193 resultados para ddc: 510


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采用多速粘度计和Monsanto试验机联用,在表观剪切速率为3×10~(-8)—2.5×10~8s~(-1)时观察了高1,2-聚丁二烯(PB)生胶与顺式1,4-PB,EPDM,SBR 1500在流变性质上的差异。高1,2-PB虽在中等剪切速率下有较高的粘度,但在低、高剪切速率时的粘度均较低,这一特性有利于它的加工。高1,2-PB在低剪切速率下的流动活化能较其他橡胶高,故抗冷流性能优越,易于存放。

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电化学法制备的导电性聚噻吩修饰玻璃碳电极可作为一种新型广谱响应的电位传感器。对所研究的二十余种常见电解质溶液,电位-浓度对数,特别是电位-溶液电导对数有良好的线性关系,后者线性范围达5~5×10~4μS/cm(相当于1×10~(-5)~1mol/L浓度范围)。该电极易于制备,响应快,稳定性好。结合电极暂态电位响应行为,初步探讨了电极响应机制。

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Edwardsiella tarda is a severe aquaculture pathogen that can infect many important fish species cultured worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaccine potential of an E. tarda antigen, Eta21, which was identified from a pathogenic E. tarda strain via the method of in vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT). Eta21 is 510-amino acid in length and shares similar to 58% sequence identity with a putative peptidase of several bacterial species. eta21 was subcloned into Escherichia colt, and recombinant Eta21 was purified as a histidine-tagged protein. When used as a subunit vaccine, purified recombinant Eta21 was effective against lethal E. tarda challenge in a Japanese flounder model. In order to improve the immunoprotective efficacy of Eta21, the chimera AgaV-Eta21 was constructed, which consists of Eta21 fused in-frame to the secretion domain of AgaV, an extracellular beta-agarase. E. coli DH5 alpha harboring plasmid pTAET21, which constitutively expresses agaV-eta21, was able to produce and secret AgaV-Eta21 into the extracellular milieu. Vaccination of Japanese flounder with live DH5 alpha/pTAET21 elicited immunoprotection that is significantly higher in level than that induced by vaccination with purified recombinant Eta21. Vaccination with DH5 alpha/pTAET21 and recombinant Eta21 both induced the production of specific serum antibodies at four to eight weeks post-vaccination. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Eta21, especially that delivered by DH5 alpha/pTAET21, is an effective vaccine candidate against E. tarda infection. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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A homologue of the lower vertebrates translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was cloned from the marine fish Japanese sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) by the technology of homology cloning. The full-length cDNA sequence of the sea perch TCTP gene contained a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 47 bp, a 3' UTR of 433 bp, and a putative open reading frame (ORF) of 510 bp encoding a polypeptide of 170 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the sea perch TCTP gene showed a high similarity to that of zebrafish, rohu, rabbit, chicken and human. Sequence analysis revealed there were a signature sequence of TCTP family, an N-glycosylation site, and five Casein kinase phosphorylation sites in the sea perch TCTP. The temporal expression of TCTP genes in healthy and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged fishes was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The results indicated that LPS could up-regulate the expression of sea perch TCTP in the examined tissues, including head-kidney, spleen and liver.

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Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis is used in this study to generate main eigenvector fields of historical temperature for the China Seas (here referring to Chinese marine territories) and adjacent waters from 1930 to 2002 (510 143 profiles). A good temperature profile is reconstructed based on several subsurface in situ temperature observations and the thermocline was estimated using the model. The results show that: 1) For the study area, the former four principal components can explain 95% of the overall variance, and the vertical distribution of temperature is most stable using the in situ temperature observations near the surface. 2) The model verifications based on the observed CTD data from the East China Sea (ECS), South China Sea (SCS) and the areas around Taiwan Island show that the reconstructed profiles have high correlation with the observed ones with the confidence level > 95%, especially to describe the characteristics of the thermocline well. The average errors between the reconstructed and observed profiles in these three areas are 0.69A degrees C, 0.52A degrees C and 1.18A degrees C respectively. It also shows the model RMS error is less than or close to the climatological error. The statistical model can be used to well estimate the temperature profile vertical structure. 3) Comparing the thermocline characteristics between the reconstructed and observed profiles, the results in the ECS show that the average absolute errors are 1.5m, 1.4 m and 0.17A degrees C/m, and the average relative errors are 24.7%, 8.9% and 22.6% for the upper, lower thermocline boundaries and the gradient, respectively. Although the relative errors are obvious, the absolute error is small. In the SCS, the average absolute errors are 4.1 m, 27.7 m and 0.007A degrees C/m, and the average relative errors are 16.1%, 16.8% and 9.5% for the upper, lower thermocline boundaries and the gradient, respectively. The average relative errors are all < 20%. Although the average absolute error of the lower thermocline boundary is considerable, but contrast to the spatial scale of average depth of the lower thermocline boundary (165 m), the average relative error is small (16.8%). Therefore the model can be used to well estimate the thermocline.

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为弄清胁迫条件对盐藻β-胡萝卜素异构体累积的影响,寻找养殖盐藻生产β-胡萝卜素的适宜条件。我们以盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina. Teodoresco,简称盐藻)为实验材料,利用海水,卤水和苦卤水为培养液,在室内人工控制条件或室外自然条件下,进行藻体培养,1-2周后,收集藻体,计算细胞数目,提取色素,萃取色素,旋转蒸干,柱层析提纯,分光比色和高效液相色谱分析。首次研究了盐度、氮、磷、温度对盐藻β-胡萝卜素异构体累积的影响,同时还研究了光对异构体累积的影响。并且系统地研究了盐度、温度、光强、氮、磷、铁、碳、气体、苦卤水等对细胞生长、β-胡萝卜素累积的影响。上述实验获得一系列实验结果,这些结果为大规模生产性养殖打下了理论基础。其中部分结果属国内外首次报道:1.盐藻至少可以积累六种β-胡萝卜素异构体。2.氮浓度降低有利于β-胡萝卜素顺式异构体累积,其中对总顺式异构体累积来说,1mM KNO_3较为适宜。3.磷浓度降低有利于总顺式异构体的累积,其中以0.1mM KH_2PO_4较为适宜。4.温度适当升高有利于总顺式异构体的累积。5.盐度增高不利于总顺式异构体的累积,而有利于全反式异构体的累积。6.盐藻累积β-胡萝卜素越多,藻体越能忍耐高温胁迫。大量累积β-胡萝卜素的藻体能耐48.5 ℃ 2小时而不死亡。恒温对细胞生长不利。7.藻液中通入空气不利于细胞生长,也不利于β-胡萝卜素的积累。8.也可以利用苦卤水养殖盐藻。卤水中加入苦卤水后细胞生长加快,但β-胡萝卜素在细胞内的累积量降低。若培养液中加苦卤水占18.5%或75%培养效果较为理想。在获得上述实验结果基础,上我们总结出各种胁迫因子对细胞生长、β-胡萝卜素及其顺式异构体累积影响的一览表。并设计出三种模式:1>有利于细胞生长的模式,2>有利于β-胡萝卜素累积的模式,3>有利于顺式异构体累积的模式。

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本文对真鲷心跳期胚胎对5种常用渗透性抗冻剂(DMSO、甘油、甲醇、丙二醇、乙二醇)和3种非渗透性抗冻剂(PVP、PEG-8000、蔗糖)的耐受性进行了研究。渗透性抗冻剂分6个浓度梯度(5%;10%;15%;20%;25%;30%)和3个时间组(10min;30min;1h)。非渗透性抗冻剂中,PVP、PEG-8000分3个浓度梯度(5%、10%、15%)和2个时间组(10min、30min),蔗糖为4个浓度梯度(5%、10%、15%、20%)和2个时间组(10min、30min)。实验结果表明,在渗透性抗冻剂组中,浓度为5%的处理组的孵化率(>90%)与对照组差异均不显著,随着抗冻剂浓度增大及处理时间的延长,真鲷心跳期胚胎的孵化率显著下降(P<0.05),在最高浓度的最长处理时间中胚胎孵化率均降到了0。总体上,真鲷心跳期胚胎对五种渗透性抗冻剂的耐受性从小到大依次为:甲醇 < 甘油 < 乙二醇 < DMSO < 丙二醇。对影响胚胎孵化率的三个因素(抗冻剂、浓度、时间)进行的因素效应分析结果表明,三种因素对孵化率的影响显著(P<0.05),并且浓度效应 > 时间效应 > 抗冻剂效应。在非渗透性抗冻剂组中,蔗糖组胚胎孵化率未呈显著变化;PVP组随着浓度及时间的增大,孵化率显著下降(P<0.05);PEG-8000组随着浓度增大孵化率显著下降(P<0.05),但在两个时间组间差异不显著。相同处理情况下PEG-8000对真鲷心跳期胚胎的毒性要小于PVP。因素效应分析比较结果表明仅时间效应不显著,且抗冻剂效应 > 浓度效应 > 时间效应。 对所用各种抗冻剂进行了渗透压测量,实验中使用的渗透性抗冻剂(5%-30%)的渗透压值在959-7980mOsm/kg之间,均高于使用海水的渗透压值(919mOsm/kg);使用的非渗透性抗冻剂的渗透压值在316-1040mOsm/kg之间,除20%蔗糖渗透压值(1040mOsm/kg)高于海水外,其他非渗透性抗冻剂的渗透压值均要低于海水。对孵化率与相应的溶液渗透压值进行相关回归分析结果表明,渗透性抗冻剂的渗透压与孵化率呈显著的负相关(P<0.05),而非渗透性抗冻剂的渗透压与孵化率相关不显著。渗透性抗冻剂组的回归分析结果表明,二次方程的曲线拟合度最高,得到的回归方程分别为:Y10min = -2×10-8X2 10min - 6×10-5 X 10min + 1.5635 (R2 = 0.713),Y30min= 5×10-8X2 30min-0.0007 X 30min + 2.097(R2 = 0.681),Y1h = 7×10-8X2 1h-0.0008 X 1h+ 2.0397(R2= 0.725)。 在真鲷胚胎对抗冻剂耐受性实验的基础上,挑选五种抗冻剂--10%DMSO、5%甘油、10%甲醇、20%丙二醇、10%乙二醇,浸泡真鲷心跳期胚胎30min后,分别以超速(130℃/min)、快速(20℃/min)、慢速(3℃/min)的速度降温并使用低温显微镜进行观察,依次记录Toif(油球结冰)、Teif(胚胎外部结冰)、Tiif(胚胎内部结冰)等结冰点,Toif值在-9~-23℃之间;Teif值在-21~-35℃之间;Tiif值在-21~-52℃之间。结冰顺序为先油球结冰,然后胚胎外部结冰随之内部马上瞬间变黑形成内部冰晶。随着降温速度的提高,各结冰温度值显著下降。各抗冻剂之间的Teif及Tiif值不同,Toif值之间没有显著差异。对两种玻璃化冷冻方法进行模拟观察,发现胚胎冰晶形成的顺序与非玻璃化过程不同--先内部结冰然后逐渐蔓延至外部形成外部冰晶,而且模拟玻璃化的内部结冰温度Tiif值(-52.56℃)显著(P<0.05)低于使用低浓度的同种抗冻剂超速降温组的Tiif值(-40.11℃)。在快速及慢速降温组中,20%丙二醇组的Tiif要显著的低于其他组(P<0.05);在超速降温中,甲醇组的Tiif值要显著的低于其他组(P<0.05)。在Tiif小于30℃的实验组中获得形态完整胚胎的比例平均仅有30.77%;在Tiif大于30℃的实验组中获得形态完整胚胎的平均比例高达70.37%,模拟玻璃化组达到100%。各抗冻剂之间,复温后胚胎形态完整率10%甲醇组最高(77.78%);其次依次为10%乙二醇(66.67%)、20%丙二醇(55.56%)和10%DMSO(55.56%);5%甘油组最低(11.11%);推测甲醇的对胚胎的渗透效果要好于其他组。综上推测:使用丙二醇、甲醇作为抗冻剂以及玻璃化冷冻保存方法对真鲷心跳期胚胎超低温保存也许较为合适。 我们对低温保存的真鲷精子核DNA损伤进行了研究以期为下一步胚胎遗传物质稳定性研究提供参考依据。研究方法为单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE),针对研究对象,在实验过程中对传统的碱性单细胞凝胶电泳在铺胶方法、电泳条件等进行了改进。对精子细胞进行预处理,在碱性电泳液中使核DNA双链解链变性后电泳,EB染色lOmin后,在荧光显微镜下观察,每次随机观察50个左右的核DNA。结果表明,对荧光显微镜下观察到的精子核按彗尾长度及荧光强度划分等级,出现损伤的精子核DNA的损伤程度主要为轻度损伤和中度损伤,很少见有完全损伤的真鲷精子核。经5%、10%、18%、20%、25%、30%DMSO冷冻保存后的精子彗星率分别为33.47% ± 8.95%; 35.91% ± 19.44%; 48.95% ± 8.90%; 43.33% ± 11.19%; 55.80% ± 38.94%。鲜精彗星率为31.43 % ± 2.68%。对比真鲷冷冻精液与新鲜精液的精子DNA的损伤状况,表明仅用30% DMSO冷冻精子DNA损伤状况与鲜精差异显著(P<0.05)。 综上所述,渗透性抗冻剂对胚胎的毒性与其渗透压值呈显著的负相关关系。丙二醇对真鲷心跳期胚胎毒性最小,甲醇较其他抗冻剂能更好的渗透入胚胎;玻璃化方法能显著降低Tiif值并能更好的保持超低温保存后胚胎的形态完整性,因此,使用丙二醇、甲醇作为抗冻剂以及玻璃化冷冻保存方法对真鲷心跳期胚胎超低温保存也许较为合适。常规使用的用于超低温保存真鲷精子的DMSO(浓度<15%)不会对精子核物质稳定性造成明显影响。由于胚胎较精子结构要复杂许多,对于真鲷胚胎损伤机理的研究还有大量工作可以开展。

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Metabolic characteristics of the sea cucumber Aposticholpus japonicus (Selenka) during aestivation were studied in the laboratory. The effects of water temperature on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ammonia-N excretion rate (AER) in A. japonicus were determined by the Winkler and Hypobromite methods, respectively. Mature (large, 148.5 +/- 15.4 g, medium 69.3 +/- 6.9 g) and immature (small, 21.2 +/- 4.7 g) individuals aestivated at water temperatures of 20 and 25 degrees C, respectively. The metabolic characteristics of mature individuals were different from immature individuals during this period. The OCR of mature sea cucumbers peaked at 20 degrees C, and then dropped significantly at higher temperatures, whereas the OCR of the immature animals continued to increase slightly, even beyond the aestivation temperature. The AER of mature individuals peaked at 20 T, while that of the immature animals peaked at 25 degrees C. The relationships between dry weight (DW) and absolute oxygen consumption (R) and absolute ammonia-N excretion (N) could be described by the regression equation R or N=aW(b). With the exception of 15 degrees C, the O/N ratios (calculated in atomic equivalents) of large size sea cucumbers was close to 20 across the temperatures used in this study, indicating that their energy Source was a combination of lipid and protein. Oil the other hand, apart from small individuals maintained at 10 degrees C, the O/N ratios of the medium and small sea Cucumbers were close to 10, indicating that protein was their major energy source. The O/N ratios in all size groups remained unchanged after aestivation was initiated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Suspension aquaculture of filter-feeding bivalves has been developing rapidly in coastal waters in the world, especially in China. Previous studies have demonstrated that dense populations of filter-feeding bivalves in shallow water can produce a large amount of faeces and pseudofaeces (biodeposits) that may lead to negative impacts on the benthic environment. To determine whether the deposit feeder Stichopus (Apostichopus) japonicus Selenka can feed on bivalve biodeposits and whether the sea cucumber can be co-cultured with bivalves in suspended lantern nets, three experiments were conducted, two in tanks in the laboratory and one in the field. In a 3-month flow-through experiment, results showed that sea cucumbers grew well with specific growth rate (SGR) reaching 1.38% d(-1), when cultured in the bottom of tanks (10 m(3) water volume) where scallops were cultured in suspension in lantern nets. Moreover, results of another laboratory experiment demonstrated that sea cucumbers could survive well on bivalve biodeposits, with a feeding rate of 1.82 +/- 0.13 g dry biodeposits ind(-1) d(-1), absorption efficiency of organic matter in biodeposits of 17.2% +/- 5.5%, and average SGR of 1.60% d(-1). Our longer-term field experiments in two coastal bays (Sishili Bay and Jiaozhou Bay, northern China) showed that S. japonicus co-cultured with bivalves also grew well at growth rates (0.09-0.31 g wet weight ind(-1) d(-1)) depending on individual size. The results suggest that bivalve lantern nets can provide a good habitat for sea cucumbers; and the co-culture of bivalve molluscs with sea cucumbers may provide an additional valuable crop with no additional inputs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bohr.)是蒺藜科白刺属的一个品种,在柴达木盆地的沙漠绿洲边缘,盐碱沙滩地大量分布,生境海拔1900—3500m,分布面积约25万km^2。据我们调查,盆地相对集中成片具有开发价值的天然白刺林约50-60万亩,每年产白刺鲜果5—10万吨。具有较高的经济和药用价值.

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采用涡度相关观测技术系统, 于2003年7月1日~2004年6月30日对青藏高原高寒草甸3种植被类型(矮嵩草草甸、金露梅灌丛草甸和藏嵩草沼泽化草甸)生态系统CO2通量进行观测和分析. 结果表明, 嵩草草甸、灌丛草甸和沼泽化草甸CO2最大吸收率分别为16.78, 10.42和16.57 mmol/m2•s; 最大CO2排放率分别为8.22, 7.73和18.67 mmol/m2•s; 嵩草草甸和灌丛草甸一年从大气中分别吸收CO2 282和53 g/m2, 而沼泽草甸一年向大气排放CO2 478 g/m2. 证明青藏高原嵩草草甸和灌丛草甸比C4草原和一些低海拔草原和森林具有一个较低CO2吸收和排放量潜能, 而沼泽化草甸具有一个较高的排放潜能, 揭示了青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统不同植被类型的碳源/汇的明显差异, 主要是由植物光合能力不同和土壤呼吸差异引起的.

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目的 制订雪隆胶囊的质量标准。方法 对雪莲花进行了薄层色谱鉴别 ;用分光光度法测定了 L -羟脯氨酸的含量。结果 含量测定平均回收率 10 1.1% (RSD=1.7% ,n=6 )。结论 该方法稳定 ,专属性强 ,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。

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The eddy covariance technique provides measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) Of CO2 between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, which is widely used to estimate ecosystem respiration and gross primary production (GPP) at a number Of CO2 eddy flux tower sites. In this paper, canopy-level maximum light use efficiency, a key parameter in the satellite-based Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), was estimated by using the observed CO2 flux data and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data from eddy flux tower sites in an alpine swamp ecosystem, an alpine shrub ecosystem and an alpine meadow ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. The VPM model uses two improved vegetation indices (Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Land Surface Water Index (LSWI)) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectral radiometer (MODIS) data and climate data at the flux tower sites, and estimated the seasonal dynamics of GPP of the three alpine grassland ecosystems in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The seasonal dynamics of GPP predicted by the VPM model agreed well with estimated GPP from eddy flux towers. These results demonstrated the potential of the satellite-driven VPM model for scaling-up GPP of alpine grassland ecosystems, a key component for the study of the carbon cycle at regional and global scales. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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可变形机器人AMOEBA-Ⅰ具有多种构形方式,通过构形的改变可以增强机器人在狭窄空间中的通过能力.本文提出了将可变形机器人的变形能力融入到势场法中进行自适应路径规划的方法,以充分发挥可变形机器人特有的通过性能.研究了改进势场法,有效地解决了局部极小问题。引入了可见度概念,研究了减小计算量提高实时性品质指标的方法。通过实验结果证明机器人能够根据环境变化改变自身构形,表现自适应路径规划.同时有效地缩短了路径。

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The exploration and development of natural gas in the north of Ordos basin have been one important part in China’s energy stratagem. Reservoir in upper Palaeozoic group is of lithological trap and its prediction is a crux in a series of works. Based on foregoing seismic reservoir prediction, seismic data are re-processed with some optical methods and pre-stack information is used in corresponding inversions. Through the application of diverse methods, a series of techniques for reservoir prediction come into being. Several results are achieved as flowing: 1. A set of log processing and interpretation methods is developed. Porosity, permeability and gas saturation models are rebuilt. 2. Based on the petro-physics analysis of reservoirs in upper Palaeozoic group, the equations about lithology, property, hydrocarbon and elastic parameters are established. 3. Forward modeling based on elastic wave theory is first applied in the study area and increases the resolution of modeling results. 4. A series of techniques such as pre-stack time migration and others are combined to improve the data quality. 5. Pre-stack seismic inversion is first employed in the north of Ordos Basin and brings the results of EI, P-impedance, S-impedance and other elastic parameters. 6. In post-stack inversion, logs indicating reservoir parameters are rebuilt and boost the resolution of lithology inversion. 7. Amplitude, coherence, frequency-discomposed amplitude, waveform and other sensitive attributes are extracted to describe sands distribution. Seismic modes standing for sands of P1x3, P1x2 are established. 8. Among 9 proposed wells, 8 wells encountered sands and became production wells. The output of DK13 amounts to 510,000 m3 per day. Keywords:the north of Ordos Basin, reservoir prediction, pre-stack inversion, post-stack inversion, seismic attributes.