Antsietate asaldura orokorraren tratamenduaren hausnarketa eta erizaintzaren esku hartzea : berrikuspen bibliografikoa

Antsietate asaldurak gaixotasun mentalen artean ugarienak dira; hau horrela izanik, Antsietate Asaldura Orokorraren tratamenduak aztertu beharrekoak dira gaur egun. Lehenik eta behin, ikerketa askoren arabera dependentzia, tolerantzia eta bigarren mailako efektu asko ematen baitira epe luzeko antsietatearen aurkako farmakoetan. Bentzodiazepinak eragiten dituzten arazoak direla eta, garrantzitsua da tratamendu psikologikoaren eraginkortasuna aztertzea. Helburua: Tratamendu farmakologiko eta ez-farmakologikoaren eraginkortasunaren hausnarketa egitea eta patologiaren kudeaketan Erizaintzaren funtzioa baloratzea dira. Metodologia: Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane library, Trip database, Science Direct, Ministerio de Sanidad Servicios Sociales e Igualdad eta Cuiden bezalako datu baseetan azkeneko 10 urteetako bilaketa bibliografikoaz gain, eskuzko bilaketa ere gauzatu da gaztelaniaz zein ingelesez . Emaitzak: Nahiz eta gidek bentzodiazepinen epe laburrerako erabilpena gomendatu, epe luzerako tratamendu moduan erabiltzen dira bigarren mailako efektu ugari eta dependentzia garatuz. Psikoterapiaren eraginkortasuna, farmakoena baino geldoagoa izaten da baina epe luzera iraupen luzeagoa du. Ondorioak: Bentzodiazepinen eraginkortasuna epe laburrean ezin da ukatu, Terapia Kognitibo-Konduktuala hasteko momentuan erabilgarria izanik bere eraginkortasun sintomatologikoagatik. Erizainaren funtzioa baliagarria da asaldura mental honen balorazioan, beharrezko tratamenduak jasotzea ahalbidetuz eta bideraketa on bat eginez.

Terapias cognitivo-conductuales en la fobia social, en adultos

La fobia social es una enfermedad psiquiátrica que causa costes socioeconómicos significativos y que presenta una alta comorbilidad. Las terapias cognitivo-conductuales (TCC) pueden ser una alternativa de tratamiento efectiva, ya que buscan el cambio de pensamientos y comportamientos adquiridos en una enfermedad con un alto componente de aprendizaje. Objetivo: Verificar la efectividad de las terapias cognitivo-conductuales (TCC) con respecto a otros tratamientos empleados en la fobia social, en adultos (farmacoterapia y otras técnicas de psicoterapia). Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de estudios de los últimos 10 años, en bases de datos (Pumed etc...). Se seleccionan 12 artículos, 10 ensayos clínicos y 2 meta-análisis. Resultados: Los estudios muestran una respuesta positiva de los pacientes (en términos de reducción de síntomas según escalas de medida estandarizadas para la fobia social) al tratamiento con terapias cognitivo-conductuales (TCC), en sus distintas modalidades de aplicación (individual, grupal y por internet). Estos ratios de respuesta son similares a los que se obtienen en otros tratamientos (farmacoterapia y terapia psicodinámica). Las TCC presentan como ventaja la ausencia de efectos secundarios; como desventaja, su efecto se produce a más largo plazo Conclusiones: No hay resultados concluyentes en relación al beneficio de estas terapias respecto de otras; los factores que determinan fundamentalmente el éxito de las mismas son la situación y la predisposición individual de cada paciente. Dadas las implicaciones de esta patología en la sociedad actual, sería conveniente invertir más medios en el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas.

Efficacy of a cognitive and behavioural psychotherapy applied by primary care psychologists in patients with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder: a research protocol

Background: In contrast with the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines, the most common treatment for anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care is pharmacological. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural psychological intervention, delivered by primary care psychologists in patients with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder compared to usual care. Methods/Design: This is an open-label, multicentre, randomized, and controlled study with two parallel groups. A random sample of 246 patients will be recruited with mild-to-moderate mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, from the target population on the lists of 41 primary care doctors. Patients will be randomly assigned to the intervention group, who will receive standardised cognitive-behavioural therapy delivered by psychologists together with usual care, or to a control group, who will receive usual care alone. The cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention is composed of eight individual 60-minute face-to face sessions conducted in eight consecutive weeks. A follow-up session will be conducted over the telephone, for reinforcement or referral as appropriate, 6 months after the intervention, as required. The primary outcome variable will be the change in scores on the Short Form-36 General Health Survey. We will also measure the change in the frequency and intensity of anxiety symptoms (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory) at baseline, and 3, 6 and 12 months later. Additionally, we will collect information on the use of drugs and health care services. Discussion: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of a primary care-based cognitive-behavioural psychological intervention in patients with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. The international scientific evidence has demonstrated the need for psychologists in primary care. However, given the differences between health policies and health services, it is important to test the effect of these psychological interventions in our geographical setting.

Increased opioid dependence in a mouse model of panic disorder

[EN] Panic disorder is a highly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder that shows co-occurrence with substance abuse. Here, we demonstrate that TrkC, the high-affinity receptor for neurotrophin-3, is a key molecule involved in panic disorder and opiate dependence, using a transgenic mouse model (TgNTRK3). Constitutive TrkC overexpression in TgNTRK3 mice dramatically alters spontaneous firing rates of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons and the response of the noradrenergic system to chronic opiate exposure, possibly related to the altered regulation of neurotrophic peptides observed. Notably, TgNTRK3 LC neurons showed an increased firing rate in saline-treated conditions and profound abnormalities in their response to met5-enkephalin. Behaviorally, chronic morphine administration induced a significantly increased withdrawal syndrome in TgNTRK3 mice. In conclusion, we show here that the NT-3/TrkC system is an important regulator of neuronal firing in LC and could contribute to the adaptations of the noradrenergic system in response to chronic opiate exposure. Moreover, our results indicate that TrkC is involved in the molecular and cellular changes in noradrenergic neurons underlying both panic attacks and opiate dependence and support a functional endogenous opioid deficit in panic disorder patients.

Best Proximity Points of Generalized Semicyclic Impulsive Self-Mappings: Applications to Impulsive Differential and Difference Equations

This paper is devoted to the study of convergence properties of distances between points and the existence and uniqueness of best proximity and fixed points of the so-called semicyclic impulsive self-mappings on the union of a number of nonempty subsets in metric spaces. The convergences of distances between consecutive iterated points are studied in metric spaces, while those associated with convergence to best proximity points are set in uniformly convex Banach spaces which are simultaneously complete metric spaces. The concept of semicyclic self-mappings generalizes the well-known one of cyclic ones in the sense that the iterated sequences built through such mappings are allowed to have images located in the same subset as their pre-image. The self-mappings under study might be in the most general case impulsive in the sense that they are composite mappings consisting of two self-mappings, and one of them is eventually discontinuous. Thus, the developed formalism can be applied to the study of stability of a class of impulsive differential equations and that of their discrete counterparts. Some application examples to impulsive differential equations are also given.

Sampling and learning the Mallows and Generalized Mallows models under the Cayley distance

[EN]The Mallows and Generalized Mallows models are compact yet powerful and natural ways of representing a probability distribution over the space of permutations. In this paper we deal with the problems of sampling and learning (estimating) such distributions when the metric on permutations is the Cayley distance. We propose new methods for both operations, whose performance is shown through several experiments. We also introduce novel procedures to count and randomly generate permutations at a given Cayley distance both with and without certain structural restrictions. An application in the field of biology is given to motivate the interest of this model.

An R package for permutations, Mallows and Generalized Mallows models

[EN]Probability models on permutations associate a probability value to each of the permutations on n items. This paper considers two popular probability models, the Mallows model and the Generalized Mallows model. We describe methods for making inference, sampling and learning such distributions, some of which are novel in the literature. This paper also describes operations for permutations, with special attention in those related with the Kendall and Cayley distances and the random generation of permutations. These operations are of key importance for the efficient computation of the operations on distributions. These algorithms are implemented in the associated R package. Moreover, the internal code is written in C++.

Effective and Robust Generalized Predictive Speed Control of Induction Motor

14 p.

Role of G protein coupled inwardly rectifier K+ channels (GIRK) on the neurobiology depression

353 págs.

The effects of disorder in dimerized quantum magnets in mean field approximations

15 p.

Effect of the A cation size disorder and synthesis conditions on the properties of an iron perovskite series

Póster presentado en The Energy and Materials Research Conference - EMR2015 celebrado en Madrid (España) entre el 25-27 de febrero de 2015

Results on proximal and generalized weak proximal contractions including the case of iteration-dependent range sets

This paper presents some further results on proximal and asymptotic proximal contractions and on a class of generalized weak proximal contractions in metric spaces. The generalizations are stated for non-self-mappings of the forms for and , or , subject to and , such that converges uniformly to T, and the distances are iteration-dependent, where , , and are non-empty subsets of X, for , where is a metric space, provided that the set-theoretic limit of the sequences of closed sets and exist as and that the countable infinite unions of the closed sets are closed. The convergence of the sequences in the domain and the image sets of the non-self-mapping, as well as the existence and uniqueness of the best proximity points, are also investigated if the metric space is complete. Two application examples are also given, being concerned, respectively, with the solutions through pseudo-inverses of both compatible and incompatible linear algebraic systems and with the parametrical

Common Fixed Points of Generalized Rational Type Cocyclic Mappings in Multiplicative Metric Spaces

The aim of this paper is to present fixed point result of mappings satisfying a generalized rational contractive condition in the setup of multiplicative metric spaces. As an application, we obtain a common fixed point of a pair of weakly compatible mappings. Some common fixed point results of pair of rational contractive types mappings involved in cocyclic representation of a nonempty subset of a multiplicative metric space are also obtained. Some examples are presented to support the results proved herein. Our results generalize and extend various results in the existing literature.

Mindfulness training for reducing anger, anxiety, and depression in fibromyalgia patients

Fibromyalgia is a disabling syndrome. Results obtained with different therapies are very limited to date.The goal of this study was to verify whether the application of a mindfulnessbased training program was effective in modifying anger, anxiety, and depression levels in a group of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. This study is an experimental trial that employed a waiting list control group. Measures were taken at three different times: pretest, posttest, and follow-up. The statistical analyses revealed a significant reduction of anger (trait) levels, internal expression of anger, state anxiety, and depression in the experimental group as compared to the control group, as well as a significant increase in internal control of anger. It can be concluded that the mindfulness-based treatment was effective after 7 weeks. These results were maintained 3 months after the end of the intervention.

Bipolar disorder comorbid with alcohol use disorder: Focus on neurocognitive correlates

Bipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are usually comorbid, and both have been associated with significant neurocognitive impairment. Patients with the BD-AUD comorbidity (dual diagnosis) may have more severe neurocognitive deficits than those with a single diagnosis, but there is paucity of research in this area. To explore this hypothesis more thoroughly, we carried out a systematic literature review through January 2015. Eight studies have examined the effect of AUDs on the neurocognitive functioning of BD patients. Most studies found that BD patients with current or past history of comorbid AUDs show more severe impairments, especially in verbal memory and executive cognition, than their non-dual counterparts. Greater neurocognitive dysfunction is another facet of this severe comorbid presentation. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed. Specifically, the application of holistic approaches, such as clinical staging and systems biology, may open new avenues of discoveries related to the BD-AUD comorbidity.