Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Sequence Variations and Population Structure of Siberian Chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus) in Northeastern Asia and Population Substructure in South Korea

Twenty-five chipmunk species occur in the world, of which only the Siberian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus, inhabits Asia. To investigate mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variations and population structure of the Siberian chipmunk in northeastern Asia, we

Anti-HIV-1 Activities of Hemslecins A and B

目的:研究从药用植物金佛山雪胆分离的雪胆素A和雪胆素B两个三萜类化合物的体外抗HIV活性.方法:应用合胞体抑制实验、p24抗原产生的抑制实验、慢性感染细胞和正常细胞间的细胞融合抑制实验等技术检测化合物的体外抗HIV-l活性;利用HIV-l逆转录酶、蛋白酶抑制实验,NCp7锌离子逐出实验探讨化合物的作用机制.结果:雪胆素A和雪胆素B在体外有较好的抑制HIV-l活性,其活性主要表现为:(1)抑制HIV-l诱导合胞体形成,EC50值分别为3.09 μg·mL-1和2.53μg·mL-1;(2)抑制HIV- 急性感染的C8106细胞p24抗原产生,EC50值分别为3.97μg·mL-1和18.90μg·mL-1;(3)抑制HIV-1 慢性感染H9与正常C8166细胞间融合,EC50分别为1.76μg·mL-1和11.95μg·mL-1.雪胆素A和雪胆素B对HIV-l逆转录酶、蛋白酶、NCp7锌离子逐出均没有抑制作用.雪胆素A对HIV-1整合酶有微弱的结合活性,而雪胆素B对HIV-1整合酶没有结合活性.在共培养实验中,雪胆素A和雪胆素B预处理C8166细胞组比未经预处理细胞组能够更有效的抑制HIV-l活性.结论:化合物雪胆素A和雪胆素B体外有较好的抗HIV-1活性,可能主要作用于HIV-1病毒进入细胞阶段.

银额果蝇B染色体特异性基因的初步研究

采用代表性差异分析法(RDA)研究了银额果蝇两个单雌系AKM46(含B染色体)和AGZ2(不含B染色体)两基因组间的差异。用AKM46作检测(tester)扩增子,AGZ2作驱赶(driver)扩增子,通过三轮消减杂交后,获得了6个差异片段(100bp-300bp)。实验证实了其中两个片段来自含有B染色体的单雌系AKM46,而且可能是B染色体上的特异基因片段。

中国银额果蝇自然群体B染色体的分布

中国(台湾省外)银额果蝇自然群体中普遍存在Bs。结合前人报道提出,Bs频率的地理分布出现了由东向西和由南向北的规律性的依次升高趋势。这种跨越不同地理环境的区域性梯度变异与其宿主向大陆内地扩散的推论相符。Bs频率最高(87.7%)的是海南岛的孤立隔离群体。大部分群体含Bs的数目多,最多达14条,为标准染色体数目(2n=6)的2.3倍。同时依据该果蝇Bs频率的地理分布特点,将我国现生的银额果蝇划归为5个生态型群体,即沿海丘陵群体、高原型群体、岛屿型群体、山地型群体和峡谷群体等。

Structure and anti-HIV activity of micrandilactones B and C, new nortriterpenoids possessing a unique skeleton from Schisandra micrantha

Two new highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids with a unique norcycloartane skeleton, micrandilactones B and C (1-2), were isolated from Schisandra micrantha; micrandilactone C ( 2) exhibited an EC50 value of 7.71 mu g/mL (SI > 25.94) against HIV-1 replication with minimal cytotoxicity, and the potent anti-HIV-1 activity and unique structural features of 2 make it a promising lead for therapeutic development of a new generation of anti-HIV drug.

Dichotomains A and B: Two new highly oxygenated phenolic derivatives from Dicranopteris dichotoma

Dichotomains A (1) and B (2), two new highly oxygenated phenolic derivatives that feature a spirodilactone moiety in their structures, were isolated from the fronds of Dicranopteris dichotoma. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS sp

Sphenadilactones A and B, two novel nortriterpenoids from Schisandra sphenanthera

Two novel nortriterpenoid compounds, sphenadilactones A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra sphenanthera. The structural elucidation of 1 and 2 was accomplished by extensive NMR analysis. The relative stereochemistry

Phylogenetic relationships in genus Niviventer (Rodentia : Muridae) in China inferred from complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene

Chinese species of the genus Niviventer, predominantly distributed in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and in Taiwan, are a diverse group and have not yet received a thorough molecular phylogenetic analysis. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relatio

Rubriflordilactones A and B, two novel bisnortriterpenoids from Schisandra rubriflora and their biological activities

Rubriflordilactones A (1) and B (2), two novel highly unsaturated rearranged bisnortriterpenoids possessing a biosynthetically modified aromatic D-ring, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra rubriflora. Their structures were established on

Przewalskin B, a novel diterpenoid with an unprecedented skeleton from Salvia przewalskii maxim

[GRAPHIC] Przewalskin B (1), a novel diterpenoid possessing a unique skeleton, was isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant Salvia przewalskii. Its structure and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by extensive NMR analysis and a single-crystal X-ray

Schilancidilactones A and B: two novel tetranortriterpenoids with an unprecedented skeleton from Schisandra lancifolia

Schilancidilactones A (1) and B (2). two novel tetranortriterpenoids possessing an unprecedented skeleton, have been isolated from the stems of Schisandra lancifolia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The r

Molecular phylogeny of five species of Dremomys (Rodentia : Sciuridae), inferred from cytochrome b gene sequences

Analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) showed that Dremomys lokriah, D. pernyi, D. pyrrhomerus, D. rufigenis and D. gularis all are separate species. Dremomys pyrrhomerus showed 8.5% sequence variation from D. rufigenis, and the level o

肉、奶牛B超活体取卵方法

本发明涉及一种肉、奶牛B超活体取卵方法，属生物技术领域。本方法的吸卵真空泵的压力为50-90mmHg，吸卵液为含0.5-1％,青-链霉素和5-10IU肝素的磷酸缓冲液，洗卵液为含5-12％,BCS的磷酸缓冲液和改良的基础培养液-Hepes液；采卵频率为1次/4天/头；穿刺对象为所有直径≥2mm的卵泡；取1-3级的卵母细胞分装、备用；对7-8岁的供体经产牛按程序注射等量的外源性FSH，总量为30-55μg；对≥14岁的老年牛按程序肌肉注射总量为150-200μg的外源性FSH，以提高卵母细胞发育潜能。本发明的优点在于，从活体可重复、无损伤获取卵母细胞；≥2mm直径卵泡作为穿刺对象和每4天1次的取卵频率保证了卵母细胞的质量和发育同步性；用外源性FSH诱导可提高卵母细胞的发育潜能；本方法的取卵效果佳。

肉牛B超活体取卵效果的研究

对肉牛(莫累灰×婆罗门) 利用B 超活体取卵,研究不同年龄和促卵泡素(FSH) 对平均卵泡数、平均卵母细 胞数、平均可利用卵母细胞(COC) 数、卵母细胞回收率、COC 回收率、囊胚率和平均囊胚数的影响。结果表明:肉牛 B 超活体所取卵的数量和质量受年龄的影响,青年牛好于经产牛,经产牛好于老年牛;适量注射FSH 可以提高经产 牛和老年牛的囊胚率和(或) 平均囊胚数。

Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of wood mice (genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829) based on complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, with emphasis on Chinese species

Phylogenetic relationships among 15 species of wood mice (genus Apodemus) were reconstructed to explore some long-standing taxonomic problems. The results provided support for the monophyly of the genus Apodemus, but could not reject the hypothesis of paraphyly for this genus. Our data divided the 15 species into four major groups: (1) the Sylvaemus group (A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, A. alpicola, and A. uralensis), (2) the Apodemus group (A. peninsulae, A. chevreri, A. agrarius, A. speciosus, A. draco, A. ilex, A. semotus, A. latronum, and A. mystacinus), (3) A. argenteus, and (4) A. gurkha. Our results also suggested that orestes should be a valid subspecies of A. draco rather than an independent species; in contrast, A. ilex from Yunnan may be regarded as a separate species rather than a synonym of orestes or draco. The species level status of A. latronum, tscherga as synonyms of A. uralensis, and A. chevrieri as a valid species and the closest sibling species of A. agrarius were further corroborated by our data. Applying a molecular clock with the divergences of Mus and Rattus set at 12 million years ago (Mya) as a calibration point, it was estimated that five old lineages (A. mystacinus and four major groups above) diverged in the late Miocene (7.82-12.74 Mya). Then the Apodemus group (excluding A. mystacinus) split into two subgroups: agrarius and draco, at about 7.17-9.95 Mya. Four species of the Sylvaemus group were estimated to diverge at about 2.92-5.21 Mya. The Hengduan Mountains Region was hypothesized to have played important roles in Apodemus evolutionary histories since the Pleistocene. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.