烧蚀产物对空气辐射影响的实验研究

本文利用低密度激波管和辐射计,在不同的温度和密度状态下,就杂质辐射在分谱和累积辐射条件下对高温空气平衡辐射的影响进行的实验研究;给出了在不同条件下的实验结果,并做了简单分析。实验结果表明:少量杂质对高温空气平衡辐射的影响较大,这为计算尾流辐射场时,考虑杂质辐射的影响提供了实验依据。

有序熔楔和转捩

本文研究烧蚀表面上的一种尖楔状沟槽,简称熔楔。实验表明,熔楔是边界层转捩区的一种烧蚀现象;在蜂蜡和一些高温材料的球头上,熔楔排列有序,形成规则图象。在所实验的参数范围内,熔楔的条数保持在20条左右,不随来流马赫数、球头半径和烧蚀材料类型不同而改变。在分析研究熔楔内部结构和外流条件的基础上,本文提出熔楔形成机理和内外流动模型的设想,并对熔楔的形态、分布以及由它引导出菱形花纹等现象作了解释。

盘状星系的三维基态

本文从流体动力学模型出发,引用星盘曲线坐标系,求解了有限厚度盘状星系的三维基态,在薄盘条件(ε<1)下,求得了零级近似、一级近似的解析解,过程十分简明。在附录中,给出了一般的非对称的泊松方程解式。

炮风洞喷管开放后的自由活塞压缩过程

本文考虑炮风洞喷管开放后的自由活塞压缩过程,建立了活塞运动方程和喷管流动方程,并采用有限差分法和电子计算机进行了计算.根据计算结果,讨论了在各种初始条件下,喷管开放后活塞的过冲、反跳、摆动及平衡运行和峰压等有关问题.并把这些结果与传统的以闭喷管为基础的平衡活塞运行技术及一些实验结果进行了比较,对有关炮风洞的调试工作提出了一些有意义的参考数据.

气动激光器的非平衡流计算

本文对CO_2-N_2-H_2O激光体系提出了三振型四温度的振动弛豫模型,并给出了较严格的弛豫方程组.对准一维非平衡流计算中有关的一系列问题作了分析,并用自己整理的弛豫速率数据进行了大量的数值计算.我们的计算结果消除了其他作者的计算与实验不能很好相符的现象.加大膨胀面积比,可有效地改进器件性能,适当地减小喉道高度,对性能也有所改进.对于燃烧型气动激光器,滞止温度有一个最佳值,在1400—1600°K范围内.与Anderson的论证相异,我们的计算结果表明,在高滞止温度、大面积比的喷管流中,水的最佳含量仍在1％附近,器件性能随水含量的增加而迅速变坏.研究了各段喷管型线对器件性能的影响.初步讨论了弛豫模型、方程和数据对计算的影响,表明它们对结果影响颇大.

短时高温材料拉伸试验设备

高速飞机及飞航导弹在飞行过程中受到气动力的快速加热和快速加载.为了最充分地利用结构材料强度进行合理设计,必须研究金属结构材料在快速加载、快速加热下的力学性能.本文叙述了一种短时高温拉伸试验设备;这设备能以小于85 kg/s的速率对试件进行恒速加载,以小于80℃/s的速率进行快速升温;试件50mm标距内温度梯度小于5℃;整个加热控温过程和应力应变测量记录过程均系自动进行.在此设备上可进行高温快速拉伸和短时蠕变等实验,并已进行了低碳钢,等材料的短时拉伸、短时蠕变、恒裁等加热率的实验.文内列有图表,并对结果进行了初步讨论.

Molecular dynamics studies on the dislocation gliding near a tilt boundary

The gliding behavior of edge dislocation near a grain boundary(QB) in copper under pure shear stresses is simulated by using molecular dynamics(MD) method. Many-body potential incorporating the embedded atom method (EAM) is used. The critical shear stresses for a single disocation to pass across GB surface are obtained at values of sigma(c)=23MPa similar to 68 MPa and 137 MPa similar to 274 MPa for Sigma=165 small angle tilt GB at 300 K and 20 K, respectively. The first result agrees with the experimental yield stress sigma(y)(=42 MPa) quite well. It suggests that there might be one of the reasons of initial plastic yielding caused by single dislocation gliding across GB. In addition, there might be possibility to obtain yield strength from microscopic analysis. Moreover, the experimental value of sigma(y) at low temperature is generally higher than that at room temperature. So, these results are in conformity qualitatively with experimental fact. On the other hand, the Sigma=25 GB is too strong an obstacle to the dislocation. In this case, a dislocation is able to pass across GB under relatively low stress only when it is driven by other dislocations. This is taken to mean that dislocation pile-up must be built up in front of this kind of GB, if this GB may take effect on the process of plastic deformation.

Free surface vibration in oscillatory convection of half floating zone

Projecting an orthographical grating mask (20pl/mm) on the surface of a small liquid bridge and receiving the reflected distortion image, one can calculate out reversely the shape of free surface of a liquid bridge. In this way we measured the surface shape of a small floating zone and the two-dimensional deformation of its vibration. The mechanism of thermocapillary oscillatory convection and the three-dimensional variation of the free surface are revealed experimentally. The principle for space experiment has been studied in our laboratory.

利用迹线测量晶体材料中特征面取向的EBSD方法

本工作研究了从单一投影面测量块体晶体材料内部特征面的EBSD方法。首先对样品表面进行SEM观察并采集图像,利用图像分析软件测量各迹线在样品台坐标系的取向。然后进行EBSD扫描获得迹线两侧各晶粒对应的取向,进一步利用坐标变换关系计算出晶粒内部的特征面迹线在晶格坐标中的方向指数。最后将全部测量的迹线的极点标示到反极图中,并与各低指数晶面的大圆位置进行对比,重合度最高的晶面就是特征面最可能的晶体学取向面。

EQUIVALENT MODEL OF EXPANSION OF CEMENT MORTAR UNDER SULPHATE EROSION

The expansion property of cement mortar under the attack of sulfate ions is studied by experimental and theoretical methods. First, cement mortars are fabricated with the ratio of water to cement of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. Secondly, the expansion of specimen immerged in sulphate solution is measured at different times. Thirdly, a theoretical model of expansion of cement mortar under sulphate erosion is suggested by virtue of represent volume element method. In this model, the damage evolution due to the interaction between delayed ettringite and cement mortar is taken into account. Finally, the numerical calculation is performed. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the model perfectly describes the expansion of the cement mortar.

燃烧物理学基础

Deformation Of Pdms Membrane And Microcantilever By A Water Droplet: Comparison Between Mooney-Rivlin And Linear Elastic Constitutive Models

In this paper, we studied the role of vertical component Of Surface tension of a water droplet on the deformation of membranes and microcantilevers (MCLs) widely used in lab-on-a-chip and micro-and nano-electromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS). Firstly, a membrane made of a rubber-like material, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), was considered. The deformation was investigated using the Mooney-Rivlin (MR) model and the linear elastic constitutive relation, respectively. By comparison between the numerical solutions with two different models, we found that the simple linear elastic model is accurate enough to describe such kind of problem, which would be quite convenient for engineering applications. Furthermore, based on small-deflection beam theory, the effect of a liquid droplet on the deflection of a MCL was also studied. The free-end deflection of the MCL was investigated by considering different cases like a cylindrical droplet, a spherical droplet centered on the MCL and a spherical droplet arbitrarily positioned on the MCL. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the deflection might not be neglected, and showed good agreement with our theoretical analyses. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Prediction of Effective Moduli of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composites with Waviness and Debonding

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been regarded as ideal reinforcements of high-performance composites with enormous applications. However, the waviness of the CNTs and the interfacial bonding condition between them and the matrix are two key factors that influence the reinforcing efficiency. In this paper, the effects of the waviness of the CNTs and the interfacial debonding between them and the matrix on the effective moduli of CNT-reinforced composites are studied. A simple analytical model is presented to investigate the influence of the waviness on the effective moduli. Then, two methods are proposed to examine the influence of the debonding. It is shown that both the waviness and debonding can significantly reduce the stiffening effect of the CNTs. The effective moduli are very sensitive to the waviness when the latter is small, and this sensitivity decreases with the increase of the waviness. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

High efficiency four-wave mixing induced by double-dark resonances in a five-level tripod system

A five-level tripod scheme is proposed for obtaining a high efficiency four-wave-mixing (FWM) process. The existence of double-dark resonances leads to a strong modification of the absorption and dispersion properties against a pump wave at two transparency windows. We show that both of them can be used to open the four-wave mixing channel and produce efficient mixing waves. In particular, higher FWM efficiency is always produced at the transparent window corresponding to the relatively weak-coupling field. By manipulating the intensity of the two coupling fields, the conversion efficiency of FWM can be controlled.