Blends of polyamide 1010 with ungrafted and maleic anhydride grafted high impact polystyrene

The crystallization, dynamic mechanical properties, tensile properties and morphology features of polyamidel 1010(PA1010) blends with the high impact polystyrere (HIPS) and maleic anhydride (MA) grafted HIPS(HIPS-g-MA) were examined at a wide composition range. By comparison the PA1010/HIPS-g-MA and PA1010/HIPS binary blends, it was found that the size of the domains of HIPS-g-MA was much smaller than that of HIPS at the same compositions. It was found that the mechanical properties of PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends were obviously higher than those of PA1010/HIPS blends. When the content of PA1010 is more than 50wt% in the blends, the crystallization temperatures, T-cs, of PA1010 increase with increasing the content of HIPS-g-MA. On the other hand, when the content of PA1010 in the blends is less than 35wt% the fraction crystallization is observed. The same result is not obtained for the blends of PA1010/HIPS. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components and good dispersion in PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends.

Influence of interface on radiation effects of crystalline polymer - radiation effects on polyamide-1010 containing BMI

Aimed at saving the radiation dose required to crosslinking the polyamid-1010, BMI/PA1010 systems containing different amounts of difunctional crosslinking agent N,N'-bis-maleimide-4,4'-biphenyl methane (BMI) were prepared and the structure changes at the crystallographic and supermolecular levels before and after irradiation were studied by using WAXD, SAXS, and DSC techniques. It was found that by incorporation of BMI the microcrystal size L-100 is lowered due to the formation of hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen of BMI and the amide hydrogen of PA1010 in the hydrogen bonded plane, and the overall crystallinity W-c is also decreased. The presence of BMI causes the crystal lamella thickness d(c) to decrease and greatly thickens the transition zone d(tr) between the crystalline and amorphous regions. As for the irradiated specimen, the maximum increments in the L-100 and W-c against dose curves decrease with BMI content, and the interception point D-i, at which the L-100 and W-c curves intercept their respective horizontal line of L-100/L-100(0) and W-c/W-c(0)=1, shift to lower dose with an increase in BMI concentration. In addition. the mechanism of the radiation chemical reactions in the three different phases under the action of BMI are discussed with special focus on the interface region. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Studies on the interfacial adhesion between functionalized polypropylene and polyamide 1010

The interface behavior of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and polypropylene (PP) was studied. In order to improve their interfacial adhesion, functional PP was prepared by means of grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on PP main chains and used instead of plain PP. Several technological characterizations were performed here on their interfaces. ESCA was used to confirm that some kind of reaction occurred between end groups of PA1010 and epoxy species of PP-g-GMA. The peel test was adopted to measure interfacial adhesion. It was found that the fracture energy of interfaces between PA1010 and PP-g-GMA was dramatically increased with the content of GMA. Their interfaces were observed as being blurred by using SEM and TEM and a crack that could be seen in the case of the interfaces of the PA1010 and the plain PP disappeared.

尼龙1010分别与未接枝和接枝马来酸酐的高抗冲聚苯乙烯的共混体系研究

研究了尼龙1010(PA1010)与高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)及马来酸酐官能化的HIPS(HIPS-g-MA)间的相互作用，利用DSC,DMA,SEM及拉伸测试等方法研究了不同组成比的共混物PA1010/HIPS与PA1010/HIPS-g-MA的结晶、玻璃化转变、形态及力学性能．结果表明HIPS与PA1010虽然结构相差甚远，但两者之间仍存在着一定的相互作用；而HIPS-s-MA可使PA1010的低温熔融峰变小，当HIPS-g-MA的含量≤50%时，随着其含量的增加，共混物中PA1010的结晶温度升高；当含量＞50%时，PA1010发生分级结晶行为，其结晶温度由原来的178℃降至83℃，同时HIPS-g-MA与PA1010间的相互作用变大，DMA谱上有明显的新的松驰峰．PA1010/HIPS-g-MA共混体系的拉伸性能要优于相同组成的PA1010/HIPS体系．以上现象主要是...

尼龙1010/6及尼龙1010/66基本物理性能与组成的关系

尼龙1010/6 和尼龙1010/66 的基本物理性能随着组成的改变而改变,尼龙1010 含量高时,共聚物密度大于计算值;含量低时,共聚物密度小于计算值.尼龙1010 含量20%左右时,共聚物具有较大吸水率

The characterization of the interfacial reaction in polyamide 1010 poly(propylene)-graft-(glycidylmethacrylate) blends

Binary blends of polyamide 1010/poly(propylene) and polyamide 1010 (PA1010)/poly(propylene)-graft-(glycidyl methacrylate) (PP-g-GMA) were prepared. The epoxy groups in PP-g-GMA react with the amino end-groups in PA1010, thus a PA1010-graft-PP copolymer is formed and acts as a compatibilizer between PA1010 and PP-g-GMA. The reaction was confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopic analysis, and also evaluated by the stability of the suspension obtained by dissolving the blends in formic acid and by the morphologies of the blends.

Effect of the fold surface of the lamellae on the behavior of the trapped radicals in irradiated polyamide-1010

Two types of macromolecular free radicals -CH2CONHCHCH2- (a) and -CH2C=O (b) trapped in irradiated Polyamide-1010 (PA1010) and PA1010 filled with neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) were characterized by an ESR approach. It was found out that a was mainly trapped in the fold surface of the lamellae and b in the amorphous phase. This result suggested that trapped radicals mainly existed in the noncrystalline phases. The effect of the fold surface area of the lamellae on the behavior of the trapped radicals are discussed in this article. Whether for the specimens with similar crystallinities but different crystallite sizes or for those with the same concentration of neodymium oxide but different crystallinities, radical a exists dominantly in a specimen with a larger fold surface area of the lamellae. Under a certain circumstance, radical a can transform into radical b for a specimen with a larger fold surface area of the lamellae. It means that the fold surface area of the lamellae plays an important role in the transformation of radical a to b. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Morphological studies of polyamide 1010/polypropylene blends

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the morphology of blends of PA1010 and polypropylene (PP) compatibilized with polypropylene grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA). It is found that the morphologies are dependent on the content of glycidyl methacrylate in PP-g-GMA and the mixing time. The size of the dispersed PP particles decreases as the content of GMA in the PP-g-GMA increases for binary blends of PA1010 and PP-g-GMA. Similar results are obtained for changing the mixing time. Ternary blends of PA1010, PP, and PP-g-GMA indicate that morphologies depend on the content of glycidyl metyacrylate in the PP-g-GMA and the miscibility of PP and PP-g-GMA. By changing the content of GMA in PP-g-GMA, it was possible to introduce significant changes of morphology. A matrix removal TEM method is used to investigate the interfacial structure of PA1010/PP blends containing PP-g-GMA as a compatibilizer. This technique shows the reaction product between PA1010 and PP-g-GMA to be located at interface as a surrounding layer around domain particles. SEM observation on the interface shows that the adhesion between PA1010 and pure PP is very weak and their interface boundary is sharp. For the samples of PA1010 and PP-g-GMA, it was found that the interface was not so obvious, and the reaction between PA1010 and PP-g-GMA strengthens the interface significantly. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

拉伸对尼龙1010熔融与结晶的影响

利用ＤＳＣ法研究了拉伸对尼龙１０１０熔融与结晶的影响．结果表明，伸长倍数（λ）较低时，ＤＳＣ曲线上只有一个溶融峰；λ较高时出现双熔融峰．λ≤１．５时，结晶度（Ｗｃ）随λ的增大而减小，λ＞１．５时，Ｗｃ随λ的增大而增大，λ≤２．５时Ｗｃ随拉伸温度（Ｔｄ）的升高而降低，λ≥３时，Ｗｃ与Ｔｄ基本无关或略有上升．拉伸速度ｖ＝１０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ，λ≈２．５和ｖ＝１００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ，λ≈３．３时，熔程（ΔＴ）有一极大值，ｖ＝１０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ时，ΔＴ与Ｔｄ无关，ｖ＝１００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ，Ｔｄ≈８０℃时，ΔＴ有一极大值．熔点Ｔｍ随λ的增大略有下降，而与Ｔｄ和ｖ无关.

尼龙1010的拉伸屈服行为

研究尼龙１０１０在不同温度（Ｔ）和拉伸速率（ｖ）下的拉伸屈服行为．在同一温度下，屈服应力（σｙ），细颈扩展阶段的伸长倍数（Δεｙ·ｔ），应变硬化点的应变值（εｔ），应变硬化程度（Ｂ）和二次成颈的应变（εｐ）随拉伸速率的增加近于线性增加；当外推到Ｖ＝０时σ０ｙ，Δε０ｙ·ｔ和Ｂ的平均值（Ｂ）均随温度的升高而增大；当Ｔ＞５０℃时，ε０ｔ近于线性增大，而ε０ｐ在８０℃－１１０℃之间有一最大值；当Ｔ＝１８℃，ｖ＝１０ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１和２０ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１时σ～ε曲线上有３个峰；随着应变ε的增大，所吸收的韧性能Ａ在ε＜６时近于线性增大，而ε＞６时，Ａ增加较快.

Heterogeneous nucleation effects of neodymium oxide on polyamide-1010

In this paper microcrystalline structures of polyamide-1010 (PA1010) mixed with neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) were studied by Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Crystallization behavior was investigated by DSC. The transition and relaxation of macromolecules in the crystalline phase were explored by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). It was revealed that neodymium oxide plays an important role in PA1010 crystallization as a heterogeneous nucleating agent. It can improve the crystallization rate, reduce crystallite size and introduce crystal imperfections. The microcrystalline structure was imposed by the addition of Nd2O3 However, the heterogeneous nucleation effect obviously does not exert its influence on the transition and relaxation of macromolecules in the crystalline phase.

Crystallization behavior of poly(propylene)/polyamide 1010 blends using poly(propylene)-graft glycidyl methacrylate as compatibilizer

Polyamide 1010/poly(propylene) (PA1010/PP) blends were investigated with and without the addition of poly(propylene)-graft-glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA). The effect of the compatibilizer on the thermal properties and crystallization behavior was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. From the results it is found that the crystallization of PA 1010 is significantly affected by the presence of PP-g-GMA. PP/PA 1010 (75/25) blends containing higher amounts of PP-g-GMA show concurrent crystallization at the crystallization temperature of PP. Isothermal crystallization kinetics also were performed in order to investigate the influence of the compatibilized process on the nucleation and growth mechanism. In the PP/PA 1010 (25/75) blends, concurrent crystallization behavior was not observed, even though the amount of PPg-GMA was high.

ESR approach to free radicals trapped in irradiated polyamide-1010

Two types of macromolecular free radicals similar to CH2CONH(C) over dotHCH(2) similar to (a) and similar to CH2(C) over dot = O (b) trapped in irradiated polyamide-1010 (PA1010) and PA1010 filled with neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) were characterized by an ESR approach. It is found that (a) is prevailingly trapped in the fold surface of the lamellae and (b) in the amorphous phase. This result suggests that trapped radicals mainly exist in the non-crystalline phases. The effect of the fold surface area of the lamellae on the behavior of the trapped radicals is discussed in this paper. Whether for the specimens with similar crystallinities, but different crystallite sizes, or for those with the same concentration of neodymium oxide, but different crystallinities, radical (a) exists dominantly in the specimen with a larger fold surface area of the lamellae. Under certain circumstances, radical (a) can transform into radical (b), obviously for a specimen with a larger fold surface area of the lamellae. It means that the fold surface area of the lamellae plays an important role in the transformation of radical (a) to (b). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Binary alloys of nylon 1010 and ethylene-propylene copolymer: Chemical, morphological, and mechanical analysis

The modification of ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM) has been accomplished by melt grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) molecules promoted by radical initiators. The resulting EPM-g-MAH and EPM have been used to obtain binary nylon 1010/EPM or nylon 1010/EPM-g-MAH blends by melt mixing. It was found that the EPM-g-MAH copolymer used as the second component has a profound effect upon the properties of the resulting blends. This behavior has been attributed to a series of chemical and physicochemical interactions taking place between the two components. The interactions are due to the presence of the anhydride functionality on the copolymer and do not occur when this functionality is absent. The interaction has been confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopic.

Dependence of decaying of trapped radicals on aggregates on polyamide 1010

The decaying of free radicals in the course of heating, trapped in irradiated polyamide 1010 with different crystallinities, were investigated using an ESR technique. The decaying temperature, at which all radicals decay completely, depends on the aggregation of polyamide 1010 prior to radiation. The higher the crystallinity, the higher the temperature at which the radicals disappear. Dynamically speaking, radicals in specimens with higher crystallinity take longer to decay. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.