分子镀法制备厚镅(~(241,243)Am)靶

研究了异丙醇 -硝酸介质中镅 ( 2 4 1,2 4 3Am)的分子镀过程和实验条件。在保持电压为 550 V、电流密度为 4～ 6m A/ cm2 的条件下电镀 1h,通过一次分子镀过程就能在薄铝箔 (厚度 7μm)衬底材料上制备出厚度为 0 .6～ 1.2 mg/ cm2的 2 4 1,2 4 3Am靶。

A velocity map ion-imaging study on C2H5SH and C3H7SH photodissociation at 243 nm

Photodissociation dynamics Of C2H5SH, i-C-3-H7SH and n-C3H7SH at 243.1 nm were investigated using velocity map ion-imaging method. H-atom photolysis products were detected by a (2 + 1) resonance enhanced ionization scheme. Both the angular distribution and translational energy distribution of the H-atom elimination processes were determined from the ion images of the H-atom products. The experimental results indicate that the H-atom eliminations from these molecules are mainly direct and fast dissociation processes from a repulsive potential energy state. And a more statistical dissociation process that likely occurs oil the ground state via internal conversion has also been observed. Dissociation energies of the S-H bonds are also derived from the H-atom product translational energy distributions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

A Numerical Study for Turbulent Flow and Thermal Influence Over Inhomogenous Canopy of Roughness Elements

A large-eddy simulation with transitional structure function(TSF) subgrid model we previously proposed was performed to investigate the turbulent flow with thermal influence over an inhomogeneous canopy, which was represented as alternative large and small roughness elements. The aerodynamic and thermodynamic effects of the presence of a layer of large roughness elements were modelled by adding a drag term to the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and a heat source/sink term to the scalar equation, respectively. The layer of small roughness elements was simply treated using the method as described in paper (Moeng 1984, J. Atmos Sci. 41, 2052-2062) for homogeneous rough surface. The horizontally averaged statistics such as mean vertical profiles of wind velocity, air temperature, et al., are in reasonable agreement with Gao et al.(1989, Boundary layer meteorol. 47, 349-377) field observation (homogeneous canopy). Not surprisingly, the calculated instantaneous velocity and temperature fields show that the roughness elements considerably changed the turbulent structure within the canopy. The adjustment of the mean vertical profiles of velocity and temperature was studied, which was found qualitatively comparable with Belcher et al. (2003, J Fluid Mech. 488, 369-398)'s theoretical results. The urban heat island(UHI) was investigated imposing heat source in the region of large roughness elements. An elevated inversion layer, a phenomenon often observed in the urban area (Sang et al., J Wind Eng. Ind. Aesodyn. 87, 243-258)'s was successfully simulated above the canopy. The cool island(CI) was also investigated imposing heat sink to simply model the evaporation of plant canopy. An inversion layer was found very stable and robust within the canopy.

Numerical simulation of temperature field evolution of metallic alloy surface due to pulsed laser treatment

This paper performed a numerical simulation on temperature field evolution for the surface layer of a metallic alloy subjected to pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment. The enthalpy method was adopted to solve the moving boundary problem, I.e. Stefan problem. Computational results were obtained to show the temperature field evolution. Effects of latent heat and mushy zone width on the temperature field were investigated. The results also show very high values of temperature gradient and cooling rate, which are typical characteristics during the solidification process.

涡方法中的粘性效应

涡方法中粘性效应可通过涡的随机移动或改变涡核尺寸两种途径并入。本文侧重讨论后者。用改变涡核尺寸并入粘性的方法计算了Blasius平板同题,并与Blasius解做了比较。

非牛顿流体力学

《非牛顿流体力学》一文介绍了由流变学发展起来的一门分支学科——非牛顿流体力学的发展简况、学科内容、研究动向和展望。作者陈文芳教授系英籍非牛顿流体力学专家,1979年来中国,几年来已为我国非牛顿流体力学的发展作出了贡献。作者还深切期望,在本世纪末能建立一个具有中国特色的非牛顿流体力学学派。

湍流自由剪流的自模性理论

本文讨论了自由湍流剪流的速度脉动与温度脉动特性.用与各向同性湍流对比确定经验常数的方法,使所论半经验理论与实验数据的比较中,只有湍流尺度扩散律中的比例系数以及动量扩散与热量扩散问题的各自一个经验常数由实验决定.

夹层板方程的变换和四边简支矩形夹层板的变形问题

本文从杜庆华各向同性线性理论出发,经过变换把基本方程简化为相当于一个单层薄板的方程和三个弹性地基上的薄膜方程.指出了杜庆华各向同性线性理论与Hoff和Reissner理论之间的主要差别为相差一个或两个弹性地基上的薄膜方程.导出了均布载荷和集中载荷作用下四边简支板挠度的近似公式,并按几种理论进行了分析比较.此外,提出了1948年Reissner型线性理论有关挠度的边界条件.在夹层板的合成内力的计算中,发现弯矩与单层板的弯短相同.

Fatigue crack-growth from a circular notch under high-levels of biaxial stress

A series of experiments have been conducted on cruciform specimens to investigate fatigue crack growth from circular notches under high levels of biaxial stress. Two stress levels (Δσ₁= 380 and 560 MPa) and five stress biaxialities (λ=+1.0, +0.5, 0, −0.5 and −1.0; where λ=σ₂/σ₁ were adopted in the fatigue tests in type 316 stainless steel having a monotonic yield strength of 243 MPa. The results reveal that fatigue crack growth rates are markedly influenced by both the stress amplitude and the stress biaxiality. A modified model has been developed to describe fatigue crack growth under high levels of biaxial stress.

激光熔凝加工中瞬时温度场及残余应力数值模拟

以激光熔凝表面强韧化处理为背景，应用空间弹塑性有限单元和高精度数值算法同时考虑材料组织性能的变潜模拟工件的温度场及残余应力，研究激光熔凝加工中瞬时温度场及残余应力数值模拟，同时考虑相变潜热及相变塑性的影响，用算例验证了模型的正确性，给出了不同时刻温度场分布及残余应力分布。

冲击载荷作用下容器壳体动态响应的初步数值研究

本文针对带椭球封头的爆炸容器,黑索今(RDX)在中心处的爆炸用点爆炸模型描述,利用四阶Runge-Kutta法求解一组常微分方程得到爆炸近场的自相似解。采用有限体积形式的PPM格式求解轴对称Euler方程,得到了容器内冲击波传播及其演化的图象。以计算得到的冲击载荷为基础,修改HONDO程序,壳体弹塑性模型采用J_2流动理论描述。对冲击波和壳体的耦合作用进行了初步的数值研究。计算结果表明:容器内爆炸冲击波和壳体中应力波的传播及其演化与物理上的定性分析结果是一致的。由于应力波传播速度较冲击波快,因此,在冲击波未到达的静止流场,流场出现扰动声波,并向中心传播。封头顶点附近出现最大变形。在中等载荷作用下,可忽略壳体变形对流场的影响。

New Numerical Algorithms in SUPER CE/SE and Their Applications in Explosion Mechanics

The new numerical algorithms in SUPER/CESE and their applications in explosion mechanics are studied. The researched algorithms and models include an improved CE/SE (space-time Conservation Element and Solution Element) method, a local hybrid particle level set method, three chemical reaction models and a two-fluid model. Problems of shock wave reflection over wedges, explosive welding, cellular structure of gaseous detonations and two-phase detonations in the gas-droplet system are simulated by using the above-mentioned algorithms and models. The numerical results reveal that the adopted algorithms have many advantages such as high numerical accuracy, wide application field and good compatibility. The numerical algorithms presented in this paper may be applied to the numerical research of explosion mechanics.

Charge displacement in ultraintense laser-plasma interaction

The distribution of optical held and charge density in the interaction between ultraintense ultrashort pulse laser and plasma is studied by numerical computation. The plasma considered has an exponential density profile. which corresponds to isothermal expanding. Our calculation shows that electrons are pushed forward by the incident laser, but ions, due to their much greater inertia, remain stationary. The resulting charge displacement forms a strong electrostatic field in the plasma. After the interaction of laser pulse and plasma. electrostatic energy still exists even after the laser pulse and will be absorbed by the plasma finally. This serves as an explanation to the mechanism of laser energy deposited into plasma.

光纤耦合波长复用的全息光盘存储记录

详细描述了用光纤耦合、波长复用的全息光盘仔储光路．指出在全息光盘驱动器即将市场化的今天．由于其光路简单、光学元件较少、性价比高．很有可能成为新的全息光盘驱动器的核心技术之一。由于短波长单模光纤及其双波长光纤分束器件的要求比较高．而用多模光纤进行准单模输出调整．以及用分光棱镜进行光束的分光．同时用对双波长敏感的光致聚合物材料进行存储．其光谱灵敏度均匀．光谱范围互不重叠。实验结果表明．光路结构合理．存储效果良好。