Lengua y derecho a la educación en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco : reflexiones jurídicas sobre el tránsito hacia un nuevo modelo

The article analyzes the legal regime of Euskara in the education system of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (capv). In the capv, the legislation recognizes the right to choose the language of study during the educational cycle. The students are separated into different classrooms based on their language preference. This system of separation (of language models) has made it possible to make great strides, although its implementation also suggests aspects which, from the perspective of a pluralistic Basque society on its way towards greater social, political and language integration, call for further reflection The general model for language planning in the capv was fashioned in the eighties as a model characterized by the guarantee of spaces of language freedom, and the educational system was charged with making the learning of the region’s autochthonous language more widespread. At this point, we already have a fair degree of evidence on which to base an analysis of the system of language models and we are in a position to conclude that perhaps the educational system was given too heavy a burden. Official studies on language performance of Basque schoolchildren show (in a way that is now fully verified) that not all the students who finish their mandatory period of schooling achieve the level of knowledge of Euskara required by the regulations. When faced with this reality, it becomes necessary for us to articulate some alternative to the current configuration of the system of language models, one that will make it possible in the future to have a Basque society that is linguistically more integrated, thereby avoiding having the knowledge or lack of knowledge of one of the official languages become a language barrier between two communities. Many sides have urged a reconsideration of the system of language models. The Basque Parliament itself has requested the Department of Education to design a new system. This article analyzes the legal foundations on which the current system is built and explores the potential avenues for legal cooperation that would make it possible to move towards a new system aimed at guaranteeing higher rates of bilingualism. The system would be sufficiently flexible so as to be able to respond to and accommodate the different sociolinguistic realities of the region.

Encouraging the implication of shops in the city by means of retail associationism. The case of Bilbao

[EN] Retail activity in urban areas constitutes a key variable in the health of a city. For that reason, the processes of urban revitalization and retail revitalization run in parallel manner. Integrated management models for urban centres constitute a good framework to harness the competitiveness of the cities and their retail businesses, but they require of all implied participation, by means of a public – private cooperation.

El rol de los contratos en viticulturas

[ES] A pesar de que los economistas han dedicado enorme esfuerzo a examinar la racionalidad de los contratos en agricultura, pocos estudios se han llevado a cabo en viticultura. Sin embargo, se observan diferencias contractuales en la producción de uva y vino. En el presente trabajo se analizan las estructuras contractuales actualmente utilizadas en varias regiones vitivinícolas. Independientemente de las características inherentes en los contratos, se obtiene que estos mecanismos permiten a las bodegas articular sus requisitos con respecto a la calidad de las uvas producidas por los agricultores.

Gioconda Belli, un universo de mujeres

[ES] En este artículo analizaremos el devenir del universo de mujeres de Gioconda Belli, a través de la mirada de tres personajes protagonistas femeninos que se pronuncian de forma contundente sobre la vida y la estética literaria de la autora. Partiremos del análisis de Lavinia, protagonista femenina de La mujer habitada (1988) la primera novela de la autora, a continuación analizaremos el perfil de Sofia protagonista de Sofía de los presagios (1990), su segunda novela. Y por último, escudriñaremos las características de un personaje femenino que propone una nueva lectura de la mítica Juana de Castilla, protagonista de El Pergamino de la seducción (2005). Las tres figuras femeninas literarias nacen de sus propias experiencias simultaneadas por la memoria, compañera inseparable en el afianzamiento del yo y son heroínas de su propia historia

Importancia del proyecto en la documentaci??n geom??trica del patrimonio

[ES] La medida y representaci??n del un elemento patrimonial debe responder a unas necesidades. Ser?? dif??cil plantear un proceso de documentaci??n geom??trica encaminado exclusivamente a conservar la informaci??n sobre su forma y dimensiones, si no son determinadas previamente las caracter??sticas de la informaci??n que se requiere conservar: su cantidad, c??mo se almacenar??, se gestionar??, se reproducir?? y difundir??. Se considera al Proyecto de Documentaci??n Geom??trica como el eje vertebrador de la intervenci??n, entendiendo por tal, el documento que recoge las necesidades y circunstancias que rodean al elemento patrimonial, propone resultados para satisfacerlas, plantea alternativas tecnol??gicas junto a la evaluaci??n de los recursos temporales, instrumentales y econ??micos de cada una de las opciones; y en definitiva supone el dise??o de la intervenci??n para la medida y la representaci??n. En este art??culo se analizan las circunstancias que justifican la redacci??n del proyecto y la transcendencia de la generaci??n de este documento en el proceso de la documentaci??n geom??trica.