径流与潮流对长江口泥沙输运的影响

首先建立了一个一维水流、二维泥沙数学模型，以长江口南港北槽为实际背景，研究了径流和潮流共同作用下，泥沙输运的规律；讨论了泥沙近底边界条件，认为非恒定情况下泥沙底边界条件应考虑沉降效应。分析了径流和潮流的不同组合及其对长江口泥沙输运的影响。同时，对长江口实施整治工程后航道的变化进行了预测。

钝锥高超声速边界层来流感受性数值研究

应用作者所建立的高精度非定常激波装配法,数值模拟了高超声速条件下,钝锥绕流快声波来流扰动非定常流场,研究了钝锥超声速边界层对来流扰动感受性特征,研究表明,在各种来流扰动的条件下,钝锥边界层感受到的主要是声波扰动;钝锥边界层内扰动模态,在头部附近是第一模态,向下游依次转换为第二模态、第三模态;另外随钝度减小,边界层内扰动模态的振幅增大,但有一临界值,超过临界后反而减小,并且由于曲率间断的影响,模态振幅随钝度的变化不再是单调变化的.

Spectroscopic properties and thermal stability of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped fluorophosphate glasses

A comprehensive study on the thermal stability and spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped Al(PO3)(3)-based fluorophosphate glasses is reported of the 1.5μ m fibre amplifiers in this paper. From optical absorption spectra, the Judd-Ofelt parameters of Er3+ in the glasses and several important optical properties, such as the radiative transition probability, the branching ratio and the spontaneous emission probability, have been calculated by using Judd-Ofelt theory. The fluorophosphate glass exhibits broadband near-infrared emission at 1.53μ m with a full width at half-maximum over 63nm, and a large calculated stimulated-emission cross-section of 6.85 x 10(-21)cm(2).

云南中西部地区晚第三纪孢粉植物群及其古植被和古气候研究

晚第三纪是云南地区环境演变过程中的关键地质历史时段，本论文以晚第三纪晚中新世（吕合）、晚上新世（羊邑和龙陵）地层中的孢粉为研究对象，结合同层位大化石植物证据，参照现代植被，恢复了云南三个化石出产地区的古植被垂直分布景观，并定性地描述了古气候;同时运用共存分析方法（The Co-existence Approach）定量化地重建了三个地区的古气候参数值;初步推测了沉积地可能的古海拔。 吕合晚中新世孢粉植物群含52个孢粉类型，隶属38科，其中25个类型鉴定到属级。植物群中被子植物占73.1%，裸子植物占11.5%，蕨类植物占15.4%。 吕合孢粉植物群的组成反映该地区在沉积时期植被具有垂直分带特征，沉积地附近分布有常绿阔叶林，包括壳斗科的青冈属、栲属、石栎属和漆树科等植物，以及多种亚热带和温带阔叶成分;林中混生少量针叶树（如松属和杉科等）;林内蕨类植物较少;距沉积地较远的海拔较高的地区分布由铁杉属、冷杉属、雪松属和云杉属组成的针阔混交林或针叶林。 吕合地区晚中新世的气候参数：年均温：13.3-20.9℃，最热月均温：22.5-27.5℃，最冷月均温：2.5-12.6℃，年较差：12.1-24.8℃，年降雨量：803.6-1254.7mm，最大月降雨量：179.4-281.9mm，最小月降雨量：10.2-18.5mm。 羊邑晚上新世孢粉植物群含52个孢粉类型，隶属32科，其中36个类型鉴定到属级。植物群中被子植物占61.5%，裸子植物占9.6%，蕨类植物占25.0%，藻类植物占3.9%。 羊邑孢粉植物群的组成反映在沉积时期该地区的植被具有明显垂直分带特征。湿性常绿阔叶林分布在沉积地附近，以壳斗科的石栎属、青冈属和栲属为主，混生漆树科、桃金娘科、蓼科、大戟科和金缕梅科的枫香属等植物，林内蕨类植物丰富;针阔叶混交林分布在距沉积地较远海拔较高的山地，主要包括松属，铁杉属，罗汉松属和一些阔叶植物类群;云杉林、冷杉林和铁杉林分布在更高海拔的地区。 根据植物群的组成推测羊邑沉积地的古海拔不高于2000m。 羊邑地区晚上新世的气候参数：年均温：13.3-20.9℃，最热月均温：22.5-27.5℃，最冷月均温：1.9-12.6℃，年较差：12.3-25.8℃，年降雨量：797.5-1254.7mm，最大月降雨量：172.4-249.6mm，最小月降雨量：7.2-12.7mm。 龙陵晚上新世孢粉植物群含86个孢粉类型，隶属61科，其中45个类型鉴定到属级。植物群中被子植物占69.0%，裸子植物占4.6%，蕨类植物占24.1%，藻类植物占2.3%。 龙陵孢粉植物群反映当时沉积地区的植被具有明显垂直分带特征。沉积地附近分布有湿润常绿阔叶林，以壳斗科的青冈属、栲属和石栎属为主，混生杜鹃花科、藤黄科、漆树科和无患子科等植物，林内蕨类植物丰富;在距沉积地较远的高海拔的山地上分布有针阔混交林和针叶林，以松属、云杉属、冷杉属和铁杉属植物为主。 龙陵地区晚上新世的气候参数：年均温 18.6-22.1℃，最热月均温：22.8-27.5℃，最冷月均温：9.7-15.1℃，年较差：12.3-18.1℃，年降雨量：815.8-1254.7mm，最大月降雨量：172.4-249.6mm，最小月降雨量：9.8-11.3mm。 综合吕合、羊邑和龙陵孢粉植物群新研究资料和云南地区已有的第三纪孢粉学资料，云南地区晚第三纪时期孢粉植物群组成相对稳定，均已经反映常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林或针叶林垂直分布的植被景观，具有湿润的山地亚热带气候特点。与我国北方晚第三纪孢粉植物群相比，在对全球气候变化的响应上，云南地区晚第三纪孢粉植物群的变化不如北方显著;与我国南方其它地区晚第三纪孢粉植物群相比，虽然在对全球气候变化的响应均表现出不明显，但云南地区在植物区系组成上更为丰富。

中国铃蟾属的分类和系统发育

铃蟾属Bombina分布地跨欧亚二洲。近数十年来,国外学者对这类原始无尾类的分类和进化进行过不少研究,但亚洲产种类的种间亲缘关系仍不清楚,有些种在分类上尚存在疑问。本文以形态为基础,辅以核型资料,试图对中国铃蟾属的分类和进化问题进行探讨。研究结果发现:中国南部产3种（亚种）之间的亲缘关系较近,是一个祖先的后裔。其中强婚刺铃蟾B.fortinuptialis和微蹼铃蟾B.microdeladigitora之间形态差异为不明显,故建议强婚刺铃蟾作为微蹼铃蟾的一个亚种。东方铃蟾B.orientalis另一支系,其形态和核型与欧洲产两种相似, 文中还进一步讨论了铃蟾属的亚属划分是正确的。最后综合有关资料,探讨了铃蟾属的种间亲缘关系和该属的分类地位,并结合地史资料进行了铃蟾属物种分化的初步探讨。

滇池试验围隔内不同形态铁浓度的变化与物化因子的关系

在蓝藻水华形成以后,通过围隔实验,从2003年6月份到10月份定期采样测定水体中的pH、溶解氧(DO)、水温、总铁、亚铁、过滤性铁(<0.45μm)和可溶性磷的浓度,研究物化因子对不同形态铁浓度变化的影响。实验结果表明,蓝藻水华优势种微囊藻在pH 7—9和水温17.5—20.5℃的条件下,生长旺盛,消耗了大量的亚铁,使亚铁浓度大幅度下降;溶解氧和磷酸盐对亚铁浓度没有显著影响;在水华蓝藻严重发生的条件下,水体中的总铁和过滤性铁浓度没有显著意义的变化,而亚铁浓度的变化与水华蓝藻的种群密度成显著负相关(r=-0

Detection and quantitative analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in tilapia from Hawaiian waters

The purpose of this study was to investigate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from the Manna stream and Ala Wai Canal of O'ahu, an island of the geographically isolated Hawaiian archipelago. Our results show that the average concentrations of PCBs varied from 51.90 to 89.42 ng g(-1) lipid weight for the sampling sites. Relative toxic potencies (RTPs) and toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were determined to be 20.38-40.60 ng TCDD g(-1) lipid weight and 2.89-4.17 ng TEQ g(-1) lipid weight by 7-ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity analysis and calculation of PCB concentrations based on toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), respectively. Penta-chlorinated congeners were found to be predominant, which revealed that Aroclor 1254 was a possible major source of PCBs in our fish samples. PCB 118, an indicator PCBs, constituted more than 55% and 30% of the total PCBs and TEQs, respectively. In addition, PCB 118 was found to have a linear correlation to the total PCBs (R = 0.975) and TEQs (R = 0.782). Detection of concentrated PCBs in Hawaiian waters suggests a potentially adverse impact of this pollutant on human health, as well as ecological systems, and suggests the necessity of environmental monitoring and hazard assessment of PCBs within the Hawaiian Islands. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Primary cultured cells as sensitive in vitro model for assessment of toxicants-comparison to hepatocytes and gill epithelia

In an effort to develop cultured cell models for toxicity screening and environmental biomonitoring, we compared primary cultured gill epithelia and hepatocytes from freshwater tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to assess their sensitivity to AhR agonist toxicants. Epithelia were cultured on permeable supports (terephthalate membranes, "filters") and bathed on the apical with waterborne toxicants (pseudo in vivo asymmetrical culture conditions). Hepatocytes were cultured in multi-well plates and exposed to toxicants in culture medium. Cytochrome P4501A (measured as 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, EROD) was selected as a biomarker. For cultured gill epithelia, the integrity of the epithelia remained unchanged on exposure to model toxicants, such as 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), benzo(a)pyrene B[a]P, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture (Aroclor 1254), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture (DE71). A good concentration-dependent response of EROD activity was clearly observed in both cultured gill epithelia and hepatocytes. The time-course response of EROD was measured as early as 3 h, and was maximal after 6 h of exposure to TCDD, B [alp and Aroclor 1254. The estimated 6 h EC50 for TCDD, B [a]P, and Aroclor 1254 was 1.2x10(-9), 5.7x10(-8) and 6.6x10(-6) M. For the cultured hepatocytes, time-course study showed that a significant induction of EROD took place at 18 h, and the maximal induction of EROD was observed at 24 h after exposure. The estimated 24 It EC50 for TCDD, B[a]P, and Aroclor 1254 was 1.4x10(-9), 8.1x10(-8) and 7.3x10(-6) M. There was no induction or inhibition of EROD in DE71 exposure to both gill epithelia and hepatocytes. The results show that cultured gill epithelia more rapidly induce EROD and are slightly more sensitive than cultured hepatocytes, and could be used as a rapid and sensitive tool for screening chemicals and monitoring environmental AhR agonist toxicants. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Compact non-binary fast adders using single-electron devices

This paper proposes compact adders that are based on non-binary redundant number systems and single-electron (SE) devices. The adders use the number of single electrons to represent discrete multiple-valued logic state and manipulate single electrons to perform arithmetic operations. These adders have fast speed and are referred as fast adders. We develop a family of SE transfer circuits based on MOSFET-based SE turnstile. The fast adder circuit can be easily designed by directly mapping the graphical counter tree diagram (CTD) representation of the addition algorithm to SE devices and circuits. We propose two design approaches to implement fast adders using SE transfer circuits the threshold approach and the periodic approach. The periodic approach uses the voltage-controlled single-electron transfer characteristics to efficiently achieve periodic arithmetic functions. We use HSPICE simulator to verify fast adders operations. The speeds of the proposed adders are fast. The numbers of transistors of the adders are much smaller than conventional approaches. The power dissipations are much lower than CMOS and multiple-valued current-mode fast adders. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Temperature dependence of the formation of nano-scale indium clusters in InAlGaN alloys on Si(111) substrates

The temperature dependence of the formation of nano-scale indium clusters in InAlGaN quaternary alloys, which are grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition on GaN/Si(111) epilayers, is investigated. Firm evidence is provided to support the existence of phase separation, or nano-scale In-rich clusters, by the combined results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and micro-Raman spectra. The results of HRXRD and Raman spectra indicate that the degree of phase separation is strong and the number of In clusters in the InAlGaN layers on silicon substrate is higher at lower growth temperatures than that at higher growth temperatures, which limits the In and Al incorporated into the InAlGaN quaternary alloys. The detailed mechanism of luminescence in this system is studied by low temperature photoluminescence (LT-PL). We conclude that the ultraviolet (UV) emission observed in the quaternary InAlGaN alloys arises from the matrix of a random alloy, and the second emission peak in the blue-green region results from the nano-scale indium clusters.