On the economics of the "meeting competition defense" under the Robinson-Patman Act

Documento de trabajo

Análisis de las diferentes tecnologías de centrales termosolares.

[ES]En este proyecto se recoge un análisis de las diferentes tecnologías de centrales termosolares. Las energías renovables tienen un papel fundamental en el abastecimiento energético futuro, ya que son una fuente inagotable con un impacto medioambiental mínimo. Dentro de las renovables, la energía termosolar es una de las más destacables en España, que se ha situado como el país líder en termosolar. Existen cuatro tecnologías diferentes para este tipo de centrales, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en su conocimiento y proporcionar un criterio objetivo que permita seleccionar la más adecuada en futuras instalaciones. Para ello, se considerarán tanto aspectos técnicos como económicos, con el fin de estudiar las principales ventajas y desventajas de cada tipo.

Bilboko Eraztun Berdeko ekosistemek eskaintzen dituzten zerbitzuen azterketa eta erabiltzaileen pertzepzioa

[EUS] Hiriko ekosistemak garrantzi handiko gune berdeak bilakatzen ari diren honetan, geroz eta gehiago dira eremu naturalen kudeaketarako estrategiak garatzeko biodibertsitatearen eta ekosistemen zerbitzuen balioa kontuan hartu behar dela uste dutenak. Ekosistemen zerbitzuen (gizakiak ekosistematik eskuratzen dituen onurak) kudeaketa jasangarria garatzeko, zerbitzuon eskaintza eta eskaria kontuan hartzen dituzten aspektu biofisiko, sozio-kultural eta ekonomikoak ezagutzea beharrezkoa da. Ikerketa honetan, hiritarrek Bilboko Eraztun Berdeko ekosistemek eskaintzen dituzten zerbitzuen inguruan duten pertzepzioa ezagutu nahi da, jendeak eskaintzen diren zerbitzu guztiak hautematen dituen jakiteko. Horretarako, ikertutako arean ekosistemen hiru zerbitzu kartografiatu dira (aspektu biofisikoa) eta 111 pertsona inkestatu dira euren iritzia ezagutzeko (aspektu sozio-kultural eta ekonomikoa). Hala, ikusi da hiritarrek naturak ongizaterako duen garrantzia ezagutzen dutela, nahiz eta ekosistemen zerbitzuen kontzeptua ez ezagutu. Dena dela, ekosistemak egoera onean mantentzeko prest daude, bereziki garrantzitsuak iruditzen baitzaizkie erregulaziozko zerbitzuak (airearen kalitatea) eta zerbitzu kulturalak (lasaitasuna, aisia, eta naturarekin kontaktua). Beraz, emaitza hauek kontuan hartu beharko lituzkete Bilboko Eraztun Berdeko ekosistemen kudeaketaz arduratzen diren agintariek, etorkizun hurbilean zerbitzuen eskaintza eta eskariaren arteko kudeaketa orekatua garatzeko.

The Sustainability of `Sustainable´ Energy Use: Historical Evidence on the Relationship between Economic Growth and Renewable Energy

20 p.

Social, economic, and health impact of the respiratory syncytial virus: a systematic search

Background: Bronchiolitis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and its related complications are common in infants born prematurely, with severe congenital heart disease, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well as in immunosuppressed infants. There is a rich literature on the different aspects of RSV infection with a focus, for the most part, on specific risk populations. However, there is a need for a systematic global analysis of the impact of RSV infection in terms of use of resources and health impact on both children and adults. With this aim, we performed a systematic search of scientific evidence on the social, economic, and health impact of RSV infection. Methods: A systematic search of the following databases was performed: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Spanish Medical Index, MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish, Cochrane Plus Library, and Google without time limits. We selected 421 abstracts based on the 6,598 articles identified. From these abstracts, 4 RSV experts selected the most relevant articles. They selected 65 articles. After reading the full articles, 23 of their references were also selected. Finally, one more article found through a literature information alert system was included. Results: The information collected was summarized and organized into the following topics: 1. Impact on health (infections and respiratory complications, mid-to long-term lung function decline, recurrent wheezing, asthma, other complications such as otitis and rhino-conjunctivitis, and mortality; 2. Impact on resources (visits to primary care and specialists offices, emergency room visits, hospital admissions, ICU admissions, diagnostic tests, and treatments); 3. Impact on costs (direct and indirect costs); 4. Impact on quality of life; and 5. Strategies to reduce the impact (interventions on social and hygienic factors and prophylactic treatments). Conclusions: We concluded that 1. The health impact of RSV infection is relevant and goes beyond the acute episode phase; 2. The health impact of RSV infection on children is much better documented than the impact on adults; 3. Further research is needed on mid-and long-term impact of RSV infection on the adult population, especially those at high-risk; 4. There is a need for interventions aimed at reducing the impact of RSV infection by targeting health education, information, and prophylaxis in high-risk populations.