Crystallization of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films induced by a single femtosecond laser pulse

Crystallization is achieved in amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films upon irradiation with a single femtosecond laser pulse. Transmission electron microscopy images evidence the morphology of the crystallized spot which depends on the fluence of the ferntosecond laser pulse. Fine crystalline grains are induced at low fluence, and the coarse crystalline grains are obtained at high fluence. At the damage fluence, ablation of the films occurs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Femtosecond laser pulse irradiation of Sb-rich AgInSbTe films: Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy investigations

The single-layer and multilayer Sb-rich AgInSbTe films were irradiated by a single femtosecond laser pulse with the duration of 120 fs. The morphological feature resulting from the laser irradiation have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atom force microscopy. For the single-layer film, the center of the irradiated spot is a dark depression and the border is a bright protrusion; however, for the multilayer film, the center morphology changes from a depression to a protrusion as the energy increases. The crystallization threshold fluence of the single-layer and the multilayer films is 46.36 mJ/cm(2), 63.74 mJ/cm(2), respectively.

Morphological characteristics of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films after a single femtosecond laser pulse irradiation

The morphology of materials resulting from laser irradiation of the single-layer and the multilayer amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films using 120 fs pulses at 800 nm was observed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. For the single-layer film, the center of the irradiated spot is depression and the border is protrusion, however, for the multilayer film, the center morphology changes from a depression to a protrusion as the increase of the energy. The crystallization threshold fluence of the single-layer and the multilayer film is 22 and 23 mJ/cm(2), respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Laser pulse induced bumps in chalcogenide phase change films

Formation of bumps in chalcogenide phase change thin films during the laser writing process is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The process involves basically fast heating and quenching stages. Circular bumps are formed after cooling, and the shape and size of the bumps depend on various parameters such as temperatures, laser power, beam size, laser pulse duration, etc. In extreme cases, holes are formed at the apex of the bumps. To understand the bumps and their formation is of great interest for data storage. In the present work, a theoretical model is established for the formation process, and the geometric characters of the formed bumps can be analytically and quantitatively evaluated from various parameters involved in the formation. Simulations based on the analytic solution are carried out taking Ag8In14Sb55Te23 as an example. The results are verified with experimental observations of the bumps. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Excimer laser plasma to control laser pulse duration

An injection-locking excimer laser beam with a pulse duration of 25 ns is focused on the surface of a polymide film. The laser beam that passes through the etching film is shorter than the original one. By optimizing the thickness of the film and the beam power density, a pulse with a 3-ns pulse duration can be obtained using this switch technology.

A Q-swicthed all-solid-state single-longitudinal-mode laser with adjustable pulse-width and high repetition rate

A single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) laser-diode pumped Nd: YAG laser with adjustable pulse width is developed by using the techniques of pre-lasing and changing polarization of birefingent crystal. The Q-switching voltage is triggered by the peak of the pre-lasing pulse to achieve the higher stability of output pulse energy. The output energy of more than 1 mJ is obtained with output energy stability of 3% (rms) at 100 Hz. The pulse-width can be adjusted from 30 ns to 300 ns by changing the Q-switching voltage. The probability of putting out single-longitudinal-mode pulses is almost 100%. The laser can be run over four hours continually without mode hopping.

Stable pulse-compressed acousto-optic Q-switched fiber laser

A novel acousto-optic switch operation by a simple laser-diode pumped acousto-optic, Q-switched, ytterbium-doped, double-clad fiber laser is reported. Stable compressed Q-switched sub-40 ns pulses with a beam quality factor (M-2 = 2) are achieved at the repetition rate of 1-50 kHz. Q-switched pulses of similar to 20 mu J pulse energy and 35 as pulse width are obtained at the repetition rate of 50 kHz. Finally, a reasonable explanation of the novel Q-switched operation is presented. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.

20-W average power, high repetition rate, nanosecond pulse with diffraction limit from an all-fiber MOPA system

In this article, we report an all-fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system, which can provide high repetition rate and nanosecond pulse with diffraction-limit. The system was constructed using a (2 + 1) X 1 multimode combiner. The Q-Switched, LD pumped Nd:YVO4 solid-state laser wets used (is master oscillator. The 976-nm fiber-coupled module is used as pump source. A 10-m long China-made Yb3+-doped D-shape double-clad large-mode-area fiber was used as amplifier fiber. The MOPA produced as much as 20-W average power with nanosecond pulse and near diffraction limited. The pulse duration is maintained at about 15 its during 50-175 kHz. The system employs a simple and compact architecture and is therefore suitable for the use in practical applications such as scientific and military airborne LIDAR and imaging. Based oil this system. the amplification performances of. the all fiber amplifier is investigated. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

beam-shaping microstructure optical fiber

Microstructure optical fiber with uniform intensity distribution of the fundamental mode is proposed. The design guide line and characteristics of this kind fiber are demonstrated. The relationship between refractive index profile and structure parameters is investigated. The mechanism of forming uniform fundamental mode in these fibers is analyzed.

Structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO films grown on c-plane sapphire and (100)gamma-LiAlO2 by pulse laser deposition

ZnO thin films were grown on single-crystal gamma-LiAlO2 (LAO) and sapphire (0001) substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO films were investigated. The results show that LAO is more suitable for fabricating ZnO films than sapphire substrate and the highest-quality ZnO film was attained on LAO at the substrate temperature of 550 degrees C. However, when the substrate temperature rises to 700 degrees C, lithium would diffuse from the substrate (LAO) into ZnO film which makes ZnO film on LAO becomes polycrystalline without preferred orientation, the stress in ZnO film increases dominantly and the resistivity of the film decreases exponentially. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of crystal formation in titanate glass irradiated by 800 nm femtosecond laser pulse

The structure of the titanate glass is destroyed during irradiation by the femtosecond laser pulses, and (TiO6)(8-) and (TiO4)(4-) anion units are exsolved from the network of the titanate glass. These anion units are rearranged to form some crystals such as anatase and Ba2TiO4 crystals. By Raman spectroscopy, it is found that these crystals have a strong dependence on the intensity of the femtosecond laser pulses. The relation between the generation of these crystals and space distribution of the femtosecond laser power intensity is qualitatively explained. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.