32mmID毛细管柱分离 ,采用无分流进样方式 ,以巴尼地平作为内标 ,63 Ni电子捕获检测器检测。结果　该法在 0 5～ 10 0ng·mL-1浓度范围内呈线性关系 ,最低定量浓度为 0 5ng·mL-1,日内、日间RSD分别小于 4%和 7% ,低、中、高浓度 (0 5 ,10 ,5 0ng·mL-1)

Temperature-Dependent Growth and Life Cycle of Nemoura sichuanensis (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) in a Chinese Mountain Stream

Plecoptera constitute a numerically and ecologically significant component in mountain streams all over the world, but little is known of their life cycles in Asia. The life cycle of Nemoura sichuanensis and its relationship to water temperature was investigated during a 4-year study in a headwater stream (known as the Jiuchong torrent) of the Xiangxi River in Central China. Size structure histograms suggest that the life cycle was univoltine, and the relationships between the growth of Nemoura sichuanensis, physiological time, and effective accumulated water temperature were described using logistic regressions. The growth pattern was generally similar within year classes but growth rates did vary between year-classes. Our field data suggest a critical thermal threshold for emergence in Nemoura sichuanensis, that was close to 9 degrees C. The total number of physiological days required for completing larval development was 250 days. The effective accumulated water temperature was 2500 degree-days in the field. Development during the life cycle increased somewhat linearly with the physiological time and the effective accumulated water temperature, but some non-linear relationships were best developed by logistic equations.

The first study on the effects of microcystin-RR on gene expression profiles of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein-70 in Synechocystis sp PCC6803

Microcystins are heptapeptide toxins produced by cyanobacteria. Microcystin-RR(MC-RR) is a common variant among the 80 variants identified so far. There have been many investigations documenting the toxic effects of microcystins on animals and higher plants, but little is known on the toxic effects of microcystins on algae, especially at molecular level. We studied the effects of MC-RR on gene expression profile of a few antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70) in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. After two days post-exposure, a high dose toxin (5 mg/l, about 4.8 x 10(-3) mM) significantly increased expression levels of the genes gpx1, sodB, katG, acnB, gamma-TMTand dnaK2, while a relatively low dose toxin (1 mg/l, about 9.63 x 10(-4) mM) induced a moderate and slow increase of gene expression. Our results indicate that MC-RR could induce the oxidative stress in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and the increase in gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and Hsp70 might protect the organism from the oxidative damage. in addition, cell aggregation was observed during the early period of exposure, which might be a specific oxidative stress reaction to MC-RR. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Two unisexual artificial polyploid clones constructed by genome addition of common carp (Cyprinus carp) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

A polyploid hybrid fish with natural gynogenesis can prevent segregation and maintain their hybrid vigor in their progenies. Supposing the reproduction mode of induced polyploid fish being natural gynogenesis, allopolyploid hybrid between common carp and crucian carp into allopolyploid was performed. The purpose of this paper is to describe a lineage from sexual diploid carp transforming into allotriploid and allotetraploid unisexual clones by genome addition. The diploid hybrid between common carp and crucian carp reproduces an unreduced nucleus consisting of two parental genomes. This unreduced female pronucleus will fuse with male pronucleus and form allotriploid zygote after penetration of related species sperms. Allotriploid embryos grow normally, and part of female allotriploid can produce unreduced mature ova with three genomes. Mature ova of most allotriploid females are provided with natural gynogenetic trait and their nuclei do not fuse with any entrance sperm. All female offspring are produced by gynogenesis of allotriploid egg under activation of penetrating sperms. These offspring maintain morphological traits of their allotriploid maternal and form an allotetraploid unisexual clone by gynogenetic reproduction mode. However, female nuclei of rare allotriploid female can fuse with penetrating male pronuclei and result in the appearance of allotetraploid individuals by means of genome addition. All allotetraploid females can reproduce unreduced mature eggs containing four genomes. Therefore, mature eggs of allotetraploid maintain gynogenetic trait and allotetraploid unisexual clone is produced under activation of related species sperms.

Raman scattering and photoluminescence studies of Er-implanted and Er+ O coimplanted GaN

Raman measurements and photoluminescence (PL) were performed on the metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition epitaxially grown GaN before and after the implantation with Er and Er+O. Several Raman defect modes have emerged from the implantation-damaged samples. The structures around 300 and 595 cm(-1) modes are attributed to the disorder-activated Raman scattering, whereas the 670 cm(-1) peak is assigned to nitrogen-vacancy-related defect scattering. One additional peak at 360 cm(-1) arises after Er+O coimplantation. This Raman peak is attributed to the O-implantation-induced defect complex. The appearance of the 360 cm(-1) mode results in the decrease of the Er3+ -related infrared PL intensity for the GaN:Er+O samples. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

Metal film effect on performance of very-small-aperture lasers

Special characteristics of very-small-aperture lasers are observed, including threshold current change, red shift of the spectral position, and short lifetime at low drive current. Physical mechanisms that underlie these special characteristics are analyzed: we find that optical feedback caused by a metal film and heat accumulation inside the laser diode lead to the special characteristics of VSALs, such as threshold current change, red shift of the spectral position, and short lifetime at low drive current, etc. Theoretical simulation is in good agreement with the experimental results.

Polarization insensitive gain medium with hybrid strained quantum well

A polarization insensitive gain medium for optical amplifiers has been fabricated. The active layer is a structure with alternate tensile and compressive strain quantum wells. The waveguide is made into a taper with angled facets. In the experiment we found that the structure can suppress the lasing and decrease the polarization sensitivity. The gain imbalance between transverse electric and transverse magnetic gains is small, and 0.1 dB is obtained at a driving current of 100 mA. The full-width at half-maximum of amplified spontaneous emission is 40 nm within large current. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

基于上下文图模型文本表示的文本分类研究

传统的基于“词袋”的文本表示方法假定词的权重只和它本身的出现频率有关，而忽略上下文信息。 本文提出了一种基于上下文的图模型文本表示方法，使用一种类似PageRank的图模型来建立词和词之间的相 互推荐关系，该方法克服了传统文本表示认为词和词之间相互独立，忽略词的上下文环境的缺陷。在复邑中文 文本分类和20newsgroup英文文本分类的语料库上的实验表明，我们的方法可以有效地提升文本分类的性能。