K418与42CrMo异种金属的激光穿透焊接

实验研究了连续波Nd：YAG激光焊接速度、侧吹保护气流量和离焦量等参量对激光穿透焊接K418和42CrMo焊缝成形的影响。结果表明，K418与42CrMo激光穿透焊接有X形和T形两种典型的焊缝形貌，且焊缝形貌是不对称的。随着焊接速度的提高，焊接线能量降低，焊缝尺寸变小，且焊缝上部尺寸变化比下部尺寸变化慢，焊缝形貌由X形过渡到T形。当离焦量在瑞利长度范围内时，焊缝正面宽度变化很小；当离焦量超出瑞利长度范围时，在足够高的激光功率密度下，焊缝正面宽度快速增加。在激光功率为3kW，侧吹保护气角度为35°条件下，通过优化焊接速度、侧吹保护气流量和离焦量等参量可以得到最佳焊缝质量。

Thermocapillary Effect in a Thermal Rheological Jet

The process of die swell in polymer jets is an important feature within polymer processing and can be explained through a study of its rheological effects. The existence of a thermocapillary effect, driven by the gradient of its surface tension, should be considered when examining a thermal jet that has a non-uniform temperature distribution on its free surface, as in various polymer processings. Both the rheological effect and thermocapillary effect on die swell can be studied numerically through a finite element method as used on a two-dimensional and unsteady model, in which a Coleman-Noll second-order fluid model is employed. The results show that the expanding angle depends on both the rheological property of the fluid and the pressure at the vessel exit. Although both the thermocapillary and the rheological effects contribute to the cross-section expansion of the fluid jet, the latter is more important in determining the expansion.

The Hydrothermal Wave Of Large-Prandtl-Number Fluid In A Shallow Cavity

The hydrothermal wave was investigated numerically for large-Prandtl-number fluid (Pr = 105.6) in a shallow cavity with different heated sidewalls. The traveling wave appears and propagates in the direction opposite to the surface flow (upstream) in the case of zero gravity when the applied temperature difference grows and over the critical value. The phase relationships of the disturbed velocity, temperature and pressure demonstrate that the traveling wave is driven by the disturbed temperature, which is named hydrothermal wave. The hydrothermal wave is so weak that the oscillatory flow field and temperature distribution can hardly be observed in the liquid layer. The exciting mechanism of hydrothermal wave is analyzed and discussed in the present paper.

焊接接头热影响区的海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率

本文采用T型板状焊接接头试件承受弯曲循环载荷进行空气中和海水自由腐蚀条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验(海水中试验条件为R=0-0.1,加载频率0.2Hz,海水温度20℃±1℃),得到了海上平台钢E36-Z35焊接接头热影响区在空气中和海水中裂纹扩展速率da/dN～AK曲线和Paris公式中相应的C和m值,并进行了讨论. 应用本文得到的试验数据,用断裂力学方法对板状焊接接头在空气中和海水中自由腐蚀条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行了估算,结果表明,在适当考虑裂纹起始寿命的情况下,用断裂力学方法估算的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命与试验结果相当符合.文中还讨论了初始裂纹尺寸的选取对估算裂纹扩展寿命的影响.

简单金属在流体静负载下的力学稳定性与理论拉伸强度

本文根据经典力学的稳定性条件,用膺势方法导出了立方晶体在流体静负载下的经典稳定性判据:B(P)>0,C′(P)>0和C(P)>0。然后计算了七种简单金属(Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Al和Pb)在零温和流体静负载下的稳定性范围与理论拉伸强度。

有限厚星系盘内域的泊松方程近似解析解

<正> 在星系密度波的渐近理论中,泊松方程的近似解析解有着十分重要的意义.对于无限薄盘,徐遐生、Bertin等以旋臂倾角参数i_0=m/kr为小参数先后求得相应泊松方程的一、二级渐近解,这些解可以很好地用于比较紧卷的螺旋结构,在平面盘密度波理论中起过重要作用;对于有限厚盘,彭秋和等人也曾得到相应泊松方程的一种解,不过此解需假定物质密度

对流放电CO_2激光器的饱和特性

本文从微观的分子模型出发,得到了饱和强度的定量解析表达式。考虑了激励区气压、温度、流速的变化,计算了不同参量下激励区各点的饱和强度和小信号增益。分析讨论了气压、流速、气比、放电比功率对饱和强度及小信号增益的影响。并将饱和强度的计算结果与实验进行了比较,结果符合较好。

飞秒激光的波长对SiC材料烧蚀的影响

利用10倍的显微物镜将近红外飞秒激光脉冲汇聚到宽带隙半导体材料6HSiC的前表面，研究样品的烧蚀及诱导微细结构。用扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscope，SEM）及光学显微镜测量烧蚀斑。利用烧蚀面积与激光脉冲能量的关系确定SiC的烧蚀阈值。给出了SiC样品的烧蚀阈值与飞秒激光波长的依赖关系。实验结果表明，可见光区随波长增加，烧蚀阈值从0．29J／cm^2增加到0．67J／cm^2；而在近红外区，SiC的烧蚀阈值为0．70J／cm^2左右，基本上不随激光波长变化而改变。结合计算结

A pseudo-spin model for the wall of cytoskeletal microtubule

A pseudo-spin model is intended to describe the physical dynamics of unbound electrons in the wall of cytoskeletal microtubule (MT). Due to the inherent symmetry of the structure and the electric properties in the MT, one may treat it as a one-dimensional ferroelectric system, and describe the nonlinear dynamics of dimer electric dipoles in one protofilament of the MT by virtue of the double-well potential. Consequently, the physical problem has been mapped onto the pseudo-spin system, and the mean-field approximation has been taken to get some physical results.

Near-field x-ray phase contrast imaging and phase retrieval algorithm

Theoretical analyses of x-ray diffraction phase contrast imaging and near field phase retrieval method are presented. A new variant of the near field intensity distribution is derived with the optimal phase imaging distance and spatial frequency of object taken into account. Numerical examples of phase retrieval using simulated data are also given. On the above basis, the influence of detecting distance and polychroism of radiation on the phase contrast image and the retrieved phase distribution are discussed. The present results should be useful in the practical application of in-line phase contrast imaging.

光致聚合物中单体及粘结剂对全息性能的影响

研究了单体及粘结剂等成份对全息光致聚合物薄膜光存储性能的影响。在相同引发条件下．以丙烯酰胺作为单体时，光聚物的衍射效率明显高于以丙烯酸和N羟甲基丙烯酰胺作为单体时光聚物的衍射效率。向丙烯酰胺中加入少量N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺，可以改善膜表面的光学质量．降低散射光强度，并提高膜的保存时间。在聚乙烯醇膜中单体聚合程度明显优于在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的程度，在大分子量的聚乙烯醇中的衍射效率及感光灵敏度高于在小分子量中的衍射效率和感光灵敏度，而且大分子量的聚乙烯醇能够制备厚膜，这是实现全息海量存储的一个重要因素。

连续可调纳秒脉冲LD驱动电源的研制

为了满足单模尾纤输出脉冲半导体激光器及其后级光放大的要求,研制了一种重频、脉宽及峰值电流均连续可调的纳秒脉冲驱动电源。该电源使用功率场效应管作为开关,通过分析其驱动特性,采用合适的栅极驱动电路,从而缩短了脉冲宽度,增加了带负载能力;同时电源中的保护电路采用自断电等保护措施,能有效保证LD的安全工作。实验结果表明,该驱动电源工作稳定,能满足单模尾纤输出脉冲LD重频、脉宽、峰值可调的要求。

Upconversion emissions in Yb3+-Tm3+-doped tellurite glasses excited at 976 nm

Intense Tm3+ blue upconversion emission has been observed in Tm3+-Yb3+ codoped oxyfluoride tellurite glass under excitation with a diode laser at 976 nm. Three emission bands centered at 475, 650 and 796 nm corresponding to the transitions (1)G(4) -> H-3(6), (1)G(4) -> H-3(4) and F-3(4) -> H-3(6), respectively, simultaneously occur. The dependence of upconversion intensities on Tm3+ ions concentration and excitation power are investigated. For fixed Yb2O3 concentrations of 5.0 mol%, the maximum upconversion intensity was obtained with Tm2O3 concentration of about 0.1 mol%. The blue upconversion luminescence lifetimes of the Tm3+ transitions (1)G(4) -> H-3(6) are measured. The results are evaluated by the possible upconversion mechanisms.

Diode-pumped Yb : GSO femtosecond laser

Compact femtosecond laser operation of Yb:Gd2SiO5 (Yb:GSO) crystal was demonstrated under high-brightness diode-end-pumping. A semiconductor saturable absorption mirror was used to start passive mode-locking. Stable mode-locking could be realized near the emission bands around 1031, 1048, and 1088 nm, respectively. The mode-locked Yb: GSO laser could be tuned from one stable mode-locking band to another with adjustable pulse durations in the range 1 similar to 100 ps by slightly aligning laser cavity to allow laser oscillations at different central wavelengths. A pair of SF10 prisms was inserted into the laser cavity to compensate for the group velocity dispersion. The mode-locked pulses centered at 1031 nm were compressed to 343 fs under a typical operation situation with a maximum output power of 396 mW. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.