Enhancing the Performance of the Organic Light-emitting Device (OLED) by Thermal Treatment

A comparative study on the annealing of the ITO substrates and the organic layers were conducted on Organic light-emitting device (OLED). We fabricated four devices with the structure of Al/Alq(3)/TPD: PVK/NiO/ITO/Glass, and investigated the effect of heat on device performance by selectively annealing. When the TPD: PVK layers were annealed at 90 degrees C with 30 min annealing time and the ITO substrates were annealed at 300 degrees C with a constant annealing time (100 min). We find the OLED shows obvious performance improvement in brightness and current efficiency, which is attributable to the fact that annealing reduces defects and improves the interface structures of the organics and the organic/ITO interfaces. On the other hand, an appropriate annealing would slow the transportation of the hole, thus finally leads to more balanced electron and hole.

Prediction of soil organic carbon partition coefficients by soil column liquid chromatography

To avoid the limitation of the widely used prediction methods of soil organic carbon partition coefficients (K-OC) from hydrophobic parameters, e.g., the n-octanol/water partition coefficients (K-OW) and the reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) retention factors, the soil column liquid chromatographic (SCLC) method was developed for K-OC prediction. The real soils were used as the packing materials of RP-HPLC columns, and the correlations between the retention factors of organic compounds on soil columns (k(soil)) and K-OC measured by batch equilibrium method were studied. Good correlations were achieved between k(soil) and K-OC for three types of soils with different properties. All the square of the correlation coefficients (R-2) of the linear regression between log k(soi) and log K-OC were higher than 0.89 with standard deviations of less than 0.21. In addition, the prediction of K-OC from K-OW and the RP-HPLC retention factors on cyanopropyl (CN) stationary phase (k(CN)) was comparatively evaluated for the three types of soils. The results show that the prediction of K-OC from k(CN) and K-OW is only applicable to some specific types of soils. The results obtained in the present study proved that the SCLC method is appropriate for the K-OC prediction for different types of soils, however the applicability of using hydrophobic parameters to predict K-OC largely depends on the properties of soil concerned. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recyclable heterogeneous Rh/SiO2 catalyst enhanced by organic PPh3 ligand

Heterogeneous PPh3-Rh/SiO2 catalysts for hydroformylation of olefins, prepared by direct doping of phosphine onto the heterogeneous Rh/SiO2 precursor, exhibited high activity and selectivity towards aldehydes, which originated from chemical coordination bond between the phosphine and Rh metal nantoparticles on the SiO2 support.