Genome 10K: A Proposal to Obtain Whole-Genome Sequence for 10 000 Vertebrate Species

The human genome project has been recently complemented by whole-genome assessment sequence of 32 mammals and 24 nonmammalian vertebrate species suitable for comparative genomic analyses. Here we anticipate a precipitous drop in costs and increase in sequ

Relaxation of yeast mitochondrial functions after whole-genome duplication

Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy production in most eukaryotic organisms. However, when glucose is abundant, yeast species that underwent whole-genome duplication (WGD) mostly conduct fermentation even under aerobic conditions, and most can

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term potentiation in CA1 region affects synaptic expression of glutamate receptor subunits and associated proteins in the whole hippocampus

Long term potentiation in hippocampus, evoked by high-frequency stimulation, is mediated by two major glutamate receptor subtypes, alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Receptor subunit compos

Whole-body amino acid pattern of F-4 human growth hormone gene-transgenic red common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed diets with different protein levels

F-4 generation of human growth hormone (hGH) gene-transgenic red common carp, and the non-transgenic controls were fed for 8 weeks on purified diets with 20%, 30% or 40% protein. Analysis of whole-body amino acids showed that the proportions of lysine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine and alanine, as percentages of body protein, increased significantly, while those of arginine, glutamic acid and tyrosine decreased, with increases in dietary protein level in at least one strain of fish. Proportions of the other amino acids were unaffected by the diets. The proportions of lysine and arginine were significantly higher, while those of leucine and alanine were lower in the transgenics than in the controls in at least one diet group. Proportions of the other amino acids were unaffected by strain. The results suggest that the whole-body amino acid profile of transgenic carp, when expressed as proportions of body protein, was in general, similar to that of the non-transgenic controls. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of defects and whole wafer uniformity of annealed undoped semi-insulating InP wafers

Semi-insulating (SI) InP wafers of 2 and 3 in. diameters have been prepared by annealing undoped LEC InP at 930 degreesC for 80 h under pure phosphorus ambient (PP) and iron phosphide ambient (IP). The electrical uniformity of annealed undoped SI wafers, along with a Fe-doped as-grown SI LEC InP wafer, has been characterized by whole wafer PL mapping and radial Hall measurements. Defects in these wafers have been detected by photo-induced current transient spectroscopy (PICTS). The results indicated that the uniformity of IP wafer is much better than that of PP wafer and as-grown Fe-doped Si InP wafer. There are fewer traps in undoped SI InP IP wafer than in as grown Fe-doped and undoped SI InP PP wafer, as evidenced by PICTS. The good uniformity of the IP wafer is related to the nonexistence of high concentration of thermally induced defects. The mechanism for this phenomenon is discussed based on the results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of defects and whole wafer uniformity of annealed undoped semi-insulating InP wafers

Semi-insulating (SI) InP wafers of 2 and 3 in. diameters have been prepared by annealing undoped LEC InP at 930 degreesC for 80 h under pure phosphorus ambient (PP) and iron phosphide ambient (IP). The electrical uniformity of annealed undoped SI wafers, along with a Fe-doped as-grown SI LEC InP wafer, has been characterized by whole wafer PL mapping and radial Hall measurements. Defects in these wafers have been detected by photo-induced current transient spectroscopy (PICTS). The results indicated that the uniformity of IP wafer is much better than that of PP wafer and as-grown Fe-doped Si InP wafer. There are fewer traps in undoped SI InP IP wafer than in as grown Fe-doped and undoped SI InP PP wafer, as evidenced by PICTS. The good uniformity of the IP wafer is related to the nonexistence of high concentration of thermally induced defects. The mechanism for this phenomenon is discussed based on the results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.