Theoretical investigation of epitaxial deformation and the hcp-bcc transition of alkali metals

The deformation of alkali metals K, Rb, and Cs under epitaxial deformation is studied via the ab initio pseudopotential plane wave method using the local-density approximation. Under loading from the stable fee phase, metastable stares along directions [001], [111], and [201] are identified. One metastable state, presented at direction [201], has a very low symmetry in contrast to the planes [001] and [201]. Our results show that the softening direction and sequences of growth is significantly affected by the existence of the metastable states and magnitude of the energy barrier. The resulting softening sequences from soft to hard are [201], [110], [001], and [111] under biaxial compression and [001], [111], [201], and [110] under biaxial tension. An orthorhombic deformation path is used to investigate the fact, that the structure of the alkali films K and Cs evolve from the quasihexagonal structure into the (110)-oriented bcc structure, observed by experiments.

Measuring Binding Kinetics Of Surface-Bound Molecules Using The Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology and the Biacore biosensor have been widely used to measure the kinetics of biomolecular interactions in the fluid phase. In the past decade, the assay was further extended to measure reaction kinetics when two counterpart molecules are anchored on apposed surfaces. However, the cell binding kinetics has not been well quantified. Here we report development of a cellular kinetic model, combined with experimental procedures for cell binding kinetic measurements, to predict kinetic rates per cell. Human red blood cells coated with bovine serum albumin and anti-BSA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) immobilized on the chip were used to conduct the measurements. Sensor-grams for BSA-coated RBC binding onto and debinding from the anti-BSA mAb-immobilized chip were obtained using a commercial Biacore 3000 biosensor, and analyzed with the cellular kinetic model developed. Not only did the model fit the data well, but it also predicted cellular on and off-rates as well as binding affinities from curve fitting. The dependence of flow duration, flow rate, and site density of BSA on binding kinetics was tested systematically, which further validated the feasibility and reliability of the new approach. Crown copyright (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

On the tensile behaviors of a hard chromium coating plated on a steel substrate with periodic subsurface inclusions

The tensile behaviors of a hard chromium coating plated on a steel substrate with periodic laser pre-quenched regions have been investigated by experimental and theoretic analysis. In the experiment, three specimens are adopted to study the differences between homogeneous and periodic inhomogeneous substrates as well as between periodic inhomogeneous substrate of relatively softer and stiffer materials. The unique characteristics have been observed in the specimen of periodic inhomogeneous substrate under quasi-static tension loading. With the periodic laser pre-quenched regions being treated as periodic subsurface inclusions (PSI), the unique stress/strain pattern of the specimen is obtained by analytical modeling and FEM analysis, and the mechanisms accounting for the experimental results is preliminarily illustrated.

p Dissipative operator

In this paper the authors prove that the generalized positive p selfadjoint (GPpS) operators in Banach space satisfy the generalized Schwarz inequality, solve the maximal dissipative extension representation of p dissipative operators in Banach space by using the inequality and introducing the generalized indefinite inner product (GIIP) space, and apply the result to a certain type of Schrodinger operator.

Characteristics of the interface of a laser-quenched steel substrate and chromium electroplate

The interface of a laser-discrete-quenched steel substrate and as-deposited chromium electroplate was investigated by ion beam etching, dissolving-substrate-away and using a Vickers microhardness tester, in an attempt to reveal the mechanism that the service life of the chromium-coated parts is increased by the duplex technique of laser pre-quenching plus chromium post-depositing. The laser quenching of the steel substrate can reduce the steep hardness gradient at the substrate/chromium interface and improve the load-bearing capacity of chromium electroplate. Moreover, the laser quenching prior to plating has an extremely great effect on the morphologies and microstructure of the substrate/chromium interface: there is a transient interlayer at the original substrate/chromium interface while there is not at the laser-quenchedzone/chromium interface; the near-substrate surface microstructure and morphologies of the free-standing chromium electrodeposits, whose substrate was dissolved away with nital 30% in volume, inherit the periodically gradient characteristics of the laser-discrete-quenched substrate surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Degradation failure features of chromium-plated gun barrels with a laser-discrete-quenched substrate

The effect of substrate laser-discrete quenching on the degradation failure of chromium-plated gun barrels was metallurgically investigated. The results show that substrate laser-discrete quenching changes the failure patterns of chromium coatings during firing, and some periodic through-thickness cracks in the fired chromium coatings are justly located at original substrate zones between two adjacent laser-quenched tracks. Moreover, chromium coatings and the laser-quenched zones on the substrate are simultaneously degraded in microstructure and property during firing. Furthermore, the periodic structure of the laser-discrete-quenched steel (LDQS) substrate near the breech remains after firing, and the hardness of the fired laser-quenched zones is still higher than that of original substrates. The specific failure features were utilized to illustrate the mechanism of the extended service life of chromium-plated gun barrels with the LDQS substrate. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

纳米磁性粉末成形新工艺──爆炸烧结

纳米磁性材料是发展方向之一。本文就纳米磁性粉末采用爆炸烧结新工艺的可行性进行了全面分析和实验验证，得到了肯定的结论。

含圆形弹性夹杂的反平面问题

运用复变函数技术,求出了无限弹性平面含不同弹性材料的圆形夹杂,在反平面剪切和反平面集中力作用下,应力和位移场的封闭形式解,并由此得出相应的界面应力公式。

TIG 熔修对焊接接头海水腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

对经过 TIG 熔修的海上平台用钢(A537)的板状焊接接头进行了海水腐蚀疲劳试验。试验条件是:加载频率0.2Hz,应力比 R=-1,海水温度20°±1℃,阴极保护电位-850mV±30mV,SCE。就平均寿命来说,TIG 熔修试件的海水腐蚀疲劳寿命为原始焊缝(as-welded)试件寿命的四倍至六倍,并且随应力范围的降低而差别增大.在自由腐蚀条件下,TIG 熔修试件的寿命也比原始焊缝试件的寿命长得多。

弹塑性材料中孔洞成核、发展及应力场

采用Bermin的孔洞成核的局部应力准则以及Euler坐标系下大应变有限元方法,分析了平面应变条件下二相粒子与基体在三种不同的界面结合强度下的宏观材料的力学行为.

生物力学——进展和趋向

<正> 今天,生物力学的发展似乎进入了一个新的时期。它有什么特点?未来如何?这是一个引人关注的问题。要回答这个问题,回顾一下它的过去是必要的。 生物力学的发展大体可分三个时期。 Ⅰ.“前学科”时期 生命现象中力学问题的研究由来已久,可以追溯到亚里士多德.但成为一门独立的学

简化Navier-Stokes方程组(SNSE)的几个精确解

对不可压二维驻点流、三维驻点流和旋转圆盘附近的流动等三种流动情况,本文给出简化Navier-Stokes方程组(SNSE)及其精确解。表明:文献[1]理论的SNSE的精确解,在三种流动情况下均与完全Navier-Stokes方程组(NSE)的精确解完全一致;文献[3]SNSE的精确解的速度解与完全NSE精确解的速度解一致,但压力解在三种流动情况下均与完全NSE精确解的压力解不同。文献[3]SNSE精确解给出的压力分布相对与完全NSE精确解给出的压力分布的最大相对误差为100％。

交流电磁流体直接发电的粘性影响

<正> 本文在磁雷诺数不作任何限制的条件下,对直管感应式发电器(图1)计算了粘性对电参数和流场的影响,并着重探索各种因素对功率因子的影响。

关于动脉血流线性理论的基础

用量纲分析方法分析了动脉脉冲血流线性理论的基础.结论是:1.目前流行的线化条件不适于动脉血流.正确的线化条件应为,或.据此,线性理论适于中等动脉;对主动脉,用以分析压力一流量关系及脉冲波传播特性尚可,不能用来求速度分布.这和实验研究的结论吻合.2.与流动迁移惯性力相比,压力径向梯度的作用是次要的.故在线化条件下考虑径向压力梯度的影响是不必要的.最后用Lou的有限幅度位移模型和最简流动方程给出了解,所得波速公式和计及时一样。

Gain saturation in gas flow and chemical lasers

A theoretical model for gain saturation in gas flow and chemical lasers is presented. The theory is applicable to all possible numerical values of τ/τc, where τ is the characteristie flow time for the flowing gas to move across the laser action region and τc is the characteristic collision relaxation time. The saturation effects of the convection and the "source flow" of the inverted population are revealed. A general relation of gain coefficient and some new gain saturation laws are obtained. For the special case of τ/τc1, the present theoretical results agree with the experimental results on the "anomalous" saturation phenomena in the supersonic diffusion HF chemical laser determined recently by Gross and Coffer[8]. The theory also agrees with the measured results of saturation intensity varying with τ/τc in gas flow CO2 lasers[7]. For the special case of τ/τc1, the present theory is consistent with both the standard theory[1] for gas lasers where the gas has no macroscopic motion and the known gain saturation theory[2-5] for gas flow and chemical lasers.