Studies of K-shell x-ray energy shifts induced by MeV/u heavy ions

This paper reports that the K x-ray spectra of the thin target 47Ag, 48Cd, 49In and 50Sn were measured by an HPGe semi-conductor detector in collisions with 84.5 MeV 6C4+ ions. Our experiment revealed the Kα x-ray energy shifts were not obvious and the Kβ1 x-ray energy shifts were about 90∼110 eV. The simple model of Burch et al has been previously used to calculate the K x-ray energy shifts due to an additional vacancy in 2p orbit. The present work extends the model of Burch to calculate the x-ray energy shifts of multiple ionized atoms induced by heavy ions with kinetic energy of MeV/u. In addition to our experimental results, many other experimental results are compared with the calculated values by using the model.

醋酸酯淀粉膜材料及其包膜尿素肥料制备

以工业用原淀粉为基体,醋酸酐为酯化剂,与酸进行酯化反应,制得取代度为2.90的醋酸酯淀粉。以制得的醋酸酯淀粉为主料研制肥料包膜用膜溶液,并制备包膜尿素。结果表明,此包膜材料具有很强的成膜性和柔韧性,成膜质的细腻光滑、致密,膜与尿素表面接合紧密,能很好地适应尿素颗粒表面的外形轮廓而将其紧密覆盖。包膜尿素后,对尿素态氮的释放有明显的控释作用。

Stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte block copolymer brushes synthesized from the si wafer via atom-transfer radical polymerization

Surface-tethered oppositely charged weak polyelectrolyte block copolymer brushes composed of poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were grown from the Si wafer by atom-transfer radical polymerization. The P2VP-b-PAA brushes were prepared through hydrolysis of the second PtBA block to the corresponding acrylic acid. The P2VP-b-PAA brushes with different PAA block length were obtained. The P2VP-b-PAA brushes revealed a unique reversible wetting behavior with pH. The difference between the solubility parameters for P2VP and PAA, the changes of surface chemical composition and surface roughness, and the reversible wetting behavior illustrated that the surface rearrangement occurred during treatment of the P2VP-b-PAA brushes by aqueous solution with different pH value. The reversible properties of the P2VP-b-PAA brushes can be used to regulate the adsorption of the sulfonated PS nanoparticles.

Nano-reactors for controlling the selectivity of the free radical grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene in the melt

This paper reports on a successful application of the concept of nanoreactors to effectively controlling the selectivity of the free radical grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto polypropylene (PP) in the melt, an industrially relevant process. More specifically, a free radical initiator of type ROOR was first confined into (or encapsulated by) the galleries of an organically modified montmorillonite (o-MMT) whose interdistance was 2.4 nm. Primary free radicals (RO center dot) formed inside the o-MMT galleries had to diffuse out before they could react with the PP backbone. The controlled release of the primary free radicals significantly increased the grafting degree of MAH onto PP and greatly reduced the level of the chain scission of the latter. Those results were better understood by electron spin resonance studies on model systems and by Monte Carlo simulations.

Multi-color long-lasting phosphorescence in Mn2+-doped ZnO-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics

Multi-color LLP phenomenon was observed in Mn2+-doped ZnO-B2O3-SiO2 glassceramics after the irradiation of a UV lamp at room temperature. Transparent ZnO-B2O3-SiO2 glass emitted reddish LLP while opaque glass-ceramics prepared by the glass sample after heat treatment emitted yellowish or greenish LLP. The change of the phosphorescence is due to the alteration of co-ordination state of Mn2+. The phosphorescence of the samples was seen in the dark with naked eyes even 12 h after the irradiation with a UV lamp (lambda(max) = 254 nm) for 30 min. Based on the approximative t(-1) decay law of the phosphorescence, we suggest that the LLP is attributed to the thermally assisted electron-hole recombination.

Three phases of dark-recovery course from photoinhibition resolved by the chlorophyll fluorescence analysis in soybean leaves under field conditions

The chlorophyll fluorescence in soybean leaves was observed by a portable fluorometer CF-1000 under field conditions. On clear days, F-0 increased while F, and F-v/F-m decreased gradually in the morning. At midday F-O reached its maximum while F-v and F-v/F-m reached their minimum. The reverse changes occurred in the afternoon. At dusk these parameters could return to levels near those at dawn. Following exposure to a strong sunlight for more than 3 h, the dark-recovery process displayed three phases: (1) slow increases in F-0, F-v and F-v/F-m within the first hour; (2) a faster decrease in F-0 and faster increases in F-v and F-v/F-m within subsequent two hours; (3) a slow decrease in F-0 and slow increases in F-v and F-v/F-m within the fourth hour. In comparison with darkness, weak irradiance had no stimulating effect on the recovery from photoinhibition. Hence the photoinhibition in soybean leaves is mainly the reflection of reversible inactivation of some photosystem 2 reaction centres, but not the result of D1 protein loss.

“探索者”号无缆自治水下机器人的信息系统

介绍了“探索者”号无缆自治水下机器人信息系统及构成，它分为水上、水下两大部分。最后，详细介绍了水上信息系统的特点。

土地资源开发的农业生态效益评价

本文论述了土地资源开发生态效益评价的目的和意义，建立了土地资源开发的生态效益评价指标体系，包括三方面：①生态系统结构的合理性评价指标；②生态系统功能评价指标；③生态环境质量评价指标。采用分级综合评价法，即分两个层次进行评价研究：生态效益分类评价包括生态结构综合评价、环境质量综合评价和生态功能综合评价；生态效益总体综合评价。通过对吉林西部土地开发生态效益的综合评价，反映出评价指标体系的确定比较合理，选择的评价方法简便实用，得出的评价结果符合实际。