Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRm

A new generation electron cooler has started operation in the heavy ion synchrotron CSRm which is used to increase the intensity of heavy ions. Transverse cooling of the ion beam after horizontal multi-turn injection allows beam accumulation at the injection energy. After optimization of the accumulation process an intensity increase in a synchrotron pulse by more than one order of magnitude has been achieved. In given accumulation time interval of 10 seconds, 108particles have been accumulated and accelerated to the final energy. The momentum spread after accumulation and acceleration in the 10−4 range has been demonstrated in six species of ion beams. Primary measurements of accumulation process varying with electron energy,electron beam current, electron beam profile, expansion factor and injection interval have been performed.The lifetimes of ion beams in the presence of electron beams were roughly measured with the help of DCCT signal.

COD by magnetic field in electron-cooling section and correction at CSR

Application of electron-cooling upgrades the quality of ion beams in the storage rings and brings new problems. The transverse magnetic field distorts the ion orbit while guiding the intense electron beam. The closed-orbit distortion should be and can be localized and controlled well inside the ring acceptance. This paper deals with the field in the e-cool section and concomitant COD of ion orbit and shows the correction scheme.

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRe

The 400 MeV/u C-12(6+) ion beam was successfully cooled by the intensive electron beam near 1 A in CSRe. The momentum cooling time was estimated near 15 s. The cooling force was measured in the cases of different electron beam profiles, and the different angles between the ion beam and electron beam. The lifetime of the ion beam in CSRe was over 80 h. The dispersion in the cooling section was confirmed as positive close to zero. The beam sizes before cooling and after cooling were measured by the moving screen. The beam diameter after cooling was about 1 mm. The bunch length was measured with the help of the signals from the beam position monitor. The diffusion was studied in the absence of the electron beam.

Primary design of stochastic cooling in CSRm

Based on several facts of CSRrn, such as the layout of the ring, the lattice parameters, exiting Schottky noise diagnosis equipment and fund, the primary stochastic cooling design of CSRm has been carried out. The optimum cooling time and the optimum cooling bandwidth axe obtained through simulation using the cooling function. The results indicate that the stochastic cooling is quite a powerful cooling method for CSRm. The comparison of the cooling effects of stochastic cooling and electron cooling in CSR are also presented. We can conclude that the combination of the two cooling methods on CSRrn will improve the beam cooling rate and quality beam greatly.

Electron beam longitudinal temperature of electron cooler on the CSR

Electron beam longitudinal temperature is an important parameter on electron cooling devise. In this paper, electron beam longitudinal temperature on the HIRFL-CSR electron cooling devise is deduced from four important factors-flattened distribution, electrostatic accelerate, space charge effect and beam scattering.

HIRFL-CSR commissioning in 2006 and 2007

HIRFL-CSR, a new heavy ion cooler-storage-ring system at IMP, had been in commissioning since the beginning of 2006. In the two years of 2006 and 2007 the CSR commissioning was finished, including the stripping injection (STI), electron-cooling with hollow electron beam, C-beam stacking with the combination of STI and e-cooling, the wide energy-range synchrotron ramping from 7 MeV/u to 1000 MeV/u by changing the RF harmonic-number at mid-energy, the multiple multi-turn injection (MMI), the beam accumulation with MMI and e-cooling for heavy-ion beams of Ar, Kr and Xe, the fast extraction from CSRm and single-turn injection to CSRe, beam stacking in CSRe and the RIBs mass-spectrometer test with the isochronous mode in CSRe by using the time-of-flight method.

Intrabeam scattering of heavy ions at HIRFL-CSR

Small-angle multiple intrabeam scattering (IBS) is an important effect for heavy-ion storage rings with electron cooling, because the cooling time is determined by the equilibrium between cooling and IBS process. All usually used numerical algorithms of IBS growth rate calculations are based on the model of the collisions proposed by A.Piwinski, but this result is a multidimensional integral. In this paper, the IBS growth rates are simulated for HIRFL-CSR using symmetric elliptic integral method, and compared with several available IBS code results.

General design of the CSR project in IMP

CSR, a new accelerator project under the construction. to upgrade the existing heavy ion cyclotron system in Lanzhou, is a double cooling-storage-ring system. It consists of a main ring and an experimental ring. The heavy ion beams from the cyclotron system will be accumulated and accelerated first in the main ring, then extracted to produce radioactive ion beams or high-Z beams, and finally to be send to the second ring for internal-target experiments.

OVERVIEW ON THE HIRFL-CSR FACILITY

The status of the HIRFL (Heavy Ion Facility in Lanzhou) - Cooler Storage Ring (CSR) at the IMP is reported. The main physics goals at the HIRFL-CSR are the researches on nuclear structure and decay property, EOS of nuclear matter, hadron physics, highly charged atomic physics, high energy density physics, nuclear astrophysics, and applications for cancer therapy, space industries, materials and biology sciences. The HIRFL-CSR is the first ion cooler-storage-ring system in China, which consists of a main ring (CSRm), an experimental ring (CSRe) and a radioactive beamline (RIBLL2). The two existing cyclotrons SFC (K=70) and SSC (K=450) are used as its injectors. The 7MeV/u12C6+ ions were stored successfully in CSRm with the stripping injection in January 2006. After that, realized were the accelerations of C-12(6+), Ar-36(18+), Kr-78(28+) and Xe-129(27+) ions with energies of 1GeV/u, 1GeV/u, 450 MeV/u and 235 MeV/u, respectively, including accumulation, electron cooling and acceleration. In 2008, the first two isochronous mass measurement experiments with the primary beams of Ar-36(18+) and Kr-78(28+) were performed at CSRe with the Delta p/p similar to 10(-5).

HIRFL-CSRm电子冷却模拟与实验

本论文从理论、模拟和实验三方面研究了HIRFL-CSRm离子束的电子冷却累积过程。 在没有内靶实验装置的电子冷却储存环中，离子束的冷却过程，是离子在电子冷却效应和以束内散射为主的各种加热效应共同作用下，发射度收缩并趋于平衡的过程。其中磁化冷却力的求解是研究电子冷却效应的理论基础，本论文采用Monte-Carlo技术解决了两体碰撞模型下磁化冷却力复杂积分表达式的求解，探讨了影响磁化冷却力的参数。针对离子束内散射过程，论文在B-M模型下束内散射率表达式的基础上，通过应用Carlson第二类椭圆积分形式实现了束内散射导致的束流发射度和动量分散变化的快速计算，分析了其对HIRFL-CSRm冷却累积过程的影响。 由于冷却力是离子-电子相对速度的复杂函数，而且考虑离子在储存环中的横向振荡和纵向运动特性，以及电子束空间电荷效应等情况下，冷却过程中束流发射度和动量分散的时间变化率无法解析计算。本论文采用模型离子跟踪方法，模拟了离子束特征参数在冷却过程中的变化，明确了电子束参数对冷却过程的影响函数，计算了几种典型离子束冷却累积的最佳参数值，并对测量冷却效应的实验方法进行了模拟研究。 对HIRFL-CSRm五种重离子束流（7.07MeV/u12C4+、8.28MeV/u12C5+、7.07MeV/u12C6+、21.6MeV/u36Ar18+、2.93MeV/u129Xe27+）的电子冷却和累积过程进行了初步的实验研究。采用电子束能量调制的方法，测量了12C6+和36Ar18+离子束受到的纵向冷却力随离子-电子相对速度变化的函数，分析了电子束密度、形状及电子束-离子束夹角对36Ar18+离子受到的纵向冷却力大小的影响。通过改变Bump触发的间隔时间研究了12C6+离子的横向冷却效应。实验研究了电子束密度、形状对几种束流的累积效率及储存束流寿命的影响，以及Bump幅度、Bump时间结构、注入间隔时间、绝热展开因子等参数对束流累积效率的影响。实验测量并理论验证了12C6+和36Ar18+强流束的集体效应，探讨了强流离子束的不稳定性。最后，论文展望了在HIRFL-CSR上进一步开展电子冷却实验的方向