分子镀法制备厚镅(~(241,243)Am)靶

研究了异丙醇 -硝酸介质中镅 ( 2 4 1,2 4 3Am)的分子镀过程和实验条件。在保持电压为 550 V、电流密度为 4～ 6m A/ cm2 的条件下电镀 1h,通过一次分子镀过程就能在薄铝箔 (厚度 7μm)衬底材料上制备出厚度为 0 .6～ 1.2 mg/ cm2的 2 4 1,2 4 3Am靶。

Main Progress of Microgravity Sciences and Space Life Sciences Research in China

The progress of the research activities on space material sciences, microgravity ‰uid physics and combustion, space life sciences and biotechnology research, fundamental Physics in China are brie‰y summarized in the present paper. The major space missions and experimental results obtained on board the Chinese recoverable/non-recoverable satellites and the Chinese manned spaceship named ``Shen-Zhou'' are presented summarily. The recent main activities of the ground-based studies in China are introduced in brief.

Gamma-Ray Attenuation Technique For Measuring Void Fraction In Horizontal Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow

The measurement of void fraction is of importance to the oil industry and chemical industry. In this article, the principle and mathematical method of determining the void fraction of horizontal gas-liquid flow by using a single-energy gamma-ray system is described. The gamma-ray source is the radioactive isotope of Am-241 with gamma-ray energy of 59.5 keV. The time-averaged value of the void fraction in a 50.0-mm i.d. transparent horizontal pipeline is measured under various combinations of the liquid flow and gas flow. It is found that increasing the gas flow rate at a fixed liquid flow rate would increase the void fraction. Test data are compared with the predictions of the correlations and a good agreement is found. The result shows that the designed gamma-ray system can be used for measuring the void fraction in a horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow with high accuracy.

新材料与材料制备新工艺研讨会选辑前言

新材料与材料制备新工艺研讨会选辑前言洪友士中国科学院力学研究所，北京１０００８０１９９４年８月，中科院力学所在青岛举办了“新材料与材料制备新工艺高级研讨班”。有４０多位研究人员参加了此次学术研讨，其中有７位特邀代表，他们是：中科院固体物理所葛庭燧院士...

分子振动的局部模和键选择化学反应的可能性

<正> 1.前言 激光这门新技术由于它的高单色性和可调谐等特点,人们一直关注它在化学领域内的应用。同位素分离和键选择性激发化学反应是最引人住目的两个问题。一般的化学反应由于不足在分子水平上进行控制的,其进程遵从统计规律,因此往往伴随着产生许多并不需要的中间产物和能量的浪费。如果人们能在分子水平上控制化学反应,即拆开需要拆开的键,组合需要组合的键,那就不但可以使反应在低温条件下进行,而且可能合成某些预

多向铺层碳/环氧复合材料特性及声发射分析

本文对六种多向铺层的碳纤维增强环氧复合材料的拉伸破坏性能进行了研究,并采用声发射技术监测其损伤扩展过程,分析了它们的破坏机理。 新型的高性能碳纤维增强环氧复合材料应用于宇航、机械及体育器具等,由于工作条件及受力情况是复杂的,采用多向铺层才能满足受拉、压、弯、剪、扭等不同载荷的分别组合,具体铺层设计要针对主要承力情况来确定。多向铺层复合材料的损伤破坏比单向铺层的情况复杂,更需要采用试验的手段来研究它们的力学性能和破坏机理。在非破坏性测试中声发射技术的特点在于能够配合加载装置在进行试验过程中检测并记录复合材料的破坏过程,而且不移动探头的位置即可监测材料的较大区域,因此应用愈来愈多。声发射技术是利用材料或构件受力变形或损伤过程中应变释放产生弹性波这一原理来检测材料的缺陷、退化和破坏,评定材料的性能。声发射技术可以检测复合材料的剪切破坏及拉伸屈服破坏、分层及纤维断裂、粘接强度等。 本工作对六种多向铺层碳/环氧复合材料(包括0/90、±45°、30/60和三种碳布)进行拉伸试验,确定了它们的强度、模量、最大应变率及泊松比,给出六种不同铺层的应力应变关系以及声发射信号量的关系。采用声发射技术配合显微镜观测手段分析不同铺层的碳/环氧材料的声发射表征

Influence of 2 secondary effects on shear failure of cantilever with attached mass block under impulsive loading

The influence of two secondary effects, rotatory inertia and presence of a crack, on the dynamic plastic shear failure of a cantilever with an attached mass block at its tip subjected to impulsive loading is investigated. It is illustrated that the consideration of the rotatory inertia of the cantilever and the presence of a crack at the upper root of the beam both increase the initial kinetic energy of the block required to cause shear failure at the interface between the beam tip and the tip mass, where the initial velocity has discontinuity Therefore, the influence of these two secondary effects on the dynamic shear failure is not negligible.

Compressible laminar boundary-layer flows of a dusty gas over a semi-infinite flat-plate

The compressible laminar boundary-layer flows of a dilute gas-particle mixture over a semi-infinite flat plate are investigated analytically. The governing equations are presented in a general form where more reasonable relations for the two-phase interaction and the gas viscosity are included. The detailed flow structures of the gas and particle phases are given in three distinct regions : the large-slip region near the leading edge, the moderate-slip region and the small-slip region far downstream. The asymptotic solutions for the two limiting regions are obtained by using a seriesexpansion method. The finite-difference solutions along the whole length of the plate are obtained by using implicit four-point and six-point schemes. The results from these two methods are compared and very good agreement is achieved. The characteristic quantities of the boundary layer are calculated and the effects on the flow produced by the particles are discussed. It is found that in the case of laminar boundary-layer flows, the skin friction and wall heat-transfer are higher and the displacement thickness is lower than in the pure-gas case alone. The results indicate that the Stokes-interaction relation is reasonable qualitatively but not correct quantitatively and a relevant non-Stokes relation of the interaction between the two phases should be specified when the particle Reynolds number is higher than unity.

激光熔凝加工中瞬时温度场及残余应力数值模拟

以激光熔凝表面强韧化处理为背景，应用空间弹塑性有限单元和高精度数值算法同时考虑材料组织性能的变潜模拟工件的温度场及残余应力，研究激光熔凝加工中瞬时温度场及残余应力数值模拟，同时考虑相变潜热及相变塑性的影响，用算例验证了模型的正确性，给出了不同时刻温度场分布及残余应力分布。

Main Progress of Microgravity Sciences and Space Life Sciences Research in China

湍流射流理论与计算

板壳断裂力学

本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值；介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。

目录

燃烧物理学基础