Modification of Fe/Cu multilayers under 400 keV Xe20+ irradiation

Two kinds of Fe/Cu multilayers with different modulation wavelength were deposited on cleaved Si(100) substrates and then irradiated at room temperature using 400 keV Xe20+ in a wide range of irradiation fluences. As a comparison, thermal annealing at 300-900 degrees C was also carried out in vacuum. Then the samples were analyzed by XRD and the evolution of crystallite structures induced by irradiation was investigated. The obtained XRD patterns showed that, with increase of the irradiation fluence, the peaks of Fe became weaker, the peaks related to Cu-based fcc solid solution and Fe-based bcc solid solution phase became visible and the former became strong gradually. This implied that the intermixing at the Fe/Cu interface induced by ion irradiation resulted in the formation of the new phases which could not be achieved by thermal annealing. The possible intermixing mechanism of Fe/Cu multilayers induced by energetic ion irradiation was briefly discussed.

Effects of annealing on the photoluminescence of He ion implanted sapphire after 230-MeV Pb ion irradiation

Single crystal sapphire (Al2O3) samples implanted with 110 keV He and irradiated at 320 K by Pb-208(27), ions with energy of 1.1 MeV/u to the fluences ranging from 1 X 10(12) to 5 X 10(14) ion/cm(2) and subsequently annealed at 600, 900 and 1100 K. The obtained PL spectra showed that emission peaks centred at 375, 390, 413, and 450 nm appeared in irradiated samples. The peak of 390 ran became very intense after 600 K annealing. The peak of 390 nm weakened and 510 nm peak started to build up at 900 K annealing, the peak of 390 nm vanished and 510 nm peak increased with the annealing temperature rising to 1100 K. Infrared spectra showed a broadening of the absorption band between 460 cm(-1), and 510 cm(-1) indicating strongly damaged regions being formed in the Al2O3 samples and position shift of the absorption band at 1000-1300 cm(-1) towards higher wavenumber after Pb irradiation.

The annealing behavior of Cu nanoparticles in Ar-ion implanted spinel

Magnesium aluminate spinel crystals (MgAl2O4 (1 1 0)) deposited with 30 nm Cu film on surface were implanted with 110 key Ar-ions to a fluence of 1.0 x 10(17) ions/cm(2) at 350 degrees C, and then annealed in vacuum condition at the temperature of 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 degrees C for 1 h, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were adopted to analyze the specimens. After implantation, the appearance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorbance peak in the UV-VIS spectrum indicated the formation of Cu nanoparticles, and the TEM results for 500 degrees C also confirmed the formation of Cu nanoparticles at near-surface region. In annealing process, The SPR absorbance intensity increased at 500 and 700 degrees C, decreased with a blue shift of the peak position at 600 and 800 degrees C, and the peak disappeared at 900 degrees C. The SPR absorbance intensity evolution with temperature was discussed combined with other measurement results (RBS, SEM and TEM). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gas-phase isothermal chromatography with short-lived technetium isotopes

In order to study the gas-phase chemical behavior of transactinides, an on-line isothermal chromatography apparatus has been developed and applied to separate short-lived technetium isotopes in the form of TcO3 from fission products. The fission products from a Cf-252 source were continuously and rapidly transported through the capillary to the isothermal chromatography apparatus using the N-2/KBr gas-jet techniques. Volatile oxide molecules were formed at the reaction zone kept at 900 degrees C since a trace amount of oxygen existed in the N-2 carrier gas. With the new developed isothermal chromatography apparatus, a selective separation of Tc from fission products was achieved. After isothermal chromatographic separation, Tc-101,Tc-103,Tc-104,Tc-105,Tc-106,Tc-107,Tc-108 were dominantly observed together with their Ru daughters in the gamma-spectrum, The chemical yields of Tc-101, and Tc-104 and Tc-105 isotopes with longer half-lives are about 55-57%, and those of Tc-103, Tc-106 and Tc-108 isotopes with shorter half-lives dropped down to 25-28%. The adsorption enthalpy of the investigated compounds on quartz surfaces was determined to be -150 +/- 5 kJ/mol by fitting the measured retention curves with a Monte Carlo model. The observed species of technetium oxide is attributed to TcO3, which is in good agreement with previous experimental results. That means our system worked properly and it can be used to investigate the gas-phase chemical behavior of transactinides.

濒危植物毛柄小勾儿茶生存群落的数量分类

应用除趋势对应分析(DCA)与双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)对濒危植物毛柄小勾儿茶(Berchemiella wilsoniivar.pubipetiolata)69块样地进行了排序与分类,共划分9个群落类型。结果表明,毛柄小勾儿茶生境特异性高。毛柄小勾儿茶在枫香(Liquidambar formosana)林、马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)+杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)+青冈栎(Quercus glauca)针阔混交林、杂木林和青榨槭(Acer davidii)+大果山胡椒(Lindera praecox)林中生长较好。这4个群落林下层优势种具有相似性:草本层的优势种中均有求米草(Oplismenus undulatifolius),常有三脉紫菀(Aster ageratoides);灌木层优势种常有大果山胡椒。毛柄小勾儿茶分布于海拔500~900 m的低山区,多分布于湿润、排水良好的沟谷边,生境坡向多为阴坡。

Polymeric fullerene oxide films produced by decomposition of hexanitro[60]fullerene

A new poly(fullerene oxide) thin film material has been fabricated by thermal activation and electron bombardment on hexanitro[60]fullerene (HNF) film deposited on a An substrate, all under vacuum conditions. The reaction products in the polymerization process are analyzed by XPS, UPS, IR, TGA-MS and LDI-MS techniques. It is found that the main effect of thermal and radiation treatments is to induce cleavage of -NO bonds from HNF molecules resulted in the release of nitric oxide gas and the formation of fullerene-bound oxyradicals, C-60-C-6. Spectroscopic evidence strongly suggests that rearrangement of fullerenic nitro moieties into nitrito groups is involved in the HNF decomposition process prior to the generation of reactive oxyradical intermediates. Consequently, the intermolecular coupling reaction of these oxyradicals leads to carbon polymer networks containing oxygen-bridged fullerenes. The thermally generated polymeric thin film is stable up to 900 K. Electron bombardment is also effective in both the decomposition of -NO2 groups and the removal of -OH groups present in HNF films. UV irradiation at 365 nm alone is shown to be not as efficient for the polymer formation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

基于MODIS数据的草地生物量估算模型比较

准确估算草地生物量对合理规划区域畜牧业、评估草地植被的生态效益有重要意义。目前,在常用的遥感估算模型中,采用的植被指数和模型函数形式多样。本文根据野外生物量调查结果和MODIS数据,分别采用归一化植被指数(NDVI)、增强植被指数(EVI)和修正的土壤调节植被指数(MSAVI)建立了内蒙古科尔沁左翼后旗草地地上生物量和地上地下总生物量估测的3种(线性、乘幂和指数)模型,并进行了比较。结果表明:3种模型能够对草地生物量进行较好的模拟,其中指数模型效果最佳;3个植被指数(NDVI,EVI和MSAVI)与草地生物量均有较高的相关性,可用于该草地产量估测,其中MSAVI对地上生物量拟合效果最好(R2=0.900);NDVI和EVI的线性模型对总生物量的模拟明显好于对地上生物量的模拟。

ZHT-03质谱仪电测量部分的微机化改造

阐述了利用微机对ZHT－03质谱仪电测量部分进行改造的原理及方法，实现了电场扫描电压的自动控制，离子流质量峰的自动采集和数据的自动处理，提高了测量精度。实际应用证明，各项指标均优于原仪器。

土地利用方式对潮棕壤微生物群落影响研究

以中国科学院沈阳生态试验站的长期定位试验为平台,研究了不同土地利用方式下土壤三大类微生物细菌、放线菌、真菌和农业上常见致病菌灰霉菌、枯萎菌、镰刀菌的分布及动态变化。结果表明,在农田生态系统中,施肥特别是氮磷钾配施循环猪圈肥能够提高土壤微生物总量,施用氮磷钾和氮磷钾配施循环猪圈肥均提高了细菌和放线菌数量,但化肥配施有机肥降低了真菌数量;不同土地利用方式下微生物分布存在差异,有机物料归还量较大的荒地和林地微生物数量较高,每年移出地表植物的割草处理略低,而裸地处理最低,细菌和放线菌分布规律一致,均为:荒地>林地>割草>裸地,真菌分布略有差别,为:荒地>割草>林地>裸地,土壤微生物含量和比例可大致反映土地利用类型;不同生态系统中,灰霉菌、枯萎菌、镰刀菌的分布不同,农田生态系统中的致病菌数量普遍高于自然生态系统,尤其是枯萎菌,仅在农田生态系统中检测到;微生物数量随着季节的变化而变化,随着温度的升高有增加的趋势,在七月左右达到最大值。

植物地下生物量研究进展

在生物量的研究过程中 ,地下部分生物量十分重要却又多被忽视 .本文首先比较了当前地下生物量研究中较为常用的 4种研究方法 :挖土块法、钻土芯法、内生长土芯法和微根区管法 .然后总结了地下生物量在空间和时间上变化规律的研究成果 .最后又讨论了环境因素诸如水分、温度和开垦、放牧对地下生物量的影响以及地下生物量的周转 .

中国多孔菌属一新记录种(英文)

假桦多孔菌(Polyporus pseudobetulinus)采于吉林省长白山自然保护区,为中国多孔菌属一新记录种。文中根据所采集的材料对其进行了详细描述和绘图,并对相似种进行了讨论。

长杆弹垂直侵彻半无限厚靶板的简化模型

本文对长杆弹垂直侵彻半无限厚靶板的主要现象和过程作了分析。考虑了弹杆在侵彻过程中的破碎以及弹、板的材料性质对侵彻过程的影响,建立了一个垂直侵彻的简化计算模型,定量地描述了在侵彻半无限厚板的过程中弹杆的速度、长度和穿深的变化规律。研究的速度范围是900～1600米/秒。计算和实验结果符合较好。

Spectral response of winter wheat to crop development and various agronomic limitations

For maximizing the effective applications of remote sensing in crop recognition, crop performance assessment and canopy variables estimation at large areas, it is essential to fully understand the spectral response of canopy to crop development and varying growing conditions. In this paper, the spectral properties of winter wheat canopy under different growth stages and different agronomic conditions were investigated at the field level based on reflectance measurements. It was proved that crop growth and development, nitrogen fertilization rates, nutrient deficit (e.g. lacking any kind of nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium fertilizer or lacking all of them), irrigation frequency and plant density had direct influence on canopy reflectance in 400-900 nm which including the visible/near infrared bands, and resulted in great changes of spectral curves. It was suggested that spectral reflectance of crop canopy can well reflect the growth and development of crop and the impacts from various factors, and was feasible to provide vital information for crop monitoring and assessment. ©2010 IEEE.