渔塘坝微景观中硒的高硒成因探讨

渔塘坝北部山区地势较高的富硒碳质岩层,相对封闭地势较低的山间盆地,以及二者之间的两条山沟共同构成了一个相对比较封闭的高硒微域地球化学景观。其北部茅口组富硒碳质岩石的平均硒含量为1 251. 1 ±1 218. 8μg ·g - 1 ,是渔塘坝出露地层中最为富硒的。这些富硒岩石为渔塘坝中的土壤和植物提供了硒的间接来源,而导致渔塘坝高硒景观的形成,除了地形、气候因素之外,主要是当地居民活动直接干预的结果,特别是田地以火土(石煤熏土) 施肥改良土壤。因此,如果说渔塘坝北部富硒碳质岩层的存在是高硒区形成的必然条件,那么人为的开挖“石煤”和不当的耕种方式则为硒的迁移和转化提供了充分条件。无论是自然或后生形成的高硒区,当硒的累积达到一定程度并突然释放时,硒中毒仍然可以发生。所以,恩施的高硒地区依然是硒中毒可能发生的高风险区。

贵阳地区雨水化学与Sr同位素地球化学

对贵阳地区22个雨水样品的化学组成和Sr同位素的研究表明，贵阳地区大部分雨水样品的pH值小于5．6(pH=4．53)．雨水中Ca^2+是最主要的阳离子，平均值为57μmol·l^-1(12-164μmol·l^-1)，占阳离子组成的64％-87％；Mg^2+是次要的阳离子，平均值为13μmol·l^-1(5—4μmol·l^-1)，Ca^2+和Mg^2+之和占了阳离子组成的78％-96％；K^+平均值为11μmol·l^-1(2—44μmol·l^-1)；Na^+最少，其平均值为4μmol·l^-1(1—8μmol·l^-1)．SO4^2-是最主要的阴离子，平均值为941μmol·l^-1(34—279μmol·l^-1)，占阴离子组成的28％-94％；NO3^-是次要的阴离子，平均值为48μmol·l^-1(1-252μmol·l^-1)，SO4^2-和NO3^-是决定雨水酸度最主要的离子，SO4^2=和NO3^-之和占阴离子组成的77％-99％；Cl^-最少，平均值为20μmol·l^1(1—128μmol·l^-1)．贵阳地区雨水中Sr的浓度为0．02-O．33μmol·l^-1，^87Sr／^86Sr比值较小(0．707934-0．709080)，非海盐来源的^87Sr／^86Sr比值为0．707820-0．709078．元素比值及Sr同位素组成辨识出贵阳地区雨水溶质主要来源于人为活动，岩石／土壤化学风化次之，海相输入很小或可以忽略不计．

贵州铝土矿中镓和锗的综合利用前景初探

镓和锗是价格昂贵的稀有金属，国际市场价格镓为400美元／kg，锗为1150美元／kg。它们在工业有着广泛的运用，是仅次于硅的半导体金属材料，主要用于光电器件元件、通讯材料、太阳能电池材料、高速集成电路、超导材料、光学镜头、医药和有机合成中的催化剂等方面，被誉为“电子工业的新食粮”，其应用前景十分广阔。

北京中小学生创造性思维的发展以及十三年前后之比较

This study investigated the major characteristics of creative thinking development for the school children in Beijing with paper/pencil tests. The “Creative Thinking Test” was executed. The representative samples were two groups of students who came from the classes in 3rd-grade to 12th-grade of normal schools in Beijing. The classes were selected at random, one grade one class. One group is composed of 387 students (218 males, 169 females) in 1993, the other is composed of 420 students (181 males, 239 females) in 2006. According to the data analysis, the major characteristics and the changes over the 13 years of the development of creative thinking for student were explored and discussed. 1) The development trends of three types of creative thinking were all flexuous increase with grade moving up. The mean score of elementary school students was the lowest. And scores of junior high school students and senior high school students were significant higher than elementary school students’. 2) The most rapid increase occurred from the 5th grade to 6th grade. 3) Slumps occurred in the 7th grade in PNE curve and also in the 9th and 12th grades in TPC curves. There was no slump in FGA curve. 4) The girl’s scores in PNE and TPC tests were significant better than boys’. No obvious gender difference was found in FGA test. 5) The scores of three creative thinking tests in 2006 were all better than those in 1993. Separately, the scores of FGA and TPC tests in 2006 were significant higher than the corresponding scores in 1993, and no significant difference was found in two PNE tests. 6) There was no significant difference in the maximum scores of the three creative thinking tests between 2006 and 1993. 7) The most rapid developing period of three types of creative thinking in 2006 were the 5th grade and the 6th grade. The same period in 1993 was from the 7th grade to 9th grade. 8) In 1993, there is no significant gender difference for each creative thinking test. In 2006, PNE and TPC results had remarkable gender difference that girls were higher than boys. No significant gender difference was found in FGA tests.

Synthesis and catalytic reactivity of MCM-22/ZSM-35 composites for olefin aromatization

A series of MCM-22/ZSM-35 composites has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by XRD, SEM, particle size distribution analysis, N-2 adsorption and NH3-TPD techniques. Pulse and continuous flow reactions were carried out to evaluate the catalytic performances of these composites in aromatization of olefins, respectively. It was found that MCM-22/ZSM-35 composites could be rapidly crystallized at 174 degrees C with an optimal gel composition of SiO2/Al2O3=25, Na2O/SiO2=0.11, HMI/SiO2=0.35, and H2O/SiO2=45 (molar ratio), of which the weight ratio of ZSM-35 zeolite in the composite relied on the crystallization time. The coexistence of MCM-22 and ZSM-35 in the composite (MCM-22/ZSM-35=45/55 wt/wt) was observed to exert a notable synergistic effect on the aromatization ability for butene conversion and FCC gasoline updating, possibly due to the intergrowth of some MCM-22 and ZSM-35 layers.