449 resultados para Microchip electrophoresis


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A metric representation of DNA sequences is borrowed from symbolic dynamics. In view of this method, the pattern seen in the chaos game representation of DNA sequences is explained as the suppression of certain nucleotide strings in the DNA sequences. Frequencies of short nucleotide strings and suppression of the shortest ones in the DNA sequences can be determined by using the metric representation.

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This study was designed to comprehensively analyze the differential expression of proteins from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to tumor conditioned medium (TCM) and to identify the key regulator in the cell cycle progression. The HUVECs were exposed to TCM from breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231, then their cell cycle distribution was measured by flow cytometer (FCM). The role of protein in cell cycle progression was detected via two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and western blotting. Following the stimulation of TCM, HUVECs showed a more cells in the S phase than did the negative control group (ECGF-free medium with 20% FBS), but the HUVECs' level was similar to the positive control group (medium with 25 mug/ml ECGF and 20% FBS). Increased expression of cyclin D-1/E and some changes in other related proteins occurred after incubation with TCM. From our results, we can conclude that breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 may secrete soluble pro-angiogenic factors that induce the HUVEC angiogenic switch, during which the expression of cell cycle regulator cyclin D-1/E increases and related proteins play an important role in this process.

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Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is usually considered as a dielectric material and the PDMS microchannel wall can be treated as an electrically insulated boundary in an applied electric field. However, in certain layouts of microfluidic networks, electrical leakage through the PDMS microfluidic channel walls may not be negligible, which must be carefully considered in the microfluidic circuit design. In this paper, we report on the experimental characterization of the electrical leakage current through PDMS microfluidic channel walls of different configurations. Our numerical and experimental studies indicate that for tens of microns thick PDMS channel walls, electrical leakage through the PDMS wall could significantly alter the electrical field in the main channel. We further show that we can use the electrical leakage through the PDMS microfluidic channel wall to control the electrolyte flow inside the microfluidic channel and manipulate the particle motion inside the microfluidic channel. More specifically, we can trap individual particles at different locations inside the microfluidic channel by balancing the electroosmotic flow and the electrophoretic migration of the particle.

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文中报道了一台采用激光二极管部分边缘泵浦方式的高功率薄片激光器,晶体尺寸是1 mm×10 mm×60 mm。Cr4+:YAG被用来作为被动调Q晶体,在重复频率高于10kHz时,获得了脉宽10ns,平均功率70W,斜线效率为36\%的激光输出。通过控制泵浦光束直径的大小,我们在厚度方向得到了近似衍射极限的光束输出。整个激光器结构紧凑,大小为60 mm×174 mm×150 mm。

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应用Judd-Oflet理论计算了新型掺铒高硅氧玻璃中铒离子的强度参量Ωt(t=2,4,6),Ω2=8.15×10^-20,Ω4=1.43×10^-20,Ω6=1.22×10^-20,相比于其他氧化物玻璃,表现出较大的Ω2,6值,反映了铒离子周围的近邻结构不对称性和Er-O键的离子键成分较高.利用McCumber理论计算得到了能级4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁的受激发射截面为σc=O.51pm^2.这种高硅氧玻璃掺铒离子浓度尽管高于石英光纤的掺杂浓度10倍左右,其荧光寿命和量子效率仍达到6.0ms和66.

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abstract {Silica glass is an attractive host matrix for the emission ions of rare earth and transition metal ions because it has small thermal expansion coefficient, strong thermal resistance, large fracture strength and good chemical durability and so on. However, a major obstacle to using it as the host matrix is a phenomenon of concentration quenching. In this paper, we introduces a novel method to restrain the concentration quenching by using a porous glass with SiO2 content > 95% (in mass) and prepare intense fluorescence high-SiO2 glasses and high-SiO2 laser glass. The porous glass with high-SiO2 content was impregnated with rare-earth and transition metal ions, and consequently sintered into a compact non-porous glass in reduction or oxidization atmospheres. Various intense fluorescence glasses with high emission yields, a vacuum ultraviolet-excited intensely luminescent glass, high silica glass containing high concentration of Er3+ ion, ultrabroad infrared luminescent Bi-doped high silica glass and Nd3+-doped silica microchip laser glass were obtained by this method. The porous glass is also favorable for co-impregnating multi-active-ions. It can bring effective energy transferring between various active ions in the glass and increases luminescent intensity and extend range of excitation spectrum. The luminescent active ions-doped high-SiO2 glasses are potential host materials for high power solid-state lasers and new transparent fluorescence materials.}

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Porous glass with high-SiO2 content was impregnated with Nd ions, and subsequently sintered at 1100 degrees C into a compact non-porous glass in air or reducing atmosphere. Sintering in a reducing atmosphere produced an intense violet-blue fluorescence at 394 nm. However, the sintering atmospheres almost did not affect the fluorescence properties in the infrared range. A good performance Nd3+-doped silica microchip laser operating at 1064 nm was demonstrated. The Nd-doped sintering glasses with high-SiO2 content are potential host materials for high power solid-state lasers and new transparent fluorescence materials. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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A new method was used to prepare erbium-doped high silica (SiO2% > 96%) glasses by sintering nanoporous glasses. The concentration of erbium ions in high silica glasses can be considerably more than that in silica glasses prepared by using conventional methods. The fluorescence of 1532 nm has an FWHM (Full Wave at Half Maximum) of 50 nm, wider than 35 nm of EDSFA (erbium-doped silica fiber amplifer), and hence the glass possesses potential application in broadband fiber amplifiers. The Judd-Ofelt theoretical analysis reflects that the quantum efficiency of this erbium-doped glass is about 0.78, although the erbium concentration in this glass (6 x 103) is about twenty times higher than that in silica glass. These excellent characteristics of Er-doped high silica glass will be conducive to its usage in optical amplifiers and microchip lasers.

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本文利用同工酶分析技术测定北京市东灵山区两个辽东栎(Quercus Liaotungensis Koidz)群体的遗传结构。共分析统计了13个酶系统的30位点。结果表明:辽东栎群体具有较高的遗传变异水平,两个小群体的平均多态位点百分率达86. 6%,等位基因平均数为2.25,平均期望杂合度为0.311。固定指数为负值(-0.138)表明群体中杂合体过量。小群体间的分化程度不高,两个小群体间的遗传距离为0.037。同工酶测定的总变异中,5.8%来自小群体间,其余(94.2%)来自小群体内。和具有相似生活特征的其它种类乔木相比,每代迁移率估计值(4.20)偏低。

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光敏核不育水稻农垦58S由晚粳农垦58突变形成。具有在适宜温度条件下,长日照诱导雄性不育、短日照诱导雄性可育的基本特性。光敏核不育水稻育性转换机理的阐明是两系法杂交稻技术的关键。 1.克隆光敏不育基因是研究光敏核不育水稻育性转换机理的一个重要方面,本文对通过反映农垦58S和农垦58遗传背景差异的蛋白质或受光周期调节的蛋白质实现克隆光敏不育基因的策略进行了可行性研究,得到以下结果: (1).利用双向电泳技术在光敏核不育水稻是58S叶片中发现一个不存在于农垦58的蛋白质,其分子量为59.8kDa,等电点pH为5.9(称为Pa),该蛋白的存在不受光照条件、发育时期的影响,反映出农垦58S与农垦58遗传背景的差异。 (2).Pa蛋白与农垦58S叶绿体P61蛋白具有相同的分子量、等电点和N-端氨基酸顺序,在不同品种水稻中具有相同的分布,因此它们很可能是同一个蛋白质分子。 (3).利用双向电泳技术发现P61(Pa)和P41蛋白不仅存在于光敏不育系中,也存在于常规可育粳稻中,与光敏不育性状没有平行关系。 (4).利用双向电脉技术发现10天14小时长日照能在农垦58S和农垦58中诱导一个分子量为36kDa、等电点pH为5.2的蛋白质(称为P_b),该蛋白的表达受光敏色素的调控。因此P61(Pa)、P41及P_b蛋白均与光敏不育性状无直接关系,推测克隆这些蛋白的基因无法直接获得光敏不育基因。 2.在育性转换光周期敏感期已经发现长日照使农垦58S叶绿体发育不良,但在苗期光周期敏感期内,目前尚不知长日照是否会有同样的效应。本文以光周期对农垦58S苗期叶绿体发育的影响为主要内容,研究了农垦58S苗期的光周期反应,得到以下结果: (1).农垦58S从5叶龄期至6叶龄期开始对光周期敏感,短日照开始能诱导茎尖分化幼穗。 (2).不同的光周期对农垦58S 4叶龄期新展叶片叶绿体发育的影响无明显差异,叶结体结构与功能均表现正常。 (3).不同的光周期对农垦58S 6叶龄期新展叶片叶绿体发育的影响有明显差异。与短日照相比,长日照引起农垦58S部分叶绿体发育不良,导致光化学活性减弱、超分子结构异常。长日光周期对农垦58S叶绿体发育的不良效应可能是光周期敏感期内存在的一种特殊现象。

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叶绿素突变泛指能导致叶绿素代谢失调的核基因或叶绿体基因突变。发生叶绿素突变的植物个体普遍表现为叶色的变化,目前已报道的多数叶绿素突变体为人工诱变产物。叶绿素缺失突变导致的叶结素代谢缺陷实际上反映了叶绿体发育过程的缺陷,研究叶绿素突变更重要的意义是在于阐明叶绿体发育过程。 本研究所用材料1103s是一类特殊的叶绿素突变体,为籼性光敏核不育水稻(Oryza sativa L.)8902s群体中发现的自发突变体。该突本所具有的失绿特性为特定温度条件下才表现出来的瞬时性状,在环境温度恢复后,失绿组织可复发。遗传分析表明该突变由隐性核基因控制。本文不1103s所具有的温度敏感和失绿复绿特性,在亚细胞水平和生理化水平进行了详细的探讨。 叶绿素含量的检测表明,诱导后表现失绿的叶片组织内叶绿素含量明显降低,叶绿素a/b比值升高,原脱植基叶绿素含量低于绿色组织。失绿组织中的这种原脱植基叶绿素在失绿组织中含量的减少是由两方面因素造成的,其一是叶绿素合成过程中原脱植基叶绿素合成之前的某一步过程反应受阻;其二是原脱植基叶绿素向叶绿素转化的过程是正常进行的。 对1103s叶绿体内部的超微结构观察表明:1.控制叶绿素缺失性状的是一多效基因。该基因在特定温度条件下表达时,不仅影响到叶绿体的发育,也对细胞质中的其他细胞器产生重要的影响,其结果是细胞质中的高度有序的内膜系统被大量形状不规则的泡状结构所取代。放大后发现,这类泡状结构由(1)线粒体(2)功能未知的泡状结构I,其内部含颗粒状物质泡结构被膜内还有数层不连续的膜残片(3)功能未知的泡状结构II,其内部含大颗粒状物质。2.该突变体表达失绿和复绿过程中,叶绿体内部膜结构的变化伴随叶绿素含量的变化也有退脂和恢复的过程,但与已报道的其他突体有两个明显的不同:首先,在退化细胞的叶绿体内未观察到前片层体的存在。前片层体是叶绿体发育过程中黄化体阶段常见的非常明显的特殊结构,在电镜下为有规律的晶格状结构。已有研究表明,前片层体的形成与原脱植基叶绿素的积累有密切关系。与组培白化苗中检测到的结果不同,失绿组织中原脱植基叶绿素的含量不但没有积累,反而少于绿色组织中的含量,而造成该突变体在失绿过程中质体内无前片层体形成。其次,1103s在叶绿体退化过程中类囊体膜的变化不同于其化温敏的转绿型叶绿素突变体,尤其是在失绿过程中,其类囊体膜不是以直接解体的方式减少而是以单类囊体膜紧靠为主要特征。 对野生型 8902s与1103s类囊体膜结构的冰冻蚀刻分析表明,1103s失绿叶片上的失绿组织和绿色组织中,EFs面的大颗粒结构均异常。其异常之处表现在每个颗粒明显解离成两个亚单位(上面观),而在野生型8902s中则无上述现象出现。亚单位的解离程度在失绿组织中更明显。有间接证据研究表明,EFs面上的大颗粒代表PS II。如果该推论正确,那么失绿叶片的失绿组织和绿色组织中,PS II都可能是异常的。 另外,通过对失绿组织和绿色组织全叶蛋白双向电泳图谱的比较,得到了一个特异缺失的叶蛋白组分,该蛋白的分子量为51kd。此蛋白在失绿叶片上的失绿组织和绿色组织之间存在组织差异性。通过对该蛋白在不同温度处理和不同遗传背景下的变化规律分析,发现该蛋白是一存在于许多水稻品系叶片中的高含量组分,此蛋白表达本身不受变温诱导过程的影响,而是受另一感温过程的调控。初步分析表明该蛋白为一失绿相关蛋白。 综上所述,1103s所具有的失绿和复绿特性是核基因多效表达的结果,有一感温过程调控下游蛋白表达的复杂过程。此外,该突变特性很可能与PS II的结构异常有关。

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近年来作物杂种优势利用的研究取得了很大的进展,杂交种的应用带来了巨大的经济效益。作物杂种的生产通常借助于雄性不育系。但是某些植物雄性不育形成的分子机理尚未搞清,不育基因的结构与功能以及不育基因在表达过程中一系列的基因与蛋白质的相互作用有待揭晓。 显性雄性核不育小麦(太谷核不育小麦)是我国特有的显性雄性核不育无花粉型材料,其不育性是由显性单基因Ms2控制的。本论文以显性雄性核不育小麦不育株和可育株近基因系为材料,应用单向电泳(SDS-PAGE)和双向电泳(IEF/SDS-PAGE)方法,分析了不育株和可育株不同器官(种子、旗叶、幼穗及花药)的蛋白质组成。通过研究发现两者之间在蛋质组成上存在一些异同点。在胚乳和旗叶中,未发现不育株和可育株两者之间的蛋白质组成存在明显的差异。在外于减数分裂时期的幼穗和花药中,不育株和可育株之间蛋白质组成上有明显差异。与可育株相比,不育株缺少分子量分别为15.8kD、17kD、17.8kD、38kD、81.2kD的5个碱性蛋白质。另外,还发现不育株增加了一个16.2kD的低分子量酸性蛋白质。在某些特定分子量的蛋白质中,虽然两者都存在该蛋白质,但是在含量上有着明显的不同,可育株含量比不育株高。这些蛋白质组成的变化成为不育株的重要特征。本文首次报告了显性雄性核不育小麦不育株与近等基因系可育株不同器官中蛋白质组成的区别。本研究结果在蛋白质水平上证实了花器官是雄性败育基因表达的主要器官,Ms的表达具有较强的时间性和空间性。 本论文还对双向电泳方法进行了一些探讨。

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本文以复苏植物牛耳草Boea hygrometrica成熟植株的离体叶片为试材,对比非复苏植物烟叶唇苣苔Chirita heterotricha, 以光合作用在脱水-复水过程中的变化为切入点,从生理水平上探讨其脱水保护位点:应用mRNA差异显示技术,从分子水平上探讨其脱水保护机制。 光合放氧速率、快速荧光诱导动力学、慢速荧光诱导动力学、荧光发射光谱、荧光激发谱的结果表明,相对于烟叶唇柱苣苔,脱水对牛耳草净光合速率、PS II和PS I光化学活性、电子传递、光合磷酸化及CO_2固定的影响有一个共同的特点,即脱水时迅速降低,复水后恢复能力强。通过非变性绿胶的研究牛耳草叶片类囊体膜叶绿素-蛋白复合体在脱水-复水过程中保持高度稳定。色素含量分析表明牛耳草的叶绿素含量在脱水-复水过程中也相对稳定。这些特征可能是牛耳草叶片光合作用脱水保护机制的一部分。 SDS-PAGE和IEF电泳结果表明,牛耳草脱水复苏过程中蛋白质表达有差异,或增或减,并分别发现了一条(SDS-PAGE)和两条(IEF)在脱水过程中特异出现的蛋白质。 本文以银染法代替放射自显影用于mRNA差异显示,不但简化了实验步骤,缩短了实验周期,而且在不降低灵敏度的前提下避免了放射性危害,降低了实验成本。本文证明了mRNA差异银染显示法用于复苏植物牛耳草脱水-复水过程中基因表达变化的研究是可行的。 mRNA差异银染显示法揭示牛耳草耐脱水复苏机制涉及到基因表达的调控。脱水-复水过程中差异表达的基因有6种,其中脱水特异诱导表达的13个cDNA所相应的基因、脱水上调节的15个cDNA所相应的基因可能参与牛耳草叶片脱水保护机制,复水特异诱导的8个cDNA的所相应基因可能参与牛耳草复水后的修复机制。2个脱水特异诱导表达的cDNA片段进行了克隆和测序。