A novel low-power input-independent MOS AC/DC charge pump

This paper presents a novel fully integrated MOS AC to DC charge pump with low power dissipation and stable output for RFID applications. To improve the input sensitivity, we replaced Schottky-diodes in conventional charge pumps with MOS diodes with zero threshold, which has less process defects and is thus more compatible with other circuits. The charge pump in a RFID transponder is implemented in a 0.35um CMOS technology with 0.24 sq mm die size. The analytical model of the charge pump and the simulation results are presented.

Thermal induced facet destructive feature of quantum cascade lasers

We present a study on the facet damage profile of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). Conspicuous cascade half-loop damage strips on front facet are observed when QCLs catastrophically failed. Due to the large difference on thermal conductivities between active region and the substrate, dominant heat is compulsively driven to the substrate. Abundant heat accumulation and dissipation on substrate build large temperature gradient and thermal lattice mismatch. Thermal-induced stress due to sequential mismatch leads to the occurrence of the multistep damages on front facet. Good agreement is achieved between the observed locations of damaged strips and the calculated results.

Photoluminescence spectroscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy probe of alloying and annealing effects in nonpolar m-plane ZnMgO thin films

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of non-polar m-plane ZnO and ZnMgO alloy films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition have been studied. The enhancement in emission intensity caused by localized excitons in m-plane ZnMgO alloy films was directly observed and it can be further improved after annealing in nitrogen. The concentration of Zn vacancies in the films was increased by alloying with Mg, which was detected by positron annihilation spectroscopy. This result is very important to directly explain why undoped Zn1-xMgxO thin films can show p-type conduction by controlling Mg content, as discussed by Li [Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 232115 (2007)].

Effects of Hydrogen Plasma Treatment on the Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnO Films: Identification of Hydrogen Donors in ZnO

Wurtzite ZnO has many potential applications in optoelectronic devices, and the hydrogenated ZnO exhibits excellent photoelectronic properties compared to undoped ZnO; however, the structure of H-related defects is still unclear. In this article, the effects of hydrogen-plasma treatment and subsequent annealing on the electrical and optical properties of ZnO films were investigated by a combination of Hall measurement, Raman scattering, and photoluminescence. It is found that two types of hydrogen-related defects, namely, the interstitial hydrogen located at the bond-centered (H-BC) and the hydrogen trapped at a O vacancy (H-O), are responsible for the n-type background conductivity of ZnO films. Besides introducing two hydrogen-related donor states, the incorporated hydrogen passivates defects at grain boundaries. With increasing annealing temperatures, the unstable H-BC atoms gradually diffuse out of the ZnO films and part of them are converted into H-O, which gives rise to two anomalous Raman peaks at 275 and 510 cm(-1). These results help to clarify the relationship between the hydrogen-related defects in ZnO described in various studies and the free carriers that are produced by the introduction of hydrogen.

AC分组密码

本文推出了一个分组长度和密钥长度均为128bit的分组密码-AC（a cipher），它的整体结构是SP网络，加解密是相似的。AC分组密码的设计结合了宽轨迹策略和比特块技术，以确保算法对差分密码分析和线性密码分析的安全性。本文的目的是寻求公众对AC分组密码的测试、分析和评估。

AC分组密码的差分和线性密码分析

讨论AC分组密码对差分和线性密码分析的安全性，通过估计3轮AC的差分活动盒子的个数下界和12轮AC的线性活动盒子的个数下界，本文得到AC的12轮差分特征概率不大于2－128和线性逼近优势不大于2－67，因此，AC分组密码对差分和线性密码分析是安全的。

水合物及其在多孔介质中导热性能的研究

气体水合物是一种笼形混合物，它是水分子形成的主体框架包裹其他客体分子形成的一种非化学计量的冰状物质。在海底和大陆的永冻区有大量的天然气水合物，由于天然气水合物富含天然气资源（约2x1016时），并且其稳定性关系到全球气候和海洋地质结构的变化，因而受到广泛的关注。所以在考虑对该资源进行热开采和考察地球温压变化对含水合物层的影响时，有必要掌握水合物的热物性和含水合物层的有效导热系数（ETC）。另一方面，水合物虽然具有明确的晶体结构，但研究表明n型水合物具有玻璃体的导热特性，即其具有低导热系数和导热系数随温度变

Fatty-acids and their C-13 signatures in seep carbonates from hydrocarbon seeps on the upper (GC 185) and lower (AC 645) continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico

Here we reported the fatty-acids and their δ 13C values in seep carbonates collected from Green Canyon lease block 185 (GC 185; Sample GC-F) at upper continental slope (water depth: ∼540 m), and Alaminos Canyon lease block 645 (GC 645; Sample AC-E) at lower continental slope (water depth: ∼2200 m) of the Gulf of Mexico. More than thirty kinds of fatty acids were detected in both samples. These fatty acids are maximized at C16. There is a clear even-over-odd carbon number predominance in carbon number range. The fatty acids are mainly composed of n-fatty acids, iso-/anteiso-fatty acids and terminally branched odd-numbered fatty acids (iso/anteiso). The low δ 13C values (−39.99‰ to.32.36‰) of n-C12:0, n-C13:0, i-C14:0and n-C14:0 suggest that they may relate to the chemosynthetic communities at seep sites. The unsaturated fatty acids n-C18:2 and C18:1Δ9 have the same δ 13C values, they may originate from theBeggiatoa/Thioploca. Unlike other fatty acids, the terminally branched fatty acids (iso/anteiso) show lowerδ 13C values (as low as −63.95‰) suggesting a possible relationship to sulfate reducing bacteria, which is common during anaerobic oxidation of methane at seep sites.

PAA对不同土壤保水和蒸发性能的影响

采用土柱法研究了不同PAA施入量对3种黄土高原主要土壤类型(黄绵土、黑垆土和塿土)的持水性能、土壤饱和导水率和土壤蒸发量的影响,以进一步阐明PAA的保水和蒸发作用。结果表明,施入PAA提高了土壤的持水性能。在未加入PAA之前黑垆土的持水性能最低,塿土的最高,黄绵土的次之;加入PAA后,黑垆土的持水能力显著增加,几乎为对照的2倍,塿土和黄绵土也都比对照高。土壤的供水能力随PAA用量的增加而增强,不同土壤类型之间表现为:塿土>黑垆土>黄绵土。未加入PAA时,3种土壤饱和导水率大小为:塿土>黑垆土>黄绵土;加入PAA后,3种土壤的饱和导水率都降低,且基本随PAA用量的增加而降低。在一定水分条件下,PAA的施入提高了土壤的抗蒸发性能,随PAA用量的增加,塿土和黑垆土的土壤蒸发量增加,但都低于对照,而黄绵土的土壤蒸发量随PAA用量的增加而降低。其中施PAA54.5 mg/kg的塿土、黑垆土和施PAA225.8 mg/kg的黄绵土与对照相比,土壤蒸发量分别减少了44.0%,44.6%和30.6%。

子午岭植被恢复对土壤饱和导水率的影响

通过对子午岭林区不同植被的土壤性质进行实验室测定和野外调查,对饱和土壤水分运动的重要参数之一土壤饱和导水率(Ks)及其相关因子进行了多元分析和通径分析,揭示了植被恢复提高土壤水分传输性能的机理,主要结论如下:土壤有机质是子午岭林区九种植被下土壤饱和导水率提高的主要驱动因子。不同植被下的土壤饱和导水率均随深度的增加而迅速降低,尽管草地和先锋草地在5～10cm深度有一强透水层。土壤饱和导水率在剖面上的平均值,从辽东栎、早期森林、灌丛、先锋草地、弃耕地到草地依次降低。灌丛与草地、弃耕地的差异达到显著水平,辽东栎顶级群落的饱和导水率最高,植被的恢复明显提高了土壤饱和导水率。土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、>0.25mm团聚体含量及粘粒含量直接影响土壤饱和导水率。土壤有机质含量的提高能够改善容重、毛管孔隙度、团聚体含量等物理性质。

黄土高原坡地表层土壤饱和导水率和水分含量空间变异特征

表层土壤水分含量和饱和导水率对深层土壤水分的动态的变化具有重要的决定作用。在黄土高原坡地(50m×360 m)范围内进行网格(10 m×10 m)取样,用地统计学方法研究表层(0~30 cm)土壤饱和导水率和水分含量的空间变异特征。结果表明:1)坡地表层土壤密度变化规律为坡下位大于坡上位,土壤饱和导水率变异系数为0.37,属于中等变异强度;2)饱和导水率和自然对数化的饱和导水率在360 m尺度内均不具备空间结构特征,是纯随机变量,线性有基台模型适用于描述表层土壤水分的分布特征,水分分布存在明显的块金效应,并且随滞后距离的增加半方差变大;3)饱和导水率和水分含量从坡上位到坡下位均呈现波浪式变化,饱和导水率大的采样点土壤水分含量低,反之则高。

有限元子域法分析土石混合介质的饱和导水率

在黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错地区,碎石的存在影响着土壤的水力学特性,因此研究土石混合介质的渗流运动对该地区的植被恢复建设具有重要的指导意义。虽然用有限元法分析地下水渗流的工作很多,但对土石混合介质而言,由于有限元法的解题规模迅速增加,其研究甚少。本模型采用子域法矩形单元,假定土石体中石块含量增加不影响土的孔隙率且石块不透水分析了土石混合介质中的渗流过程。结果表明,影响土石混合介质饱和导水率的主要因素是土石介质的含石率;石块的大小基本不影响混合介质饱和导水率;石块分布方式增加水流路径时,会影响混合介质饱和导水率。这一数值分析结论与土石体渗流问题的部分理论结果和试验结果吻合良好。本模型子域法计算效率高,结果较准确,可用于较大规模的土石混合介质渗流分析,还可推广用于土石混合介质的三维分析和多级子域法有限元技术以获得更大规模的解题效果。

聚甲基丙烯酸多缩乙二醇二酯－锂盐－溶剂三组份凝胶聚合物电解质的制备、导电性能和导电机理研究

由极性聚合物-碱金属盐构成的聚合物固体电解质（SPE）是一类很有前途的离子导电材料。但此类SPE，比通常非水介质电解质溶液约低3个数量级，故极需发展电导率更高的新型SPE材料。目前，由极性（或交联）聚合物、碱金属盐和高介电常数溶剂三组份构成的新一代SPE正在崛起，其室温电导率的达10~（－3）S·cm~(-1)。本工作以甲基丙烯酸多缩乙二醇二酯为大分子单体，研究了三组份凝胶电解质的制备、各组分的变化和温度等对膜强度和电导率的影响；并研究了该凝胶体系中离子传导机理。

研究海水温盐结构的反射地震方法

在物理海洋学的研究中，利用CTD（Conductivity，Temperature and Depth sensors）测量方法研究海水温盐