Whole-body amino acid pattern of F-4 human growth hormone gene-transgenic red common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed diets with different protein levels

F-4 generation of human growth hormone (hGH) gene-transgenic red common carp, and the non-transgenic controls were fed for 8 weeks on purified diets with 20%, 30% or 40% protein. Analysis of whole-body amino acids showed that the proportions of lysine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine and alanine, as percentages of body protein, increased significantly, while those of arginine, glutamic acid and tyrosine decreased, with increases in dietary protein level in at least one strain of fish. Proportions of the other amino acids were unaffected by the diets. The proportions of lysine and arginine were significantly higher, while those of leucine and alanine were lower in the transgenics than in the controls in at least one diet group. Proportions of the other amino acids were unaffected by strain. The results suggest that the whole-body amino acid profile of transgenic carp, when expressed as proportions of body protein, was in general, similar to that of the non-transgenic controls. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The role of Sb in the molecular beam epitaxy growth of 1.30-1.55 mu m wavelength GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well with high indium content

Sb-assisted GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) with high (42.5%) indium content were investigated systematically. Transmission electron microscopy, reflection high-energy electron diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal that Sb acts as a surfactant to suppress three-dimensional growth. The improvement in the 1.55 mu m range is much more apparent than that in the 1.3 mu m range.. which can be attributed to the difference in N composition. The PL intensity and the full-width at half maximum of the 1.55 mu m single-QW were comparable with that of the 1.3 Am QWs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analysis of the interfaces of [NiFe/Mo](30) and [Fe/Mo](30) multilayers

The interface states of [NiFe/Mo](30) and [Fe/Mo](30) multilayers have been investigated by x-ray small angle reflection and diffuse scattering. Significant interface roughness correlation was observed in both ultrathin [NiFe/Mo](30) and [Fe/Mo](30) multilayers. An uncorrelated roughness of about 27-3.1 Angstrom was revealed in the [NiPe/Mo](30) multilayers, which is explained as originating from a transition layer between the NiFe and the Mo layers. By the technique of diffuse scattering, it is clearly indicated that the interfacial roughness of NiFe/Mo is much smaller than that of Fe/Mo although the lattice mismatch is the same in both multilayers.

The influence of thickness on properties of GaN buffer layer and heavily Si-doped GaN grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy

The physical properties of low-temperature-deposited GaN buffer layers with different thicknesses grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy have been studied. A tentative model for the optimum thickness of buffer layer has been proposed. Heavily Si-doped GaN layers have been grown using silane as the dopant. The electron concentration of Si-doped GaN reached 1.7 x 10(20) cm(-3) with mobility 30 cm(2)/V s at room temperature. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Study on the hydrolysis/precipitation behavior of Keggin Al-13 and Al-30 polymers in polyaluminum solutions

The hydrolysis/precipitation behaviors of Al3+, Al-13 and Al-30 under conditions typical for flocculation in water treatment were investigated by studying the particulates' size development, charge characteristics, chemical species and speciation transformation of coagulant hydrolysis precipitates. The optimal pH conditions for hydrolysis precipitates formation for AlCl3, PAC(A113) and PAC(A130) were 6.5-7.5, 8.5-9.5, and 7.5-9.5, respectively. The precipitates' formation rate increased with the increase in dosage, and the relative rates were AlCl3 >> PAC(A130) > PACA113. The precipitates' size increased when the dosage increased from 50 mu M to 200 mu M, but it decreased when the dosage increased to 800 AM. The Zeta potential of coagulant hydrolysis precipitates decreased with the increase in pH for the three coagulants. The isoelectric points of the freshly formed precipitates for AlCl3, PAC(A113) and PAC(A130) were 7.3, 9.6 and 9.2, respectively. The Zeta potentials of AlCl3 hydrolysis precipitates were lower than those of PAC(A113) and PAC(A130) when pH > 5.0. The Zeta potential of PAC(A130) hydrolysis precipitates was higher than that of PACA113 at the acidic side, but lower at the alkaline side. The dosage had no obvious effect on the Zeta potential of hydrolysis precipitates under fixed pH conditions. The increase in Zeta potential with the increase in dosage under uncontrolled pH conditions was due to the pH depression caused by coagulant addition. Al-Ferron research indicated that the hydrolysis precipitates of AlCl3 were composed of amorphous AI(OH)3 precipitates, but those of PACA113 and PACA130 were composed of aggregates of Al-13 and Al-30, respectively. Al3+ was the most un-stable species in coagulants, and its hydrolysis was remarkably influenced by solution pH. Al-13 and Al-30 species were very stable, and solution pH and aging had little effect on the chemical species of their hydrolysis products. The research method involving coagulant hydrolysis precipitates based on Al-Ferron reaction kinetics was studied in detail. The Al species classification based on complex reaction kinetic of hydrolysis precipitates and Ferron reagent was different from that measured in a conventional coagulant assay using the Al--Ferron method. The chemical composition of Al-a, Al-b and Al-c depended on coagulant and solution pH. The Al-b measured in the current case was different from Keggin Al-13, and the high Alb content in the AlCl3 hydrolysis precipitates could not used as testimony that most of the Al3+ Was converted to highly charged Al-13 species during AlCl3 coagulation.

On the acid-base stability of Keggin Al-13 and Al-30 polymers in polyaluminum coagulants

The acid-base stabilities of Al-13 and Al-30 in polyaluminum coagulants during aging and after dosing into water were studied systematically using batch and flow-through acid-base titration experiments. The acid decomposition rates of both Al-13 and Al-30 increase rapidly with the decrease in solution pH. The acid decompositions of Al-13 and Al-30 with respect to H+ concentration are composed of two parallel first-order and second-order reactions, and the reaction orders are 1.169 and 1.005, respectively. The acid decomposition rates of Al-13 and Al-30 increase slightly when the temperature increases from 20 to ca. 35 A degrees C, but decrease when the temperature increases further. Al-30 is more stable than Al-13 in acidic solution, and the stability difference increases as the pH decreases. Al-30 is more possible to become the dominant species in polyaluminum coagulants than Al-13. The acid catalyzed decomposition and followed by recrystallization to form bayerite is one of the main processes that are responsible for the decrease of Al-13 and Al-30 in polyaluminum coagulants during storage. The deprotonation and polymerization of Al-13 and Al-30 depend on solution pH. The hydrolysis products are positively charged, and consist mainly of repeated Al-13 and Al-30 units rather than amorphous Al(OH)(3) precipitates. Al-30 is less stable than Al-13 upon alkaline hydrolysis. Al-13 is stable at pH < 5.9, while Al-30 lose one proton at the pH 4.6-5.75. Al-13 and Al-30 lose respective 5 and 10 protons and form [Al-13] (n) and [Al-30] (n) clusters within the pH region of 5.9-6.25 and 5.75-6.65, respectively. This indicates that Al-30 is easier to aggregate than Al-13 at the acidic side, but [Al-13] (n) is much easier to convert to Alsol-gel than [Al-30] (n) . Al-30 possesses better characteristics than Al-13 when used as coagulant because the hydrolysis products of Al-30 possess higher charges than that of Al-13, and [Al-30] (n) clusters exist within a wider pH range.

30.4nm极紫成像探测器实验研究

中国科学院知识创新方向性项目(061Z291213) 资助课题

黄土丘陵区撂荒对土壤酶活性的影响

为了解侵蚀环境下植被恢复对土壤酶活性的影响,以典型侵蚀环境黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域生态恢复1至50年撂荒地长期定位试验点为研究对象,选取坡耕地为对照,分析了植被恢复过程中土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶及理化性质的演变特征。结果表明,土壤酶活性前期变化波动较大,后期(20-30a)年变化趋于稳定;尿酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶与其他因子相关性相对较强,可以作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标;尿酶、淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性随恢复年限而增加,多酚氧化酶则减少;土壤酶指数可以作为评价土壤质量的方法。

近30年来陕北黄土高原土地利用动态变化分析

基于1975年的LandsatMSS影像,1986年、1997年和2006年的Landsat TM影像,利用遥感影像的计算机自动分类和目视解译,得到这4a的土地利用信息。利用ERDAS中的GIS分析模块和统计方法对这4a的土地利用图进行统计分析,得到1975-1986年、1986-1997年和1997-2006年这3个时间段的土地利用变化的数量、速度、幅度、空间格局特征。结果表明:耕地经历了一个先增加后减少的过程,草地、林地先减少后增加,居民地一直处于增加状态,未利用地从整体上来说处于减少状态,只不过在中期有一定数量的波动;在前期和中期土地利用类型间的相互转化基本一致,后期土地利用类型间的相互转化有所增强;耕地、草地、林地和未利用地是该地区土地利用变化的主导类型,主要是耕地、草地与其它土地利用类型间的相互转化。

稀土铁双核配合物的合成

本文通过LnCl_3·nTHF和[C_5H_4(SiMe_3)]Na反应得到了两类配合物[C_5H_4(SiMe_3)] LnCl_2·nTHF (Ln = Nd，Sm，Gd；n = 0，1，2)、[C_5H_4(SiMe_3)] LnCl_2·HCl·nTHF (Ln = Nd，Sm，Gd；n = 1，2)。通过元素分析、红外分析、质谱、核磁共振和热重分析确定了配合物的分子组成，特别是带氯化氢的产品在红外光谱中有1250 cm~(-1)，835 cm~(-1)，748 cm~(-1)自的三甲基硅基特征吸收峰。对氯化稀上进行了结构分析，结果发现LnCl_3·4THF (Ln = Sm，Gd)是与NdCl_3·4THF之间存在着变态关系。GdCl_3·4THF。晶体属单斜晶系，空间群为P21/C，晶胞参数为a = 30.765(7)，b = 8.219(3)，C = 17.534(3)A~·，β = 93.71(2)°；SmCl_3·4THF。晶体属单斜晶系，空间群为P21/C，晶胞参数为a = 30.921(13)，b = 8.287(7)，C = 17.665(8)，β = 94.17(4)°。LnCl_3·4THF的单位晶胞中存在着八个分子，每对分子互相等同，但每对分子内部两个分子之间互不等同。SmCl_3·2THF·DME晶体属单斜晶系，空间群为P21/a，晶胞参数为a = 13.547(8)，b = 8.607(4)，C = 16.029(9)A°，β = 90.53(5)°。铲原子与三个氯原子。两个四氢呋喃中的氧原子以及DME中的两个氧原子键合，形成七配位的配合物，但是配位多面体不是理想的五角双锥，而是形成了比五角双锥(D_(5h))对称性更低的多面体(C_(3v))。它能看作是在正八面体的一个面的中心加上第七个原子的结果，而且这八面体主要受到决定上述那个面的三个原子伸展开的畸变。在制备C_5H_5SiMe_3时，如果不用减压蒸馏，而在常压下直接蒸馏，则得到的不是C_5H_5SiMe_3而是它的二聚体(C_5H_5SiMe_3)_2。用红外光谱和核磁共振确定了它的组成和结构，特别是在1650 cm~(-1)处出现(C_5H_5SiMe_3)_2的孤立双键吸收峰。用C_5H_5SiMe_3和Ee(CO)_5回流反应制得了[C_5H_4(SiMe_3) Ee(CO)_2]_2。经过元素分析，红外光谱，质谱，顺磁共振确定了配合物的组成，红外光谱中有桥羰基的吸收峰，质谱图中498的离子峰的出现标志着上述二聚体的存在。用[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]_2作为制备双金属配合物的原料，用Na/Hg并还原[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]_2。反应时间为6-7小时得到中间体[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]_2Na·4THF的深紫红色晶体。反应时间加长，中间体被破坏，反应到15小时时生成了[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]Na·TMEDA的黄色晶体，特别是中间体的获得及晶体结构的测定对我们解释反应的机理非常重要。[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]_2Na·4THF为单斜晶系，空间群为P21/n，晶胞参数为a = 10.155(5)，b = 17.121(4)，C = 18.667(6)A°，β = 97.61(3)°，V = 3216.9A°~3， 2 = 4。铁的配位数为七，钠的配位数为六，钠离子和桥连羰基氧以配位键结合，每个钠离子连结着两个[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]_2~-，而每个[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]_2~-又连结着两个钠离子，组成一个无限链状分子，键状分子间以Van de W力结合。[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]Na·TMEDA正交晶系，空间群为P_(2,2,2,)。晶胞参数为a = 6.001(4)，b = 10.644(6)，C = 24.214(11)A~·。α = β = r = 90°。z = 4 V = 1546·7A°~3，铁的配位数为五。钠的配位数为四，钠离子和羰基氧以配位键结合，每个钠离子连结着两个[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]~-，每个[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]~-又连结着两个钠离子，体系就是以这种连结方式或正负电荷交替的形式无限螺旋分子，每个链节存在着两个[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]Na·TMEDA分子，链节的长度为a轴的轴长，说明螺旋分子以a轴轴长向上平移。用LnCl_3·nTHF和[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]Na反应制得了[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2] LnCl_2·nTHF (Ln = Nd, Sm, Gd; n = 1, 2)，用[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2] LnCl_2和[C_5H_4(SiMe_3)]Na或用[C_5H-4(SiMe_3)] LnCl_2和[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]Na得到[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2] [C_5H_4(SiMe_3)] LnCl·nTHF (Ln = Nd, Sm, Gd; n = 0, 1, 3)，配合物[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2] LnCl_2·nTHF及[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2] [C_5H_4(SiMe_3)] LnCl·nTHF中存在着2000 cm~(-1)左右的终端羰基吸收峰及1766 cm~(-1)左右的桥连羰基吸收峰。说明稀土和铁之间是以羰基相连的。在TOTOE质谱仪上，配合物[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]Gd~·Cl·THF出现[C_5H_5Fe(CO)]GdCl_2、[Fe(CO)_2] Gd~+Cl_2的离子峰，配合物[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]-[C_5H_4(SiMe_3)] GdCl·THF出现[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2] [C_5H_4]Gd~+Cl、[C_5H_5Fe(CO)_2]Gd~+Cl·[C_5H_4C(SiMe_3)] Gd~+Cl等离子峰。所有稀土有机配合物都溶于四氢呋喃、苯，对空气和水敏感。

The influence of thickness on properties of GaN buffer layer and heavily Si-doped GaN grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy

The physical properties of low-temperature-deposited GaN buffer layers with different thicknesses grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy have been studied. A tentative model for the optimum thickness of buffer layer has been proposed. Heavily Si-doped GaN layers have been grown using silane as the dopant. The electron concentration of Si-doped GaN reached 1.7 x 10(20) cm(-3) with mobility 30 cm(2)/V s at room temperature. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.