不同土壤颗粒组成在水蚀过程中的流失规律

研究结果表明 ,土壤有机质和全氮与 <1 0μm土壤颗粒相关系数分别为 0 .63 1 4和 0 .6750 ,与 <1 μm粘粒的相关系数分别达到 0 .72 54和 0 .73 2 9;有机质和全氮在泥沙中的富集现象主要由侵蚀泥沙 <1 μm粘粒富集造成 ;坡度与侵蚀泥沙粘粒、有机质和全氮的富集率的相关系数分别为 -0 .983 2、-0 .93 95和-0 .81 46。

Deformation mechanism of polystyrene toughened with sub-micrometer monodisperse rubber particles

Core-shell polybutadiene-graft-polystyrene (PB-g-PS) rubber particles with different ratios of polybutadiene to polystyrene were prepared by emulsion polymerization through grafting styrene onto polybutadiene latex. The weight ratio of polybutadiene to polystyrene ranged from 50/50 to 90/10. These core-shell rubber particles were then blended with polystyrene to prepare PS/PB-g-PS blends with a constant rubber content of 20 wt%. PB-g-PS particles with a lower PB/PS ratio (<= 570/30) form a homogeneous dispersion in the polystyrene matrix, and the Izod notched impact strength of these blends is higher than that of commercial high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). It is generally accepted that polystyrene can only be toughened effectively by 1-3 mu m rubber particles through a toughening mechanism of multiple crazings. However, the experimental results show that polystyrene can actually be toughened by monodisperse sub-micrometer rubber particles. Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface and stress-whitening zone of blends with a PB/PS ratio of 70/30 in PB-g-PS copolymer reveal a novel toughening mechanism of modified polystyrene, which may be shear yielding of the matrix, promoted by cavitation.

YP_(1-x)V_xO_4∶Eu~(3+)在真空紫外区发光的优化

系统地考查了Eu3 + 在YPO4 YVO4 固溶体中的发光。当V5+ 的浓度低于 0 3 ,出现VO4 3 -离子团的蓝色发射 ;直到V5+ 的浓度等于或大于 0 3时 ,VO4 3 -离子团的蓝色发射才被Eu3 + 离子的红色发射所猝灭 ,发射主波长在 61 9nm。在真空紫外线的激发下 ,Eu3 + 在YPO4 YVO4 固溶体有较强发光 ,并随着P5+ 浓度的增加 ,Eu3 + 离子的发光增强。经过优化的组成为YP0 7V0 3 O4 ∶Eu3 + 的荧光粉在真空紫外激发下既具有较强的发光 ,又具有优良的色纯度 ,将是一种新型的良好的等离子体平板显示用荧光粉。

Analysis of mussel standard reference material by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A method for the analysis of mussel standard reference material by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry( ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was developed. K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Al, Fe, Zn, Mn and Sr were determined by ICP-AES and As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, U and V by ICP-MS, The interference coefficients at the Mn-55, Se-78, Cu-63, Co-59, Ni-58, Ni-60, As-75, Se-77, V-51, Cr-53 and Cr-52 originating from polyatomic ion of the matrix elements (KO)-K-39-O-16, K-39(2), (ArNa)-Ar-40-Na-23, (CaO)-Ca-43-O-16, (CaO)-Ca-42-O-16, (CaO)-Ca-44-O-16, (PO2)-P-31-O-16, (ArCl)-Ar-40-Cl-35, (ArCl)-Ar-40-Cl-37, (ClO)-Cl-35-O-16, (ClO)-Cl-37-O-16 and (ArC)-Ar-40-C-12 were determined under the selected operation parameters. The major matrix elements, such as K, Na and Ca, result in the suppression of analytes signals. The apparent concentration at the significant biological element which was produced by the different digestion methods, (.) HNO3 + H2O2 (3 + 2), HNO3 + HClO4 (3 + 0.5) and HNO3 + H2SO4 (3 + 0.5),was determined. The sample digested by HNO3 + H2O2 did not give rise to interfere on the analyte, and the backgrounds of Se-77, Ga-69, Zn-67, As-75, V-51, Cr-53 and Cr-52 were increased by HNO3 + HClO4 digestion method, that affected the determination of these elements, especially the monoisotope As and V. Sample digested by HNO3 + H2SO4 increased the backgrounds at Cu-65, Zn-64 and Zn-67. Detection limits of ICP-AES are 0.001 similar to 0.75 mg/L and those of ICP-MS are 0.005 similar to 1.01 mu g/L. The relative standard derivations of ICP-AES and ICP-MS are 2.7% similar to 12.8%, 3.4% similar to 24.8%, respectively.

单态氧(1,0)~1Δ_g→~3∑_g~-近红外磷光的直接光谱观察

从光谱上直接观察了单态氧～1.07μm谱带。血卟啉、原卟啉、卟啉C和四氯四碘荧光素钠等含极性基团的光敏剂与非极性的四苯基卟吩在相同的溶剂中所产生的谱带形状有所不同,测量了β-胡萝卜素对单态氧的猝灭常数,与文献在1.27μm测得的数值一致。

Toxin-screening and identification of bacteria isolated from highly toxic marine gastropod Nassarius semiplicatus

Bacteria isolated from a highly toxic sample of gastropod Nassarius semiplicatus in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province in July 2007, were studied to probe into the relationship between bacteria and toxicity of nassariid gastropod. The toxicity of the gastropod sample was 2 x 10(2) mouse unit (MU) Per gram Of tissue (wet weight). High concentration of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogues (TTXs) were found in the digestive gland and muscle of the gastropod, using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass chromatography (LC-MS). Bacterial strains isolated from the digestive gland were cultured and screened for TTX with a competitive ELISA method. Tetrodotoxin was detected in a proportion of bacterial strains, but the toxin content was low. Partial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the TTX-producing strains was then sequenced and compared with those published in the GenBank to tentatively identify the toxic strains. It was found that most of the toxic strains were closely affiliated with genus Vibrio, and the others were related to genus Shewanella, Marinomonas, Tenacibaculum and Aeromonas. These findings suggest that tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria might play an important role in tetrodotoxin accumulation/production in N. semiplicatus. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characters of Surface Deformation and Surface Wave in Thermal Capillary Convection

In the field of fluid mechanics, free surface phenomena is one of the most important physical processes. In the present research work, the surface deformation and surface wave caused by temperature difference of sidewalls in a rectangular cavity have been investigated. The horizontal cross-section of the container is 52 mmx42 mm, and there is a silicon oil layer of height 3.5 mm in the experimental cavity. Temperature difference between the two side walls of the cavity is increased gradually, and the flow on the liquid layer will develop from stable convection to un-stable convection. An optical diagnostic system consisting of a modified Michelson interferometer and image processor has been developed for study of the surface deformation and surface wave of thermal capillary convection. The Fourier transformation method is used to interferometer fringe analysis. The quantitative results of surface deformation and surface wave have been calculated from a serial of the interference fringe patterns.The characters of surface deformation and surface wave have been obtained. They are related with temperature gradient and surface tension. Surface deformation is fluctuant with time, which shows the character of surface wave. The cycle period of the wave is 4.8 s, and the amplitudes are from 0 to 0.55 mu m. The phase of the wave near the cool side of the cavity is opposite and correlative to that near the hot side. The present experiment proves that the surface wave of thermal capillary convection exists on liquid free surface, and it is wrapped in surface deformation.

激光诱导放电打孔实验研究=The Experimental Study of Laser Guiding Discharge Boring Hole

研究在空气中使用1.06#mu#m YAG激光诱导放电打孔的方法。在不同的放电脉宽下进行激光诱导放电打孔的实验,比较了激光打孔和激光诱导放电打孔两种方法,指出了激光诱导放电打孔的优点。

弹道靶的一些发射技术

<正> 弹道靶设备是开展高速碰撞、气动力和气动物理现象研究的重要实验手段.由于比风洞和击波管等设备有它特殊的优点,所以五十年代末六十年代初,当它在高超音速领域中初露

一个数学红细胞

<正> 红细胞几何形状是一个历史较久的基本研究题目。由于观测方法的改进,目前它的真实面貌已经比较清楚地被揭示了出来。在此基

从流体力学看水輪的效率与改进的措施

目前农村低水头小型动力站及水电站可能用的水力机械有贯流式水輪机、立軸式水輪机及水輪三种型式。其中水輪的突出优点是簡单实用,一般人认为水輪的效率低,因此新建的小型电站和动力站都不再采用水輪。我們认为采取必要的改进措施后,它的效率可以大为提高,特别在微水头大流量的条件下,水輸的效率可能大于其他两种水輪机。因此在目前我国农村中,仍有意义。 水輸的流体动力損失主要是漏水,減小水轮与地面的間隙或采用防漏措施,便可大大減小漏水损失;其次是出口动能损失,采用本文所提出的利用渠道收回动能的办法,可減少这类损失;再其次是进口冲击損失,減小水貭点对于水輪的相对速度,便能減小这类损失;最后是水力摩阻损失,采取这些办法后,它的效率就大为提高。中冲式水輪的效率可高于75％,我們认为这个数字是現实的。

The mechanism of pattern selection in coupled map lattices

The pattern selection of one-dimensional coupled map lattices is studied in this paper. It is shown by spatiotemporal variable separation that there exists a threshold wavelength in pattern selection which possesses wave-like structures in space and periodic chaotic motion in time.

离子钨钼共渗的表观过程

结果表明,在形成沉积层时,由于离子轰击作用已不存在,使渗层厚度减少26%,用朗谬尔探针对双层辉光离子钨钼共渗过程进行了等离子体的诊断,等离子体对表面成分有较大影响.合理的等离子体密度范围为5×10~(11)～3×10~(12)cm~(-3).

模拟微重力条件下分散体系的聚集速率

设计了地面实验，单因素地测量了沉降和对流对分散体系聚集速率的影响。本工作富有新意的要点如下：1。用浓度比例法和空白对照实验，验证了浊度法测量聚集速率的有效性。又用显微成象分析进一步做了旁证。2。对直径为1μm和2μm的聚苯乙烯胶乳球，应用密度匹配法检查重力引起的沉降对聚集的影响，所得结果显示，重力引起的沉降会减慢聚集速率，但幅度不大。对1μm和2μm的胶乳球，分别减小7%和11%，即随粒径的增加，沉降的影响有变大的趋势。3。为了在较长时间（1小时）内在样品池中建立并保持稳定微对流（小到5μm/s），需要在样品池两边保持稳定的微小温度差（小到0.1 ℃），这个技术困难得到成功的解决。配合我们研制的显微放大设施，使我们能单因素地研究微对流对聚集过程影响成为可能。4。采用在测量聚集速率的同时，控制并监视对流的办法。发现微对流会减慢聚集过程，而稍快的小对流有加速聚集过程的趋势。但幅度都很小。我们的实验事实不支持荷兰科学家推测的对流会急剧减慢分散体系的聚集过程。