Medium effects on pi(-)/pi(+) in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Based on the isospin-dependent transport model IBUU and on the scaling model according to nucleon effective mass, effects of elastic and inelastic NN scattering cross-sections on pi(-)/pi(+) in the neutron-rich reaction Ca-48 + Ca-48 at a beam energy of 400MeV/nucleon are studied. It is found that cross-section effects of both NN elastic and inelastic scatterings affect Delta(1232), pi(-) and pi(+) productions as well as the value of pi(-)/pi(+).

Influence of entrance channels on the formation of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions

Within the framework of the dinuclear system (DNS) model, the production cross sections of superheavy nuclei Hs (Z=108) and Z=112 combined with different reaction systems are analyzed systematically. It is found that the mass asymmetries and the reaction Q values of the projectile target combinations play a very important role on the formation cross sections of the evaporation residues. Both methods to obtain the fusion probability by nucleon transfer by solving a set of microscopically derived master equations along the mass asymmetry degree of freedom (ID) and distinguishing protons and neutrons of fragments (2D) are compared with each other and also with the available experimental data. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electron impact excitation rate coefficients of N II ion

This paper calculates the electron impact excitation rate coefficients from the ground term 2s(2)2p(2) P-3 to the excited terms of the 2s(2)2p(2), 2s2p(3), 2s(2)2p3s, 2s(2)2p3p, and 2s(2)2p3d configurations of N II. In the calculations, rnulticonfiguration Dirac-Fork wave functions have been applied to describe the target-ion states and relativistic distorted-wave calculation has been performed to generate fine-structure collision strengths. The collision strengths are then averaged over a Maxwellian distribution of electron velocities in order to generate the effective collision strengths. The calculated rate coefficients are compared with available experimental and theoretical data, and some good agreements are found for the outer shell electron excitations. But for the inner shell electron excitations there are still some differences between the present calculations and available experiments.

Theoretical study of the 4d photoabsorption of the Cs+ ion

Calculations of the 4d absolute photoabsorption cross sections of the Xe-like Cs+ ion covering the energy region from 80 to 190 eV have been performed by using the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock method. The calculated cross sections are compared with the absolute experimental photoabsorption cross-section spectrum (Kjeldsen et al 2002 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 2845) and other available theoretical results. In the 80-90 eV region, the discrete structure resulting from photoexcitation of a 4d electron into nf and np orbits are successfully identified. Above the 4d threshold, i.e. in the 90-190 eV energy region, a reasonable agreement between experiment and computations is found for the intense 4d -> epsilon f shape resonance.

Elastic Scattering of He-6 + p at 82.3 MeV/nucleon

Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of halo nucleus He-6 on proton target were measured at 82.3 MeV/u. The experimental results are well reproduced by optical model calculations using global potential KD02 with a reduction of the depth of real volume part by a factor of 0.7. A systematic analysis shows that this behavior might be related to the weakly bound property of unstable nuclei.

Effects of Pairing Correlations on Formation of Proton Halo in C-9

Properties for the ground state of C-9 are studied in the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov theory with the NLSH, NLLN and TM2 effective interactions. Pairing correlations are taken into account by a density-dependent delta-force with the pairing strength for protons determined by fitting either to the experimental binding energy or to the odd-even mass difference from the five-point formula. The effects of pairing correlations on the formation of proton halo in the ground state of C-9 are examined. The halo structure is shown to be formed by the partially occupied valence proton levels p(3/2) and p(1/2).

Dissociative recombination of the acetaldehyde cation, CH3CHO+

The dissociative recombination of the acetaldehyde cation, CH3CHO+, has been investigated at the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory in Stockholm, Sweden. The dependence of the absolute cross section of the reaction on the relative kinetic energy has been determined and a thermal rate coefficient of k(T) = (1.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-6) (T/300)(-0.70 +/- 0.02) cm(3) s(-1) has been deduced, which is valid for electron temperatures between similar to 10 and 1000 K. The branching fractions of the reaction were studied at similar to 0 eV relative kinetic energy and we found that breaking one of the bonds between two of the heavy atoms occurs in 72 +/- 2% of the reactions. In the remaining events the three heavy atoms stay in the same product fragment. While the branching fractions are fairly similar to the results from an earlier investigation into the dissociative recombination of the fully deuterated acetaldehyde cation, CD3CDO+, the thermal rate coefficient is somewhat larger for CH3CHO+. Astrochemical implications of the results are discussed.

PROJECTILE FRAGMENTATION OF Ar-36,Ar-40 INDUCED REACTIONS

Fragment yields for Z >= 5 from projectile fragmentation using primary beams of Ar-36,Ar-40 at 50 MeV/nucleon on Ni-64 target have been measured in RIBLL fragment separator. We compare the fragment cross sections with the predictions of the empirical EPAX parametrization of fragmentation cross-sections and Statistical Abration-Ablation model (SAA) by considering the RIBLL separator transmission rate. Isotope yield ratios between these two reactions were calculated and isoscaling parameters alpha and beta are extracted, their dependences on fragment atomic number Z and neutron number N were presented.

DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION OF PROTONATED PROPIONITRILE, CH3CH2CNH+: IMPLICATIONS FOR TITAN'S UPPER ATMOSPHERE

The dissociative recombination of protonated propionitrile, CH3CH2CNH+, has been investigated at the heavy ion storage ring, CRYRING, at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden. The thermal rate coefficient has been deduced to follow k(T) = (1.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-6) (T/300)(-0.76) (+/-) (0.02) cm(3) s(-1) for electron temperatures ranging from similar to 10 to similar to 1000 K. Measurements of the branching fractions were performed at similar to 0 eV relative kinetic energy. It has been found that in 43% +/- 2% of the reactions the four heavy atoms remain in the same product fragment. An equal portion of the reactions leads to products where one of the heavy atoms is split off from the other three and 14% +/- 1% result in a breakup into two heavy fragments containing two heavy atoms each. We discuss the significance of the data to Titan's upper atmosphere.

Experimental studies of the dissociative recombination of CD3CDOD+ and CH3CH2OH2+

Aims. We determine branching fractions, cross sections and thermal rate constants for the dissociative recombination of CD3CDOD+ and CH3CH2OH2+ at the low relative kinetic energies encountered in the interstellar medium. Methods. The experiments were carried out by merging an ion and electron beam at the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING, Stockholm, Sweden. Results. Break-up of the CCO structure into three heavy fragments is not found for either of the ions. Instead the CCO structure is retained in 23 +/- 3% of the DR reactions of CD3CDOD+ and 7 +/- 3% in the DR of CH3CH2OH2+, whereas rupture into two heavy fragments occurs in 77 +/- 3% and 93 +/- 3% of the DR events of the respective ions. The measured cross sections were fitted between 1-200 meV yielding the following thermal rate constants and cross-section dependencies on the relative kinetic energy: sigma(E-cm[eV]) = 1.7 +/- 0.3 x 10(-15)(Ecm[eV])(-1.23 +/- 0.02) cm(2) and k(T) = 1.9 +/- 0.4 x 10(-6)(T/300)-0.73 +/- 0.02 cm(3) s(-1) for CH3CH2OH2+ as well as k(T) = 1.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(-6)(T/300)(-0.74 +/- 0.05) cm(3) s(-1) and s(Ecm[eV]) = 9.2 +/- 4 x 10(-16)(Ecm[eV])-1.24 +/- 0.05 cm(2) for CD3CDOD+

中低能重离子碰撞中x-射线产生截面的理论研究

本工作应用Visual Fortran编写了ECPSSR理论计算程序，修正了ISICS程序中的错误，本程序可以对各种入射离子与靶原子的组合进行计算，给出K，L，M的壳层及次壳层电离截面以及相应的x-射线产生截面，并根据需要选择是否对入射离子运动进行相对论修正。采用所编写的程序计算了一些碰撞体系的电离截面和x-射线产生截面，并与其他程序的计算结果和实验数据分别进行了比较。对于低能离子入射， ECPSSR计算的x-射线产生截面值明显低于实验值。考虑到低能入射离子可能会与靶原子形成准分子，本工作采用联合分离原子(USA, united and separated atom)模型替代ECPSSR中的PSS模型，考虑分子轨道(M)效应得到了基于联合分离原子模型的电离模型－MECUSAR。编写了相应的程序并对部分碰撞系统进行了计算，将计算得到的碰撞截面与实验进行比较，发现对于较低能量重离子碰撞，MECUSAR计算值好于ECPSSR计算值，对于轻离子入射，MECUSAR计算值与ECPSSR值基本相符，而计算K壳层x-射线产生截面时，ECPSSR计算值好于MECUSAR计算值

Ar16+ 离子与Au和Mo靶相互作用产生的X射线截面随入射角度的变化

本实验工作是在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室ECR离子源完成。实验采用能量为336keV的低能高电荷态Ar16+离子轰击Au、Mo金属靶，入射离子与靶表面之间的夹角分别是20°，25°，……，80°，入射角与出射角之和为90°。测量了不同角度下Mo的Lα、Lβ，Au的Mα和Ar的Kα特征X射线谱，对实验谱进行了高斯拟合，计算了不同入射角下的各条X射线的产额和产生截面，并将靶原子发射出的X射线截面与ECPSSR和带结合能修正的BEA理论计算的结果进行了比较。发现当入射角较小时，Ar16+与金属靶相互作用时所产生出的各条特征X射线截面随入射角的增加而增加，当入射角达到40°左右后X射线截面基本上保持不变。与ECPSSR计算值相比，本实验中Au的X射线截面比较接近，实验值比ECPSSR计算值小不到一个量级；而Mo的X射线截面实验值比ECPSSR计算值大3-4个量级，但产额与带结合能修正的BEA计算值很接近

Au LX射线发射截面和Al、Ti、Ni表面可见、红外光谱测量

本实验工作是在中国原子能科学研究院的HI-13串列加速器国家实验室第二测量厅原子物理实验平台上完成。本工作采用能量为20-50MeV的高电荷态O5+离子去轰击Au, 测量了不同能量下Au的L1、Lα、Lβ、Lγ的X射线谱，计算了不同能量下各条X射线的产生截面，并与ECPSSR理论计算结果进行了比较。实验结果表明σ（Ll）/σ(Lα) 和σ（Lγ）/σ(Lα)与ECPSSR理论计算结果符合比较好，而对于σ（Lβ）/σ(Lα)，在较低能区实验值略高于理论值。在中国科学院近代物理研究所320kV高电荷态离子实验研究平台上测量了Xeq+ (q=17-29)入射Al、Ti和Ni等表面诱发的可见光和红外光。通过对靶原子光谱线的研究，实验发现，随着入射离子的电荷态增高，原子和离子的各种光谱线可得到有效地激发。低速高电荷态离子入射金属固体表面，靶原子的特征谱线的激发强度，与入射离子的电荷态q密切相关。qc的实验测量值和理论计算值符合的较好

放射性核素引起反应中同位素分布的同位旋效应及19Na产生截面的ya研究

本论文介绍了放射性核束物理研究的现状以及当前常用的几种同位旋相关的重离子微观输运理论，对传统的 Boltzmann-Langevin 方程（BLE）考虑了同位旋相关的平均场、核子-核子碰撞截面和泡里阻塞，面且在初始化相空间的抽样中区分了中子和质子，并合模型也考虑了同位旋效应，建立了同位旋相关的 Boltzmann-Langevin 方程（IBLE）。利用IBLE对放射性核引起反应中的同位素分布，~(19)Na 的产生截面，以及中能重离子碰撞中的径向膨胀流进行了系统的研究，并对超重核的合成进行了一些初步的讨论。利用 IBLE 分别研究了不同弹核 ~(14)O，~(16)O 和 ~(18)O 在入射能量为 28.7MeV/u 下轰击不同靶核~7Be 和 ~9Be的反应，计算生成碎片的产生截面，发现用丰中子（缺中子）炮弹或丰中子（缺中子）靶进行反应，所得到的产物均有丰中子（缺中子）的碎片出现。同位素分布宽度和峰位入射体系密切相关，产生碎片的电荷数越接近于入射弹核的电荷数，则同位素分布的宽度越大，峰位偏离β稳定线值越远，其同位旋效应越明显。在28.7 MeV/u入射能量下，对反应系统 ~(17-20,22)Ne + ~(12)C 和 ~(20)Ne + ~9 进行了研究。对核素 ~(19)Na 产生截面进行计算和比较后，发现缺中子核引起的反应，具有更大~(19)Na的产生截面。通过研究反应系统 ~(40)Ca + ~(58)Ni 和 ~(40)Ca + ~(58)Fe 的径向膨胀流随入射能量的变化关系，发现径向膨胀流存在着强烈的同位旋相关性。利用径向膨胀流随入射能量的变化关系和拟和结果，从理论上证实了存在使径向膨胀流为零的特定入射能量，发现对于不同的反应体系这个能量是不同的，它随同位旋自由度的变化而变化。

超重核生成截面的研究

目前，人们在合成超重元素的研究中，做了大量的工作并已经取得了一些进展。这是一个有趣而又充满希望的方向。要在实验室合成超重元素，必须先做大量的理论工作。许多理论模型可以计算截面，但大多数理论模型没有考虑融合过程中准裂变的竞争。但实验证实，用重离子碰撞合成超重原子核时，准裂变对熔合的抑制是非常重要的。为了体现准裂变对熔合过程的影响，一种新的模型一双核模型被提出。双核模型假定在碰撞动能充分耗散后，弹靶组成双核系统，由轻核向重核转移核子而形成复合核。处于激发态的复合核通过发射中子和裂变竞争退激，形成稳定超重核。碰撞中双核系统间核子转移所形成的势能面称之为驱动势，它制约核子转移，因而决定熔合与准裂变的竞争。双核系统势能面还提供重离子碰撞合成超重原子核的最佳激发能和最佳弹靶组合的信息。驱动势制约由输运方程所支配的核子转移速率，因而确定双核系统形成复合核的几率。并由此可确定形成复合核所必须的最低激发能，即形成最稳定复合核的最佳激发能，我们计算了以208Pb为靶的一系列重离子熔合反应双核系统核子转移驱动势，得到了与已知实验值基本符合的结果。在双核系统框架下，用数值法解主方程描述双核间的核子跃迁全熔核形成几率；两碰撞核内部激发能由相对运动能损提供，则把核子转移过程与相对运动藕合起来。最后对一些以208Pb为靶的形成超重核的冷熔合反应，计算了最佳激发能，形成双核系统的俘获截面，复合核形成几率，及存活几率等，最终所得到的形成超重核蒸发剩余截面与已知实验值符合较好。