Comparative Study on Antioxidant Systems of Polygonum Viviparum Grown at Two Different Altitudes

Study on the antioxidant systems of Polygonum viviparumgrown at two different altitudes indicated plants grown at Haibei Research Station at 3200 m altitude as compared with plants grown in Xining at 2300 m altitude had apparently higher contents of ultroviolet-absorbing compounds and ascorbic acid, and significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbic peroxidase. Higher contents of superoxide radical anions and malonadehyde were also found in plants at Haibei Research Station as compared with the plants grown in Xining which have been transplanted from Haibei Research Station for at least four years. The differences in antioxidant system reflect a long term of time of adaptation to different environments.

青海柴达木地区植物白刺叶中微量元素特征

青海柴达木地区分布有丰富的白刺植物资源。利用220FS原子吸收光谱仪分析了该地区三种白刺叶中的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cr、Ni、Cd等微量元素，结果表明，铬、锰含量显著提增高是青海柴达木地区植物白刺叶资源的微量元素特征，这为柴达木地区白刺叶资源的开发利用提供科学依据。

藏药牦牛骨主要矿物质元素及其特征

采用220FS原子吸收光谱仪测定了传统藏药牦牛骨中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd等12种矿物质元素含量。结果显示，藏药牦牛骨中含有丰富的矿物质元素，对儿童和青少年骨骼的生长发育，中老年骨质疏松症预防有着极为重要的营养学和治疗意义，开发前景广阔。

青海高原地木耳中微量元素分析及特征

青海民间称为山珍的地木耳, 具有清热解毒、凉血明目营养保健功效, 是一种天然的绿色营养保健食品。文中采用美国Varian - 220 FS 原子吸收光谱仪, HYD - 2 型氢化物原子荧光光谱仪测定了青海高原地木耳中Cu 、Zn 、Fe 、Mn 、Co 、Se 等6 种微量元素, 为科学地开发利用青海高原地木耳食物资源提供一些基础资料和科学依据

红珍珠降糖胶囊中微量元素营养研究

红珍珠降糖胶囊是具有显著降低血糖水平, 促进糖尿病患者康复的绿色营养保健食品。通过红珍珠降糖胶囊中Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg 等微量元素的分析测试以及与青海小麦、膳食日摄取量等对比研究, 表明红珍珠降糖胶囊富含涉及糖尿病的微量元素, 在降低血糖水平方面具有十分重要的营养学、功效学作用和意义。

高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔骨骼无机化学成分的研究II.必需微量元素

本文报道了高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔整体骨骼及头骨、脊柱骨和下肢骨中Cu、Zn、Fe、M n、Co、N i、Mo、Cr、T i、F、Se 和Ge12种必需微量元素的含量, 并进行了显著性差异和相关性分析。结果表明: 只有Cu 的含量在两种动物骨骼中没有显著性差异(P > 0.05) , 其余11种元素均有显著性或极显著性差异(P < 0.05或P < 0.01) , 其中Zn、Fe、M n、Co、N i、Mo、F 和Se 的含量, 高原鼢鼠> 高原鼠兔, 而Cr、T i 和Ge 的含量, 高原鼠兔> 高原鼢鼠。微量元素在头骨、脊柱骨和下肢骨中分布很不均衡, 以头骨的微量元素最为丰富。

Effects of La3+ on the active oxygen-scavenging enzyme activities in cucumber seedling leaves

The effects of La3+ on the antioxidant enzyme activities and the relative indices of cellular damage in cucumber seedling leaves were studied. When cucumber seedlings were treated with low concentrations of LaCl3 (0.002 and 0.02 mM), peroxidase (PO) activity increased, and catalase (CAT) activity was similar to that of control leaves at 0.002 mM La3+ and increased at 0.02 mM La3+, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity did not change significantly. The increase in the contents of chlorophyll (including chlorophylls a and b), carotenoids in parallel with the decrease in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) suggested that low concentration of La3+ promoted plant growth. However, except the increase in SOD activity at 2 mM La3+, CAT and PO activities and the contents of pigments decreased at high concentrations of La3+ (0.2 and 2 mM), leading to the increase of MDA content and the inhibition of plant growth. It is suggested that lanthanum ion is involved in the regulation of active oxygen-scavenging enzyme activities during plant growth.

Effects of hypoxia on contents of essential elements in pika and rat heart

The effects of hypoxia on the levels of essential macroelements and trace elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in the heart muscles of Wistar rats and plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry. Unlike the rat, the plateau pika is tolerant to hypoxia. The levels of K, Na, and the trace element Mn were not significantly changed in rat or pika hearts after exposure to hypoxia for 1, 10, or 25 d at simulated altitudes of 5000 and 7000 m. Other minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe) were significantly affected by hypoxia and the levels followed different time-courses under different hypoxic regimes in these two animals. There were marked differences between the rat and pika in myocardial accumulation of essential elements such as Ca, which was increased to high levels in the rat but not affected in the pika. The results suggest that hypoxia affects animal physiological mechanisms by regulating the levels of essential elements.

阿尔泰南缘侧向增生过程中的VMS矿床：地质、地球化学特征与成矿机制

The Chinese Altai is one of the most important volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit districts in China. All orebodies were lenticular or bedded and stratabounded by a suite of early Devonian volcanic-sedimentary rocks. Hydrothermal feeder zones developed under some of the orebodies. All the ores are massive or laminated, and show typical characteristics of VMS deposit. Based on the mineralizing time and the metal assembles, we divide 3 metallogenic stages: 1, Fe orefroming stage associated with basaltic and sedimentary rocks during very early Devonian; 2, Cu-Pb-Zn oreforming stage associated with rhyolitic and sedimentary rocks during early Devonian; 3， Cu-Zn oreforming stage in the dacitic and basaltic rocks during mid. Devonian. The hosting rocks for all orebodies are different, but they show very similar geochemical and isotopic characteristics. All the felsic rocks show enriched lighted rare earth elements (REE) patterns (La/Yb>5), and with an obvious Eu negative anomalies (Eu/Eu*<0.6). In the meanwhile, all the mafic rocks show flat REE pattern and no Eu anomalies. The Ashele basalt show an apparent Ce negative anomalies (Ce/Ce* <0.76), All the volcanic roks in Chinese Altai show the decoupled property between the high field strength elements (HFSE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE). The negative Nb, Ta characteristics with respect to adjacent elements indicate that subduction-modified source. The Nd(t) of the hosting rocks for all orebodies changed in a small range (-1.5~5), and the (87Sr/86Sr)i change in a big range. The initial Sr value of the hosting rocks in Mengku and Tiemuerte are obviously affected by the seawater (0.705~0.710), and initial Sr values of hosting rocks Ashele change in a small range (0.704~0.706). All Sr-Nd isotopes of ores have the same range with the hosting rocks, indicating that both the ores and volcanic rocks have the same island arc source. The mean sulfur isotopes of sulfides from Ashele and Mengku are 6.2‰ and 3.4‰, respectively, indicating a deep magmatic source. However, the sulfur isotopes of sulfides from Keketale, Tiemuerte and Keyinbulake changed in -15.8‰~9.9‰, -23.5‰~1.87‰, -8.3‰~1.6‰, respectively. And the big sulfur isotope range indicated that the sulfur of the ores was a combination biogenic and magmatic source. All volcanic rocks from the VMS deposits in the southern Chinese Altai show a typical subduction related environments. Based on the regional and locally geological evidence, here we propose that the southern Chinese Altai is an island arc system, and all VMS deposits formed during the lateral accretion process. No VMS deposit formed during the formation of the island arc during Silurian; Fe VMS deposit formed during the beginning of the opening of the backarc basin in very early Devonian; Cu-Pb-Zn VMS deposits formed during the mature stage of the backarc basin in early Devonian; at last the Cu-Zn VMS deposit formed during the rifted stage of the island arc itself.

铜锌同位素方法在环境地球化学研究中的应用

近年来，随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱 (MC-ICP-MS)逐渐应用，过渡族金属(Cu，Zn 和Fe 等)同位素测试方法逐渐成熟，测定精度可达0.04‰，使得铜锌铁等同位素地球化学研究成为近年来国际地学研究领域的热点。本文对铜锌同位素的测试方法、分馏机理及其在环境地球化学研究领域的应用进行了较系统综述。

贵阳市红枫湖水体悬浮物中重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

研究了红枫湖水体中悬浮物重金属（Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb和Cd）的季节性和空间性污染特征，采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价了水体悬浮物中重金属的潜在生态危害。结果表明，重金属随着季节和空间变化都较大；产生潜在生态危害的重金属主要是Cd和Pb，分别达强度生态危害水平和中度生态危害水平，Cu、Zn和Cr显示轻度危害水平；潜在生态危害综合指数RI=226．09，说明重金属污染已达到中度生态危害。红枫湖悬浮物重金属潜在生态危害指数的季节性变化顺序为二月〉六月〉四月〉十二月〉十月〉八月，空间变化顺序为化肥厂河〉麦包河〉猫跳河〉桃化源河〉后六河〉羊昌河〉北湖〉麻线河〉南湖。

几种萃取剂对土壤中重金属生物有效部分的萃取效果

采用6种萃取剂：pH=7的0.01mol/L CaCl2、pH＝7.3的0.005mol/L DTPA+0.1mol/L TEA(三乙醇胺）＋0.01mol/L CaCl2、0.1mol/L NaNO3、0.43mol/L HOAc、pH=7的0.05mol/L EDTA和pH=4.65的0.5mol/L NH4OAc+0.01mol/L EDTA浸取液，对污染土壤中的重金属Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的进行了萃取，并比较了萃取剂的萃取能力。实验结果表明，HOAc、EDTA以及NH4OAc－EDTA萃取各种重金属的能力远远大于其它几种萃取剂的萃取能力，是比较理想的萃取剂。

黔西南滥木厂铊矿化区河流沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态危害

黔西南滥木厂铊矿化区河流沉积物中重金属元素的含量很高,其环境污染和生态危害值得关注。本文采用地质累积指数( Igeo ) 和潜在生态危害指数(RI) 对重金属污染及其潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,滥木厂河流沉积物中重金属存在较强程度的污染,并具有较强程度的潜在生态危害。主要的污染元素为Tl 、As 和Cd ,而Cr 、Zn、Pb、Cu 基本上处于无污染或轻微污染的水平。河流沉积物重金属的污染在上游河段较下游河段严重。重金属平均潜在生态危害的排序为:矿山影响区Tl > Cd > As > Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn ;矿山未影响区Cd > Tl > Pb > Cr > As > Cu > Zn。

碳酸盐岩矿区河流沉积物中重金属的形态特征及潜在生态风险

黔西北土法炼锌及铅锌选矿厂对河流造成严重的重金属污染。河流沉积物中重金属的化学形态研究表明，同一采样点中不同重金属的形态分布和同一重金属在不同采样点中的形态分布均有较大差异。这可能与沉积物组分的不同亲和力，不同河段沉积物中粘土矿物、有机质、Fe-Mn氧化物含量的不同以及人为活动(生活污水、选矿剂、矿渣等)的加入等有关，而碳酸盐岩地质背景的河床本身可能也有较大影响。潜在生态危害指数法研究表明，沉积物中重金属表现出强生态风险性，产生生态危害的主要重金属污染物是Pb，其后依次是Cd、Cu和Zn。

贵州喀斯特山区植物营养元素含量特征

贵州喀斯特山区是我国乃至世界喀斯特分布面积最大的片区之一，由于其生态系统的脆弱性，加之人类活动的干扰，使得该区的植被退化较为严重。文章选择该区的12 种主要植物作为研究对象，对其营养元素进行了研究。结果表明：>1 000μg·g-1 的元素有N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S，100~1 000 μg·g-1 的元素有Fe、Mn、Al，10~100 μg·g-1 的元素有Zn、Sr，<10 μg·g-1的元素为Cu、Mo，其中Mo 含量最低，仅为0.17 μg·g-1。这些元素中，Ca、P、K 元素高于所报道的陆生植物的含量范围。元素含量特点是Ca>K>Mg 型。N、P、K、Mg 元素的频数分布为正态分布，Ca、Al、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sr、S 元素为对数正态分布。变异系数大于100%的元素有Al、Fe、Mn、Sr，变异系数小于60%的元素有N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Cu，其中Ca 的变异系数最小，仅为11.8%。不同生境下相同植物的营养元素含量有较大的差异，石灰土上植物的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Al、Cu、Mo 元素含量要高于黄壤上植物的。元素间的相关分析表明：P 和K、P 和Cu、Al 和Fe、Al 和Zn、Fe 和Zn 元素具有显著相关关系；N 和P、P 和Mg、K 和Al、K 和Cu、Ca 和Sr、S 和Mo 元素具有一般相关关系。