The wanderings of a social type in eighteenth-century England and France

Eguíluz, Federico; Merino, Raquel; Olsen, Vickie; Pajares, Eterio; Santamaría, José Miguel (eds.)

Antioxidant defense system and family environment in adolescents with family history of psychosis

[EN] Our objective was to determine antioxidant defence activity in healthy controls (HC) and healthy unaffected second-degree relatives of patients with early onset psychosis (HC-FHP),and to assess its relationship with familiar environment measured using the Family Environment Scale (FES). Methods: We included 82 HC and 14 HC-FHP aged between 9 and 17 years. Total antioxidant status,lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels were determined in blood samples. Results:There was a significant decrease in the total antioxidant level in the HC-FHP group compared with the HC group (OR = 2.94; p = 0.009), but no between-group differences in the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale scores. For the FES, the HC-FHP group had significantly higher scores in the cohesion (p = 0.007) and intellectual-cultural dimensions (p=0.025). After adjusting for these two FES dimensions, total antioxidant status remained significantly different between groups (OR = 10.86, p = 0.009).

Les jeunes face au marché du travail en France: entre difficultés d´insertion et stratégies de pénétration

En une génération, entre 1975 et 1995, le paysage du marché du travail auquel les jeunes font face a radicalement changé.

Lessons from History for Transitions to a Low Carbon Economy

4 p.

Island life in the Cretaceous - faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago

The Late Cretaceous was a time of tremendous global change, as the final stages of the Age of Dinosaurs were shaped by climate and sea level fluctuations and witness to marked paleogeographic and faunal changes, before the end-Cretaceous bolide impact. The terrestrial fossil record of Late Cretaceous Europe is becoming increasingly better understood, based largely on intensive fieldwork over the past two decades, promising new insights into latest Cretaceous faunal evolution. We review the terrestrial Late Cretaceous record from Europe and discuss its importance for understanding the paleogeography, ecology, evolution, and extinction of land-dwelling vertebrates. We review the major Late Cretaceous faunas from Austria, Hungary, France, Spain, Portugal, and Romania, as well as more fragmentary records from elsewhere in Europe. We discuss the paleogeographic background and history of assembly of these faunas, and argue that they are comprised of an endemic 'core' supplemented with various immigration waves. These faunas lived on an island archipelago, and we describe how this insular setting led to ecological peculiarities such as low diversity, a preponderance of primitive taxa, and marked changes in morphology (particularly body size dwarfing). We conclude by discussing the importance of the European record in understanding the end-Cretaceous extinction and show that there is no clear evidence that dinosaurs or other groups were undergoing long-term declines in Europe prior to the bolide impact.

Análisis tipológico de la serie industrial achelense de Puyo (Lannemezan, Hautes-Pyrénées, France). Ensayo de clasificación de piezas “hacheroides”

[ES] El conjunto industrial achelense de Puyo (Lannemezan, Hautes-Pyrénées), descubierto por G. Laplace en 1954 en posición estratigráfica rissiense, está compuesto por 360 ejemplares líticos tallados en cuarcita local. Este efectivo industrial se reparte entre: 218 piezas retocadas (en las que se han definido 226 tipos primarios), 136 lascas y 6 núcleos. Tecnológicamente, la mayor parte de las industrias parecen estar en relación con un debitado sobre yunque; técnica de talla que ha procurado unas lascas con unos atributos muy específicos, en las que, en varios casos, son más que evidentes sus analogías morfológicas con los "hachereaux". En este sentido, la elevada presencia de "hachereaux" bien formateados y de otras piezas hacheroides más elementales, menos elaboradas, así como de varias formas particulares de utillaje macrolítico (ojivas, puntas), nos ha llevado a plantear una propuesta de definición y clasificación analítica particular para estos temas. La contribución global de estas piezas macrolíticas es superior a la de los útiles convencionales o más habituales. Por último, en lo que concierne a la valoración tipológica, este original complejo achelense está definido esencialmente, además de por los más numerosos tipos hacheroides, por una casi similar presencia de denticulados y una importante contribución de puntas carenoides. Más complementariamente, deben estimarse las aportaciones de ojivas y raederas, y son francamente minoritarios los restantes grupos tipológicos considerados (de cantos tallados, truncaduras, puntas planas, abruptos, raspadores, "becs", fragmentos de piezas bifaciales indeterminadas y "écaillés").

Datos preliminares en relación al inicio del proceso de investigación sistemática del sitio achelense superior de La Grande Vallée (Colombiers, Vienne, France)

[ES] El sitio de La Grande Vallée contiene un importante depósito del Pleistoceno medio con una abundante industria relacionable con el Achelense superior. Los diferentes procesos de desarrollo técnico de las industrias, las transformaciones funcionales en los útiles, así como la reiterada presencia de fuego posibilitan considerar el sitio como un posible lugar de hábitat y de taller. El proyecto de investigación científica del yacimiento ha comenzado el año 2005 por un sondeo arqueológico.

Patterns of genetic variation in the endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola L., 1761)

Background: The European mink (Mustela lutreola, L. 1761) is a critically endangered mustelid, which inhabits several main river drainages in Europe. Here, we assess the genetic variation of existing populations of this species, including new sampling sites and additional molecular markers (newly developed microsatellite loci specific to European mink) as compared to previous studies. Probabilistic analyses were used to examine genetic structure within and between existing populations, and to infer phylogeographic processes and past demography. Results: According to both mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite markers, Northeastern (Russia, Estonia and Belarus) and Southeastern (Romania) European populations showed the highest intraspecific diversity. In contrast, Western European (France and Spain) populations were the least polymorphic, featuring a unique mitochondrial DNA haplotype. The high differentiation values detected between Eastern and Western European populations could be the result of genetic drift in the latter due to population isolation and reduction. Genetic differences among populations were further supported by Bayesian clustering and two main groups were confirmed (Eastern vs. Western Europe) along with two contained subgroups at a more local scale (Northeastern vs. Southeastern Europe; France vs. Spain). Conclusions: Genetic data and performed analyses support a historical scenario of stable European mink populations, not affected by Quaternary climate oscillations in the Late Pleistocene, and posterior expansion events following river connections in both North-and Southeastern European populations. This suggests an eastern refuge during glacial maxima (as already proposed for boreal and continental species). In contrast, Western Europe was colonised more recently following either natural expansions or putative human introductions. Low levels of genetic diversity observed within each studied population suggest recent bottleneck events and stress the urgent need for conservation measures to counteract the demographic decline experienced by the European mink.

"Heroes" and "Villains" of World History across Cultures

Emergent properties of global political culture were examined using data from the World History Survey (WHS) involving 6,902 university students in 37 countries evaluating 40 figures from world history. Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis techniques found only limited forms of universality in evaluations across Western, Catholic/Orthodox, Muslim, and Asian country clusters. The highest consensus across cultures involved scientific innovators, with Einstein having the most positive evaluation overall. Peaceful humanitarians like Mother Theresa and Gandhi followed. There was much less cross-cultural consistency in the evaluation of negative figures, led by Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and Saddam Hussein. After more traditional empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis) failed to identify meaningful cross-cultural patterns, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify four global representational profiles: Secular and Religious Idealists were overwhelmingly prevalent in Christian countries, and Political Realists were common in Muslim and Asian countries. We discuss possible consequences and interpretations of these different representational profiles.