Begiak erne: klima aldaketa arintzeari buruzko IPCC-ren txostena

6 p.

Klima-aldaketaren eraginak euskal kostaldeko mendebaldeko sakonera handiko begetazio azpimarealean

[eus] Euskal kostaldeko mareazpiko begetazioak aldaketa esanguratsuak jasan ditu azken hiru hamarkadetan. Aurretik egindako ikerketek jakinarazi dute aldaketa horiek klima-aldaketak eragindakoak direla. Ikerketa honen helburua inpaktu horri buruzko informazio gehiago lortzea da. Horretarako, sakonera handiko uretako fitobentosaren osaerari eta ugaritasunari buruzko balioespena egin da. 2014. urteko udan 7 trantsektu ezarri ziren, Kobaroneko muturretik Muskizeko muturreraino. Trantsektu horiek aurretik ikertuak izan ziren 1982 eta 2007 urteetan, eta laginketa suntsitzailea egin zen. Analisi estatistikoek aldaketa esanguratsuak erakusten dituzte sakoneko (9-11m) komunitateetan azken 32 urteetan. Uraren tenperaturaren emendioa eta eguzki-erradiazio altuagoa detektatutako aldaketen erantzuleak izan daitezke neurri batean. Pterosiphonia complanata espezie esziafiloaren gainbeherak eta Cystoseira baccata eta Aphanocladia stichidiosa espezieen ugaritzeak hipotesi hori azaltzen dute. Espero genuenaren kontra, Gelidium corneum espeziea, sakontasun gutxiko uretan gainbehera bortitza jasaten ari dena, ez da 9 metrotik beherako sakonerara lekualdatu. Hala ere, ezin da ziurtatu egungo ingurumeneko baldintzak optimoak ez direnik G. corneum espeziearen garapenerako 9-11 metroko sakoneretan. Migrazio bertikal hori ez gertatzearen arrazoi onargarriena C. baccata- rekiko lehiakortasuna dela dirudi. Bestalde, C. baccata hiru dimentsiotako habitatak eratzeko gai den tamaina handiko alga bat da, espezie askorentzat babesleku gisa diharduena. Ondorioz, haren hedapenak G. corneum-ek sakonera txikiagoetan betetzen zuen funtzioa ordezka lezake neurri batean.

Asset pricing and systematic liquidity risk: an empirical investigation of the Spanish stock market

Systematic liquidity shocks should affect the optimal behavior of agents in financial markets. Indeed, fluctuations in various measures of liquidity are significantly correlated across common stocks. Accordingly, this paper empirically analyzes whether Spanish average returns vary cross-sectionally with betas estimated relative to two competing liquidity risk factors. The first one, proposed by Pastor and Stambaugh (2002), is associated with the strength of volume-related return reversals. Our marketwide liquidity factor is defined as the difference between returns highly sensitive to changes in the relative bid-ask spread and returns with low sensitivities to those changes. Our empirical results show that neither of these proxies for systematic liquidity risk seems to be priced in the Spanish stock market. Further international evidence is deserved.

Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio Has a Non-Monotonic Impact on Altruism

Gene-culture co-evolution emphasizes the joint role of culture and genes for the emergence of altruistic and cooperative behaviors and behavioral genetics provides estimates of their relative importance. However, these approaches cannot assess which biological traits determine altruism or how. We analyze the association between altruism in adults and the exposure to prenatal sex hormones, using the second-to-fourth digit ratio. We find an inverted U-shaped relation for left and right hands, which is very consistent for men and less systematic for women. Subjects with both high and low digit ratios give less than individuals with intermediate digit ratios. We repeat the exercise with the same subjects seven months later and find a similar association, even though subjects' behavior differs the second time they play the game. We then construct proxies of the median digit ratio in the population (using more than 1000 different subjects), show that subjects' altruism decreases with the distance of their ratio to these proxies. These results provide direct evidence that prenatal events contribute to the variation of altruistic behavior and that the exposure to fetal hormones is one of the relevant biological factors. In addition, the findings suggest that there might be an optimal level of exposure to these hormones from social perspective.

Controls on river terrace formation in New Zealand

[EUS] Artikulu honek, argitaratutako bibliografiaren bidez, Zeelanda Berriko ibai-terrazen garapenari eragiten dieten agente morfogenetikoak aztertzen ditu. Erreferentzia gisa Ipar Irlako 4 kasu eta Hego Irlako 3 kasu erabili dira. Oro har, ibai-terrazak sortzeko orduan, klima, sedimentuen erabilgarritasunan eta prezipitazioan duen eraginaren bitartez, eragile nagusiena da. Altxaketa tektonikoak forma hauen kontserbazioa eragiten du. Hainbat kasutan, gertaera asaldatzaileen ondorioz sortutako sedimentu kopuru handiek, fase morfogenetiko desberdinak eragin dituzte lokal/erregional mailan, nazional/kontinental mailan beharrean. Gertaera asaldatzaileen artean, besteak beste, ekarpen bolkaniko naturalak eta gizakiok bultzatutako lur erabilera aldaketen ondorioz sortutako sedimentu ekarpenak barneratzen dira.

Towards a participatory integrated assessment approach for planning and managing Natura 2000 network sites

Managing protected areas implies dealing with complex social-ecological systems where multiple dimensions (social, institutional, economic and ecological) interact over time for the delivery of ecosystem services. Uni-dimensional and top-down management approaches have been unable to capture this complexity. Instead, new integrated approaches that acknowledge the diversity of social actors in the decision making process are required. In this paper we put forward a novel participatory assessment approach which integrates multiple methodologies to reflect different value articulating institutions in the case of a Natura 2000 network site in the Basque Country. It integrates within a social multi-criteria evaluation framework, both the economic values of ecosystem services through a choice experiment model and ecological values by means of a spatial bio-geographic assessment. By capturing confronting social and institutional conflicts in protected areas the participatory integrated assessment approach presented here can help decision makers for better planning and managing Natura 2000 sites.

Evaluating governance and participatory processes in Natura 2000: lessons learned and guidance for future prospects

In recent years, participatory approaches have been incorporated in decision-making processes as a way to strengthen the bonds between diverse areas of knowledge and social actors in natural resources management and environmental governance. Despite the favourable context, this paradigm shift is still in an early stage within the development of the Natura 2000 in the European Union, the largest network of protected areas in the world. To enhance the full scope of participatory approaches in this context, this article: (i) briefly reviews the role of participatory approaches in environmental governance, (ii) develops a common framework to evaluate such participatory processes in protected area management, (iii) applies this framework to a real case study, and (iv) based on the lessons learned, provides guidance to improve the future governance of Natura 2000 sites.

Clubhouse Euskadi

Clubhouse Euskadi es una propuesta innovadora en el campo de la Educación Social, concretamente en el ámbito de la enfermedad mental. Se trata de un modelo de rehabilitación psicosocial que promueve la inclusión social de las personas en un clima de trabajo, para alcanzar la autonomía propia de las mismas. Ésta se logra mediante la organización de un centro diurno, basado en un trabajo colaborativo e igualitario entre sus miembros y profesionales, que fomentan el acceso a empleos de transición e incluso independientes. La educación y el ocio son, a su vez, componentes esenciales que influyen en el periodo de mejora.

What happened during the climate change negotiations in Copenhagen 2009?

4 p.

Lessons from History for Transitions to a Low Carbon Economy

4 p.

Evaluating the role of energy efficiency labels in the prices of household appliances: the case of refrigerators

4 p.

Cost effectiveness of a combination of instruments for global warming: a quantitative approach for Spain

4 p.

Long Run Trends in the Price of Energy and Energy Services

4 p.

Low Climate Stabilisation under Diverse Growth and Convergence Scenarios

4 p.

The Role of the Demand for Environmental Quality in Driving Transitions to Low-Polluting Energy Sources

4 p.