353 resultados para 2-8


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本书是“高新技术科普丛书”之一。作为信息领域的核心技术,半导体光电子技术在光通信、光盘存储、光纤传感、激光加工以及医疗、军事等方面有着重要的应用,它的发展将直接影响世界经济的进展和人类生活水平的提高。全书共11章,第1章介绍半导体光电子技术的由来和发展趋势;第2、3章重点介绍半导体光电子材料和器件工作原理;第4章到第9章介绍半导体激光器、探测器、光波导器件、光电子集成的结构和特性以及外延生长、微细加工等制造技术,同时介绍了CCD、太阳能电池等器件;最后两章介绍半导体光电子技术的应用。

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本书全面讲解了半导体辐射探测器的工作原理、器件结构、信号读出电子学、器件稳定性用辐射加固等内容。全书共分12章,内容包括:半导体物理、基本半导体结构、能量及辐射水平测量的探测器、位置及能量测量的探测器、探测器及其电子电路的集成、带有本征放大的探测器、探测器工艺、器件稳定性及加固、器件模拟等。 本书适合于半导体器件专业的科技人员及应用半导体辐射探测器的工程技术人员阅读,也可供相应专业的大学生及研究生作为教学参考书。

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本书介绍了纳米半导体材料的定义、性质及其在未来信息技术中的地位的同时,主要介绍了纳米半导体材料制备的方法和共性关键技术,几种常用的纳米半导体材料的评价技术和应变自组装半导体量子点(线)的尺寸、密度分布、形貌、组分及结构特性的实验研究,纳米半导体材料的电子结构、光学和电学性质,基于子带跃迁的量子级联激光器的工作原理、特性和它的发展现状及其应用前景分析,最后重点介绍了纳米半导体器件及应用。本书适合于从事或对纳米半导体科学技术有兴趣的科研工作者、教师、研究生、本科生和工程技术人员阅读,有些章节可作为科普读物。

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本书的内容与1984年第一版的内容完全不同。本书介绍补充了这二十年来半导体科研、生产中最常用的各种检测、分析方法和原理。全书共分7章,包括引论,半导体的高分辨X射线衍射,光学检测与分析,表面、薄膜成分分析,扫描探针显微学在半导体中的运用,透射电子显微学及其在半导体中的应用和半导体深中心的表征。书中根据实践列举了一些实例,同时附有大量参考文献和常用的数据,以便读者进一步参考和应用。

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本书总结了作者多年来的工作经验和近期研究成果,系统地介绍了高速光电子器件测试和微波封装设计方面的实用技术,先进性、学术性和实用性兼备。全书共十一章,内容包括半导体激光器、光调制器和光探测器三种典型高速光电子器件的微波封装设计,网络分析仪扫频测试法、小信号功率测试法、光外差技术等小信号频率响应特性测试方法及测试系统校准方法,数字和模拟通信光电子器件大信号频率响应特性测试方法,光电子器件本征响应特性分析和应用,光谱与频谱分析技术的总结。

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This paper presents experimental results of an analog baseband circuit for China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB) direct conversion receiver in 0.35um SiGe BiCMOS process. It is the first baseband of CMMB RFIC reported so far. A 8(th)-order chebyshev low pass filter (LPF) with calibration system is used in the analog baseband circuit, the filter provides 0.5 dB passband ripple and -35 dB attenuation at 6MHz with the cutoff frequency at 4MHz, the calibration of filter is reported to achieve the bandwidth accuracy of 3%. The baseband variable gain amplifier (VGA) achieves more than 40 dB gain tuning with temperature compensation. In addition, A DC offset cancellation circuit is also introduced to remove the offset from layout and self-mixing, and the remaining offset voltage and current consumption are only 6mV and 412uA respectively. Implemented in a 0.35um SiGe technology with 1.1 mm(2) die size, this tuner baseband achieves OIP3 of 25.5 dBm and dissipate 16.4 mA under 2.8-V supply.

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We present a strain-compensated InP-based InGaAs/InAlAs photovoltaic quantum cascade detector grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. The detector is based on a vertical intersubband transition and electron transfer on a cascade of quantum levels which is designed to provide longitudinal optical phonon extraction stairs. By careful structure design and growth, the whole epilayer has a residual strain toward InP substrate of only -2.8 x 10(-4). A clear narrow band detection spectrum centered at 4.5 mu m has been observed above room temperature for a device with 200 x 200 mu m(2) square mesa.

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ZnTe epilayers were grown on GaAs(0 0 1) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at different VI/II beam equivalent pressure (BEP) ratios (R-VI/II) in a wide range of 0.96-11 with constant Zn flux. Based on in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) observation, two-dimensional (2D) growth mode can be formed by increasing the R-VI/II to 2.8. The Te/Zn pressure ratios lower than 4.0 correspond to Zn-rich growth state, while the ratios over 6.4 correspond to Te-rich one. The Zn sticking coefficient at various VI/II ratios are derived by the growth rate measurement. The ZnTe epilayer grown at a R-VI/II of 6.4 displays the narrowest full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of double-crystal X-ray rocking curve (DCXRC) for (0 0 4) reflection. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization shows that the grain size enlarges drastically with the R-VI/II. The surface root-mean-square (RMS) roughness decreases firstly, attains a minimum of 1.14 nm at a R-VI/II of 4.0 and then increases at higher ratios. It is suggested that the most suitable R-VI/II be controlled between 4.0 and 6.4 in order to grow high-quality ZnTe epitaxial thin films.

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本文从生物质气化的特点出发,介绍了水蒸汽气化、氧气气化及双床气化三种生产中热值煤气技术的原理及方法,讨论了它们各自的气化结果及优缺点。并以氧气气化为例,估算了现有条件下制取中热值生物质气的投资及其生产成本,分析生物质气与常规煤气相比有较强的市场竞争力。

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With naphthalene as biomass tar model compound, partial oxidation reforming (with addition of O-2) and dry reforming of biomass fuel gas were investigated over nickel-based monoliths at the same conditions. The results showed that both processes had excellent performance in upgrading biomass raw fuel gas. Above 99% of naphthalene was converted into synthesis gases (H-2+CO). About 2.8 wt% of coke deposition was detected on the catalyst surface for dry reforming process at 750 degrees C during 108 h lifetime test. However, no Coke deposition was detected for partial oxidation reforming process, which indicated that addition of O-2 can effectively prohibit the coke formation. O-2 Can also increase the CH4 conversion and H-2/CO ratio of the producer gas. The average conversion of CH4 in dry and partial oxidation reforming process was 92% and 95%, respectively. The average H-2/CO ratio increased from 0.95 to 1.1 with the addition of O-2, which was suitable to be used as synthesis gas for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis.

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在干旱半干旱地区,砂石覆盖作为一项传统的覆盖技术,可以明显减少土壤蒸发,为作物生长提供良好的水分条件。为研究不同粒径和厚度砂石覆盖对土壤蒸发的影响,进行了室内模拟试验,对3种粒径(2.5~10、10~25和25~40 mm)和2种覆盖厚度(8 cm和14 cm)以及不同粒径砂石配比条件下土壤水分蒸发进行了研究。结果表明,砂石覆盖能有效地抑制土壤蒸发,在土壤含水量较高的阶段,这种抑制作用更加明显。砂石覆盖对土壤蒸发的抑制作用与粒径和覆盖厚度密切相关,在2.5~40 mm粒径范围内,随着砂石粒径的增大,砂石覆盖对蒸发的抑制作用降低,对蒸发过程的影响减弱,覆盖厚度越大,蒸发量越小。有效的砂石配比应选择细砂石处理,不宜过粗。

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气候变化对黄土高原的水资源有重要影响,对其影响进行评估可以为区域发展提供重要的决策依据。基于分布式水文模型SWAT和4种全球环流模式的各3种排放情景,评估了2010~2039年黄土高塬沟壑区黑河流域水资源对气候变化的潜在响应。结果表明,黑河流域2010~2039年的年均降水变化-2.3%~7.8%,年均最高和最低温度分别升高0.7~2.2℃和1.2~2.8℃,年均径流量变化-19.8%~37.0%,1.2m剖面年均土壤水分含量变化-5.5%~17.2%,年均蒸散量普遍增长0.1%~5.9%;水文气象变量变化趋势复杂,但T检验表明年降水、径流、土壤水分和蒸散增长的概率较大。对于季节变化,降水可能在12~7月份和9月份增长,8月份和10~11月份减少;径流在4~7月份和9~10月份增加,11~3月份和8月份减少;土壤水分在各月都增长;蒸散11~6月份普遍增长,7~10月份减少的可能性较大。未来气候将发生显著变化并对水资源有重要影响,需采取必要的措施来减缓其不利影响。

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采用空间序列取代时间序列的方法,对退耕时间分别为2、4、6和8年的退耕地群落细根特征进行了分析,以探讨退耕地植被演替过程中细根特征在土壤剖面上的变化及其在演替过程中的作用.结果表明:(1)群落细根根长密度和根面积密度随植被演替显著增加;比根长、比根面积和地下/地上生物量也有增加趋势;细根平均直径随植被演替波动,但有减少趋势;(2)在土壤剖面上根长密度、根面积密度和根系生物量均随土壤深度的增加而降低.其中超过63%的根长、61%的根面积和72%的生物量分布在0~20cm的表层土壤中;(3)根径级统计表明,多数细根直径在0~0.5和0.5~1.0mm之间,这两级细根长度占细根总长度的80%以上;(4)逐步回归分析表明,植被演替过程中细根特征的变化主要与土壤有效氮(第2年)、有效磷(第2~8年)和土壤水分(第8年)的含量有关,且随着植被演替,2~6年退耕地中细根特征与土壤资源正相关,而第8年中二者呈负相关.这可能与植物生长对资源的需求与土壤提供资源的能力之间的平衡有关.研究表明,退耕地植被演替过程对土壤资源有一定影响,尤其是土壤水分含量显著减少;而土壤水分等土壤资源的变化又对群落产生影响,导致茵陈蒿先锋群落向地带性...

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利用室内人工模拟降雨,研究了不同初始含水量砂黄土在降雨条件下入渗-径流、土壤侵蚀,以及NO3--N随径流流失和土壤深层淋溶特征。结果表明,初始含水量对产流时刻的影响在相对含水量为49.4%和76.9%之间存在一个转折点,高初始含水量较低含水量产流提前大约15 min;土壤侵蚀量随着土壤初始含水量的增加而增加,相对含水量为97.1%时,侵蚀泥沙量分别是相对含水量22.9%时的2.8倍,49.4%时的2.3倍,76.9%时的1.5倍。初始含水量高的处理径流初始NO3--N浓度高,随后各处理均衰减很快,10 min左右NO3--N含量趋于雨水本底值;土壤初始含水量越低,NO3--N被淋洗的程度越严重,土壤剖面中NO3--N的浓度峰越深。对于黄土高原坡地砂黄土NO3--N迁移特征来看,按照NO3--N迁移数量,随径流和泥沙流失量比向土壤深层迁移的数量小。说明在降雨条件下,NO3--N主要通过土壤深层淋溶损失,且土壤初始含水量越低其损失越严重。针对黄土高原降水量小、分布集中的特点,采取措施增加入渗,蓄积水分,在一定含水量下施肥,以提高氮肥利用率,降低NO3--N的淋溶。