The Expanded mtDNA Phylogeny of the Franco-Cantabrian Region Upholds the Pre-Neolithic Genetic Substrate of Basques

9 p.

Apuntes jurídicos sobre el paisaje lingüístico en Euskal Herria

This paper is a study of place-names and signs in the Basque Country from the point of view of language law. These are matters that relate to both the status and corpus of language and contribute to the formation of the language landscape,» After a brief historical introduction, the author focuses on the factors that bear on signs and the language 1andscape: the cornpetence factor and the language factor. The description of the latter leads the author to a discussion of the existing language system, in which the Spanish and Basque sharing official status does not necessarily entail the obligation to use both languages at the same time. Using this discussion as a frame of reference, the au- thor analyses place-names, traffic signals and signs. As for place-names, the existing rules are deemed rigid and lacking in ambition, in that they do not pursue the dissemination of official Basque forms. In traffic signaIs, Basque has to appear alongside Spanish, which is required by Spanish legislation, although this bilingualism excludes place-names that have an official Basque form only. With regard to signs, the author analyses public premises, companies licensed to provide public services and the private sector. For public premises there is no specific regulation, but the status of Basque as an autochthonous language, together with the identification and informatíon purposes of signs, could support the exclusive use of this language, According to the author , companies licensed to provide public services should observe the same language system as the goverment and therefore promote the use of Basque. Finally, in the private sector, the author upholds the legitimacy of measures to promote Basque language use such as tax allowances and exemptions in advertising and commercial signs.

El mundo de las supersticiones y el paso de la hechicería a la brujomanía en Euskal-Herria (siglos XIII al XVI)

[ES]En este artículo se pretende dar una visión global, tanto en la exposición de los hechos como en la interpretación de los mismos, del mundo de la brujería (hechicería, adivinación, etc.) y de la superstición (curanderismo, exorcismo, conjuros, bendiciones)en el País Vasco y Navarra durante la Edad Media y primera Edad Moderna.

"Degollaron a todos los dichos treynta e tres yngleses e asy degollados dis que los lançaron en la mar": Las hermandades vascas y la lucha contra la piratería en la Baja Edad Media

[ES]En este artículo se analizan las acciones de piratería y de corso sufridas o protagonizadas por naturales del País Vasco en el siglo XV. Igualmente se analiza la concesión de cartas de marca y represalia para resarcirse de las acciones piráticas. Y, por último, la persecución de la pirtaería por parte de las autoridades de la provincia de Guipúzcoa, a través de la institución de la Hermamdad, mediante el ejemplo de un buque inglés capturado por piratas vascos.

Presencia e influencia del castellano en el manuscrito Lazarraga

Ponencia invitada presentada en las Terceras Jornadas de Lingüística Vasco-Románica / Euskara-Erromantze Linguistikaren III. Jardunaldiak (Bilbao, 2010)

Erromaurreko Iberiar Penintsulako antzinaroari buruzko materialak : Iberiako hegoaldeko herri eta kulturak

Traducido por Iñaki Villoslada Fernández

Superstición y brujería en el Duranguesado a fines de la Edad Media: ¿Amboto 1507?

[ES] En este investigación se analiza el rico mundo de las supersticiones, de la magia, de la hechicería y de la brujería vasca medieval, centrándose especialmente en el foco de brujería que afectó a la comarca del Duranguesado y que ha pasado a la historiografía y a la tradición popular bajo el sobre nombre de brujas del Amboto.

Cartas enviadas por José Miguel de Barandiaran a Justo Garate entre 1948 y 1969

11 cartas (mecanografiadas y manuscritas) ; entre 150x215mm y 220x260mm

Euskal autore zaharren irakaskuntza Lehen Hezkuntzan: proiektu berritzaile baten proposamena

Euskara: Lan honek euskal autore zaharrak Lehen Hezkuntzako ikasleei hurbiltzea du helburu. Ezinbestekoa da neska-mutilek ikasgeletan klasikoen ondarea ezagutzeko aukera izatea, euskal autore zaharren irakaskuntza-ikaskuntza prozesua suspertzeko. Izan ere, idazle klasikoak oinarrizko hezkuntzan duten tokia ez da handia izan, hauek lantzeak zailtasunak dakartzalako. Beraz, zailtasun horiek aztertuta eta lekuko idazle ezberdinen lan hautatuen egokitze-lana aintzat hartuz, proiektu berritzaile baten proposamena eskaini nahi da, euskarazko literatura zaharra irakurtzeko eta lantzeko zaletasuna sustatzeko bidea erakusteko asmoz. Horrela izanik, ikasleek euren neurrira eta interesetara moldatutako egitasmoa eskura izango dute, egungo hezkuntza-sisteman beharrezkoak diren oinarrizko gaitasunak barneratuz, beti ere gaiarekiko motibazioa eta jakin-mina aintzat hartuta.

Cartas enviadas por Jon Bilbao a Justo Garate entre 1948 y 1990

11 cartas + 1 fragmento (mecanografiadas) ; entre 215x135mm y 210x295mm.

The Interplay between Natural Selection and Susceptibility to Melanoma on Allele 374F of SLC45A2 Gene in a South European Population

We aimed to study the selective pressures interacting on SLC45A2 to investigate the interplay between selection and susceptibility to disease. Thus, we enrolled 500 volunteers from a geographically limited population (Basques from the North of Spain) and by resequencing the whole coding region and intron 5 of the 34 most and the 34 least pigmented individuals according to the reflectance distribution, we observed that the polymorphism Leu374Phe (L374F, rs16891982) was statistically associated with skin color variability within this sample. In particular, allele 374F was significantly more frequent among the individuals with lighter skin. Further genotyping an independent set of 558 individuals of a geographically wider population with known ancestry in the Spanish population also revealed that the frequency of L374F was significantly correlated with the incident UV radiation intensity. Selection tests suggest that allele 374F is being positively selected in South Europeans, thus indicating that depigmentation is an adaptive process. Interestingly, by genotyping 119 melanoma samples, we show that this variant is also associated with an increased susceptibility to melanoma in our populations. The ultimate driving force for this adaptation is unknown, but it is compatible with the vitamin D hypothesis. This shows that molecular evolution analysis can be used as a useful technology to predict phenotypic and biomedical consequences in humans.

The Carpathian range represents a weak genetic barrier in South-East Europe

Background: In the present study we have assessed whether the Carpathian Mountains represent a genetic barrier in East Europe. Therefore, we have analyzed the mtDNA of 128 native individuals of Romania: 62 of them from the North of Romania, and 66 from South Romania. Results: We have analyzed their mtDNA variability in the context of other European and Near Eastern populations through multivariate analyses. The results show that regarding the mtDNA haplogroup and haplotype distributions the Romanian groups living outside the Carpathian range (South Romania) displayed some degree of genetic differentiation compared to those living within the Carpahian range (North Romania). Conclusion: The main differentiation between the mtDNA variability of the groups from North and South Romania can be attributed to the demographic movements from East to West (prehistoric or historic) that differently affected in these regions, suggesting that the Carpathian mountain range represents a weak genetic barrier in South-East Europe.