326 resultados para 2024 Al
Resumo:
Hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLcs) CoMAlCO3, where M stands for Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, or Fe, were synthesized by coprecipitation. After calcination at 450 degrees C, they became mixed oxides with spinel-like structure. The mixed oxides were characterized by XRD, BET, chemical analysis and the adsorption of NO. The catalytic decomposition of NO and its reduction by CO were studied over these mixed oxides. The study showed that the catalytic activity for removal of NO, was very high. The reaction mechanism is proposed and the effects of d-electrons of the transition metals on catalytic activity are elucidated.
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The catalyst system neodymium phosphonate Nd(P-507)(3)/H2O/Al(i-Bu)(3) for the polymerization of styrene was examined. Effects of the addition order of the catalyst components, catalyst aging time and aging temperature on the catalyst activity and the polymer characteristics were investigated. The catalyst activity for isospecific polymerization of styrene increases with aging time and reaches the maximum with a catalyst aged for 45 min at 70 degrees C. The aging time that the catalyst needs to reach the highest activity for isospecific polymerization decreases with increasing aging temperature. The preformed catalyst and the in situ catalyst were compared with respect to the kinetic behavior of the styrene polymerization and the polymer characteristics.
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由固体和分子经验电子理论(EET)分析了Ti-Al系金属间化合物合金化前后的价电子结构,再计算了该系合金各相的均匀变形因子α和解理能Gc 值,据此分析了合金化对该系金属间化合物脆性的影响。结果表明,常量合金化元素Nb使Ti3Al基合金的α2相无序化,增加了韧的第二相,减弱了Ti-Ti共价键,综合导致α和Gc 值增大,使Ti3Al的脆性有本质改善;微量合金化元素Mn减弱了TiAl基合金的Al-Al共价键,并诱发孪生,使α和Gc 有所提高,在一定程度上降低了TiAl的脆性;TiAl3极低的α和Gc导致恶劣的本征脆性,Mn也难以改变其脆性本质
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以Nd-Al双金属配合物为催化剂,考察了丁二烯和异戊二烯聚合反应的动力学,得到稳态聚合速率方程式为RP=K[M][ND]n(n=1);丁二烯比异戊二烯有更大的表观增长速率常数k.这些与聚合体系中是否存在过量的烷基铝无关.对多组分稀土催化剂作用下异戊二烯聚合反应动力学方程中出现较高n值的现象进行了初步的探讨
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通过H2-TPR,XRD,TG-DTA及比表面积测定等对MgAl水滑石化合物进行了表征,研究了焙烧温度对水滑石物理性质的影响.在此基础上,研究了MgAl水滑石中加入过渡金属(M)离子后对NO+CO反应的催化活性.结果发现,含有Cu离子的样品对NO+CO反应有较高的催化活性,并与CoAlM的催化性能进行了比较
Resumo:
以共沉淀法制得的水滑石类化合物为催化剂前体,经焙烧可得到一系列尖晶石类化合物Co-M-Al[M=Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu;n(Co):n(M):n(Al)=3:1:1].通过XRD,比表面测定,化学分析,NO吸附等方法对其进行表征,测定了此系列催化剂对NO催化还原和催化分解的活性,结果发现此系列催化剂对消除NO具有很高的活性.同时对催化消除NO的机理及过渡金属离子中d轨道电子对催化活性的影响进行了一些探讨.
Resumo:
根据固体与分子经验电子理论(EET)分析计算Ti-Al系金属间化合物及氢和氧影响下各相的价电子结构与解理能Gc,据此分析Ti-Al系金属间化合物的环境脆性(EE).结果表明,Ti3Al的氢脆是由于高氢含量下易生成性相引起的;TiAl的氢脆是由于固溶氢减弱含氢TiAl晶胞主干键并降低解理能引起的.而Ti3Al固溶氧使其键结构呈更严重的各向异性,导致Ti3Al脆性加剧;在氧含量较高时,氧化物TiO2形成将导致更加恶劣的脆性,而形成最强键nA和热稳定性较高的Al2O3将会有好的抗氧化性.同时也解释一些尚有争议的实验结果,并提出一些解决环境脆性的韧化途径.
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本文用XRD和SEM方法研究了稀土对Al-Mg-Si系合金微观结构的影响,同时还测定了这些合金的耐腐蚀及力学性能。结果表明,该体系的稀土铝合金中大约含0.10%稀土就可以细化组织,提高使用性能。具有很好的应用前景。
Resumo:
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized with the rare earth coordination catalyst-system of Nd(O - i-Pr)(3) in toluene. The influences of various ligands in neodymium complexes, molar ratio of Al/Nd, catalyst concentration, catalyst aging time, solvents, the third component CCl4, temperature and time on the polymerization of MMA were studied. The results showed that the polymerization conversion reached more than 80% at a catalyst concentration of 9.2 x 10(-3) mol/L. The appropriate molar ratio of CCl4/Nd was 4. Hydrocarbon was preferred for the polymerzation to obtain a high conversion and a high <(M)over bar w> of PMMA. The H-1 NMR spectra of PMMA indicated that the lower the temperature, the higher the syndiotactic content of PMMA was obtained.
Resumo:
利用多核Nd-Al双金属配合物可单独引发双烯烃聚合的特点,考察了烷基铝种类对丁二烯加聚过程的影响,并与一般混合稀土催化体系进行了比较.烷基铝对活性体催化活性的影响与其用量有关,低n(Al)/n(Nd)值时,活性次序为:AlMe3,AlEt3,HAlBui2>Al(C8H17)3>AlBui3;高n(Al)/n(Nd)值时,活性次序相反:AlMe3,AlEt3,HAlBui2<Al(C8H17)3<AlBui3.烷基铝链转移作用强弱次序为:HAlBui2≥AlEt3>AlBui3>AlMe3>Al(C8H17)3.根据聚丁二烯微观结构与其分子量的关系,可将烷基铝对聚丁二烯顺式含量的影响分为3类:(1)AlEt3和Al(C8H17)3;(2)HAl-Bui2和AlBui3;(3)AlMe3.所得结果有助于对稀土催化定向聚合过程的深入了解.
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对Al-3.1Li及Al-2.7Li-0.21Ymm二种合金的铸态及在540℃条件下固溶处理4小时后的组织进行了观察和分析,测定了二种合金在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明:二种合金的宏观组织未见明显示差别,含Ymm的合金微观组织较细化,添加少量Ymm对合金的腐蚀性能有较好的影响,固熔处理后的合金耐腐性能提高
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研究了稀土对Al-Mg-Si建筑铝型材性能的影响。其微观结构及组成采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及光电子能谱分析,同时测量了样品的机械强度和耐蚀性能。结果表明其挤压预热温度降至430℃,速度达到6.28~7.36mm/s,在Al-Mg-Si材料中加入适量的稀土可以细化晶粒并且增加了材料的机械强度和耐蚀性能。
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采用化学失重法,考察了稀土对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,在不同介质中,加稀土的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu比Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金有较高的耐腐蚀性能,在还原性介质中的耐腐蚀性更好。稀土含量控制在0.05%为宜。
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研究了单向凝固Al-3Li-(0~0.74)Ce合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:Ce可明显提高合金的耐腐蚀性能,细化合金的微观组织,使合金腐蚀源分散、细小,是影响腐蚀性能的主要元素。
Resumo:
对[μ-CF_3CO_2)_2Ln(μ-CF_3HCO_2)Al(i-Bu)_2·THFl_2(Ln=Nd,Y)配合物单晶结构的X-射线分析指出,配合物具有中心对称性,配位中心由两个稀土和两个Al离子组成,稀土由两个THF和6个TFA分子配位形成畸变的三盖三棱柱结构,Al由两个TFAG和两个i-Bu配位形成四面体结构。桥连Al与两个稀土的TFA分子的羧基发生歧化加氢,其碳原子由SP ̄2型转变为SP ̄3型.NMR研究表明,在THF溶液中,该配合物保持了它在单晶中的配位结构,所不同的是两个i-Bu在溶液中有两种异构形成,二者间为慢交换过程。