腐植酸成就三十年祝词

<正>腐植酸是土壤肥力的挚友。腐植酸进入于食物链,让土壤更肥沃,让食物更安全,让生活更美好。腐植酸的羧基、酚羟基、醌基等活性基团,决定了腐植酸具有弱酸性、亲水性、离子

腐植酸多元复合肥的效应研究

本文是作者1992—1995年腐植酸多元复合肥的效应研究部分内容。系针对玉米、小麦需肥特点和土壤养分概况,通过多点田间试验筛选出腐植酸多元复合肥的最佳配方。试验结果表明:该肥料具有速效性和长效性,养分元素利用率高,小麦、玉米等作物可实现年周期一次投肥,节省工时,减少田间作业环节,节肥效果显著。能协调养分,培肥地力,作物生长发育增强,明显改善了作物构成因素,由于根系发达,长势稳健,抗逆性明显提高,小麦品质得到了改善。该肥料比习惯施肥,等养分无机复合肥均有显著的增产效果。比习惯施肥亩增产26％,比等养分无机复合肥增产11.76％,经济效益高,明显好于其它肥料。该肥料宜作基肥施用,苗期不必追肥。本文还讨论了该肥料对土壤肥力的影响。

钆对费氏中华根瘤菌抑制效应的蛋白质组分析

运用双向凝胶电泳和MALDI-TOF质谱技术,分析了Gd3+对费氏中华根瘤菌USDA 205的抑制效应。结果表明,经1 mmol.L-1Gd3+处理12 h后,22个蛋白质表达量有显著变化,其中13个蛋白质表达量增加,9个蛋白质表达量下降。这些蛋白质可根据功能分为8类,包括转运蛋白、胁迫相关蛋白、代谢相关蛋白等。

On-line voltammetric monitoring of dissolved Cu and Ni in the Gulf of Cadiz, south-west Spain

Geochemical processes in estuarine and coastal waters often occur on temporally and spatially small scales, resulting in variability of metal speciation and dissolved concentrations. Thus, surveys, which are aimed to improve our understanding of metal behaviour in such systems, benefit from high-resolution, interactive sampling campaigns. The present paper discusses a high-resolution approach to coastal monitoring, with the application of an automated voltammetric metal analyser for on-line measurements of dissolved trace metals in the Gulf of Cadiz, south-west Spain. This coastal sea receives metal-rich inputs from a metalliferous mining area, mainly via the Huelva estuary. On-line measurements of dissolved Cu, Zn, Ni and Co were carried out on-board ship during an eight-day sampling campaign in the study area in June 1997. A pumping system operated continuously underway and provided sampled water from a depth of ca. 4 m. Total dissolved metal concentrations measured on-line in the Gulf of Cadiz ranged between <5 nM Cu (<3 nM Ni) ca. 50 km off-shore and 60–90 nM Cu (5–13 nM Ni) in the vicinity of the Huelva estuary. The survey revealed steep gradients and strong tidal variability in the dissolved metal plume extending from the Huelva estuary into the Gulf of Cadiz. Further on-line measurements were carried out with the automatic metal monitor from the bank of the Odiel estuary over a full tidal cycle, at dissolved metal concentrations in the μM range. The application confirmed the suitability of the automated metal monitor for coastal sampling, and demonstrated its adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions in the dynamic waters of estuaries and coastal seas. The near-real time acquisition of dissolved metal concentrations at high resolution enabled an interactive sampling campaign and therefore the close investigation of tidal variability in the development of the Huelva estuary metal plume.

The Development of a Marine Natural Product-based Antifouling Paint

Problems with tin and copper antifouling compounds have highlighted the need to develop new environmentally friendly antifouling coatings. Bacteria isolated from living surfaces in the marine environment are a promising source of natural antifouling compounds. Four isolates were used to produce extracts that were formulated into ten waterbased paints. All but one of the paints showed activity against a test panel of fouling bacteria. Five of the paints were further tested for their ability to inhibit the settlement of barnacle larvae, Balanus amphitrite, and algal spores of Ulva lactuca, and for their ability to inhibit the growth of U. lactuca. Two paints caused a significant decrease in the number of settled barnacles. One paint containing extract of Pseudomonas sp. strain NUDMB50-11, showed excellent activity in all assays. The antifouling chemicals responsible for the activity of the extract were isolated, using bioassay guided fractionation, and their chemical structures determined.

内蒙古包头市水环境污染问题及其治理研究

包头市是我国北方干旱地区的重要工业城市,市区占地面积大,人口多,工业企业密集,工业污水及生活污水排放量都很大,造成了市区及其周边地区水环境的严重污染。本文分析了该市水环境的主要污染源、污染物及其污染现状,讨论了本市水环境污染严重的主要原因,并探讨了相应的治理对策。

基于RS和GIS的纸坊沟流域土地利用动态监测及分析

以纸坊沟流域多年土地利用监测数据为基础 ,对其结果进行分析和讨论。结果表明 ,到 1 999年底 ,农业、林业、牧业用地面积比例分别为 1 6.9%、34.0 %、36.8%。人均基本农田由 1 975年 0 .0 5 4 7hm2 ,增到 1 999年的 0 .2 0 33hm2 ,坡耕地大幅度减少 ,粮食平均产量也由 1 975年的 5 61 kg/hm2 ,增到 1 999年的 2 31 9kg/hm2 ,流域林草有效覆盖率达到 5 7.4% ,植物种类和数量得到增加。走上了农林牧协调发展和生态环境良性循环的轨道

水肥耦合与半干旱区农业可持续发展

半干旱地区农业要实现持续发展 ,必须对土地资源进行合理保护和充分利用 ,为达到目的必须研究水肥耦合效应。本文讨论了半干旱地区可持续农业的限制因素、旱地农业肥水关系、水肥耦合的研究现状以及水肥耦合研究对我国的重要意义

乙草胺、铜污染共存对土壤甲胺磷蚯蚓降解过程的影响研究

为揭示利用蚯蚓活动强化甲胺磷降解的可行性,采用了微宇宙培养方法,通过有蚯蚓和无蚯蚓的对比实验,考察了乙草胺和铜分别与甲胺磷共存条件下污染黑土中甲胺磷降解过程的动态变化.结果表明,无论是否加入蚯蚓,甲胺磷单一污染的土壤中甲胺磷的降解符合一级反应动力学规律;蚯蚓活动能促进甲胺磷降解过程的进行.土壤中乙草胺或铜与甲胺磷共存时,均明显地干扰了甲胺磷降解过程随时间的动态变化;根据化学结构分析,推测两者对甲胺磷降解规律的影响机制可能类似.铜与甲胺磷复合污染的土壤中甲胺磷含量明显高于乙草胺与甲胺磷复合组,说明铜较乙草胺对土壤甲胺磷降解过程的延缓作用更强.

A new method for studying the interaction between chlorpromazine and phospholipid bilayer

The spectroscopic and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of interaction between chlorpromazine (CPZ) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) bilayer by using gold nanoparticles (AuN-Ps) as probes are reported. The DMPG bilayer-protected AuNPs were prepared by a simple one-step method. The DMPG bilayer tethered on the AuNPs was considered as a biomembrane model. The addition of CPZ affected the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and morphology of the prepared AuNPs, and this effect was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM.

快速凝固 Ti-Zr-Ni 合金的电化学贮氢性能

采用铜辊快速凝固方法制备了Ti45Zr30Ni25和Ti50Zr25Ni25合金,并对合金作为镍-氢二次电池负极的动力学和电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,Ti45Zr30Ni25为非晶相合金,Ti50Zr25Ni25合金由准晶相和非晶相组成。两合金电极的最大放电容量分别为129和132mAh/g。在240mA/g电流密度下,高倍率放电性能(HRD)分别为62.7%和63.3%。合金电极的交换电流密度分别为205.1和375.6mA/g,氢在合金中的扩散系数分别为5.4×10-11和5.8×10-11cm2·s-1

米托蒽醌与双链及三链核酸相互作用的电喷雾质谱研究

The interaction of mitoxantrone (MXT) with duplex and triplex DNA, contain repeating sequence CTCT, CCTT and CTT were studied by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS). The 1:3 specific complexes of mitoxantrone and duplex DNA and 1:2 specific complexes of mitoxantrone and triplex DNA were observed. The results show that mitoxantrone has no remarkable sequence selectivity, however it has distinct structure selectivity, and destabilization the triplex.