La mujer y su comportamiento durante el período de independencia en México 1767-1824

486 p.

Bothrops aff. Leucurus (Wagler, 1824) populazio irlatar baten deskribapen morfologikoa: suge populazio irlatar baten morfologia

[EUS] Atrox konplexuko espezieen barruan, Bothrops leucurus (Wagler, 1824) Bahia estatuko oihan atlantikoko sugegorri espezie arruntena da. Polimorfikoa da eta ezaugarri geografikoekin, ontogenikoekin eta sexuarekin erlazionatutako kolore aldakortasuna aurkezten du. Jadanik hainbat ikerketa burutu dira kontinenteko populazioei buruz, baina, oraindik ez da lanik egin BTS badiako populazio uhartetarrekin. Lan honen xedea Bothrops aff. leucurus populazio uhartetarraren deskribapena burutzea izan da, orbanen ereduetan, folidosian eta gorputz tamainan oinarriturik. Lagin tamaina erlatiboki txikia izanik (n=20), Student t testeko emaitzak type II erroreen menpe daude eta kontinenteko eta uharteko populazioen arteko ezberdintasunak estatistikoki ikertu izan ez diren arren, gure datuak garrantzia dute. Izan ere, ikerketa sakonagoetan oinarri bezala erabili ahal izango dira. Biometriari dagokionez, gure populazio uhartetarrean batazbesteko MKL txikiagoa ikusi dugu eta balioen tarteak murritzagoak dira. Ez da sexuen arteko ezberdintasun esangarririk topatu gorputzeko neurrientzat. Folidosian (ezkata zenbateka) lortutako datuak, beste autoreek Bothrops leucurus-entzat deskribatutako parametroekin bat datozen arren, gure laginak ezkata tarte mugatuagoak ageri ditu. Orban ereduak ale guztietan behatu eta irudikatu ostean, oro har bi eredu ezberdindu eta deskribatzea posible izan da. Behatuak izan diren ezberdintasunak, uhartetako baliagai-hornidura mugatuen ondorio gisa uler daitezke, izan ere, halako baldintzetan ale txikiagoak positiboki hautatuak izango liratekeelako.

In vitro activities of natural products against oral Candida isolates from denture wearers

Background: Candida-associated denture stomatitis is a frequent infectious disease. Treatment of this oral condition is difficult because failures and recurrences are common. The aim of this study was to test the in vitro antifungal activity of pure constituents of essentials oils. -- Methods: Eight terpenic derivatives (carvacrol, farnesol, geraniol, linalool, menthol, menthone, terpinen-4-ol, and aterpineol), a phenylpropanoid (eugenol), a phenethyl alcohol (tyrosol) and fluconazole were evaluated against 38 Candida isolated from denture-wearers and 10 collection Candida strains by the CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. -- Results: Almost all the tested compounds showed antifungal activity with MIC ranges of 0.03-0.25% for eugenol and linalool, 0.03-0.12% for geraniol, 0.06-0.5% for menthol, a-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol, 0.03-0.5% for carvacrol, and 0.06-4% for menthone. These compounds, with the exception of farnesol, menthone and tyrosol, showed important in vitro activities against the fluconazole-resistant and susceptible-dose dependent Candida isolates. -- Conclusions: Carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool and terpinen-4-ol were very active in vitro against oral Candida isolates. Their fungistatic and fungicidal activities might convert them into promising alternatives for the topic treatment of oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis.

Innovative reaction systems for acetal (1,1 diethoxy butane) production from renewable sources

370 p.: il., graf.

Análisis estratégico de la industria de la construcción en España

[ES] El sector de la construcción tiene, en España, una notable importancia, por su aportación al PIB (del entorno del 10%) y al empleo (en torno al 10%) y porque aglutina un amplio tejido empresarial. El deterioro de la situación económica y la saturación del mercado residencial han llevado a una fuerte contracción de la actividad constructiva, después una larga época de crecimiento.

Changes in white adipose tissue metabolism induced by resveratrol in rats

Background: A remarkable range of biological functions have been ascribed to resveratrol. Recently, this polyphenol has been shown to have body fat lowering effects. The aim of the present study was to assess some of the potential underlying mechanisms of action which take place in adipose tissue. Methods: Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and treated with 30 mg resveratrol/kg body weight/d. All rats were fed an obesogenic diet and after six weeks of treatment white adipose tissues were dissected. Lipoprotein lipase activity was assessed by fluorimetry, acetyl-CoA carboxylase by radiometry, and malic enzyme, glucose-6P-dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase by spectrophotometry. Gene expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, PPAR-gamma, SREBP-1c and perilipin were assessed by Real time RT-PCR. The amount of resveratrol metabolites in adipose tissue was measured by chromatography. Results: There was no difference in the final body weight of the rats; however, adipose tissues were significantly decreased in the resveratrol-treated group. Resveratrol reduced the activity of lipogenic enzymes, as well as that of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase. Moreover, a significant reduction was induced by this polyphenol in hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA levels. No significant changes were observed in other genes. Total amount of resveratrol metabolites in adipose tissue was 2.66 +/- 0.55 nmol/g tissue. Conclusions: It can be proposed that the body fat-lowering effect of resveratrol is mediated, at least in part, by a reduction in fatty acid uptake from circulating triacylglycerols and also in de novo lipogenesis.

Desarrollo de procesos hidrometalúrgicos para la fabricación de compuestos de zinc a parir de óxido Waelz

309 p.

Development of catalytic methane reforming systems integrating hydrogen selective PdCu membrane modules

En la presente tesis doctoral se ha estudiado la integración del proceso de producción de hidrógeno con su purificación mediante el empleo de membranas selectivas de hidrógeno. La producción de hidrógeno se realiza empleando catalizadores no convencionales de níquel soportado sobre magnesia y alúmina en un reactor catalítico. Se analiza la actividad de los catalizadores y la producción de hidrógeno mediante distintos procesos con metano como son la oxidación parcial catalítica (OPC), OPC húmeda y reformadoLa purificación de hidrógeno se realiza en un módulo provisto de una membrana selectiva de hidrógeno de PdCu depositado en un soporte poroso cerámico. Una vez optimizada su preparación mediante deposición no electrolítica se caracterizan. Para ello se determina su permeabilidad a distintas temperaturas y realizando ciclos térmicos en atmósferas inerte y de hidrógeno, que puede fragilizar el metal. Una vez preparados los catalizadores y las membranas se integran los dos sistemas y se determinan los parámetros de operación óptimos como la presión de la línea de alimentación y el caudal de gas de arrastre en el módulo de membrana. Ambos parámetros se optimizan para lograr la máxima recuperación de hidrógeno en el módulo de membrana. Por últimos se realizan ensayos completos de producción y purificación, que permiten observar el rendimiento del sistema y también el efecto que los compuestos de la mezcla compleja alimentada a las membranas tienen en su comportamiento. Para concluir la integración de procesos se realizan ensayos añadiendo azufre de forma que el sistema sea más similar al proceso real. Esto permite también analizar el efecto del azufre tanto en los catalizadores como en las membranas.

Elaboración de la contabilidad de una empresa comercial

Nivel educativo: Grado. Duración (en horas): Más de 50 horas

Kasu eta komunztaduraren gainean

Eccentric agreement (Ken Hale). - Datibo sintagmen izaera sintaktikoaren inguruan: eztabaidarako oinarrizko zenbait datu (Pablo Albizu). - Person and number inflection in Basque (Karlos Arregi). - The role of verbal agreement in licensing null arguments (Arantzazu Elordieta). - On the position of verbal agreement markets (Andrés Enrique Arias). - Absolutibo komunztaduradun ergatiboak, absolutibo komunztaduradun datiboak: ergatiboaren lekualdatzetik datiboaren lekualdatzera (Beatriz Fernández). - Objektu-komunztadura XIX eta XX. Mendeetako euskal gramatiketan. Ricardo Gómez. - The German present participle (Martin Haiden). - A brief description of some agreement restrictions (Javier Ormazabal & Juan Romero).

Eficacia de la aplicación de la terapia Mindfulness para resucir los síntomas de ansiedad en personas adultas de Atención Primaria

En la última década Mindfulness ha despertado gran interés como tratamiento terapéutico en la salud psicológica. Está inmerso en lo que ya se denominan Terapias de Tercera Generación, donde la aceptación es el concepto en cuál se centra. Existen varios programas en los que se aplica esta terapia y se han realizado estudios para numerosas aplicaciones clínicas, dando evidencia científica al respecto. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es la de conocer la eficacia de la aplicación de la terapia Mindfulness para reducir los síntomas de ansiedad en personas adultas de Atención Primaria. Para ello, se revisan los fundamentos teóricos y mecanismos de acción de Mindfulness, y de qué manera actúa en los trastornos de ansiedad. Dentro de este marco, se expone en la discusión la aplicación de la terapia en Atención primaria y la posibilidad de ser una herramienta para el profesional de Enfermería. Finalmente, se concluye que Mindfulness tiene un efecto moderado para reducir los niveles de ansiedad, aunque sin gran diferencia respecto a las Terapias Cognitivo Conductuales utilizadas hasta el momento. Se observa una necesidad de mayor evidencia científica que respalde la idoneidad de la aplicación de Mindfulness en personas adultas de Atención Primaria para reducir los niveles de ansiedad. Y siendo esta terapia una herramienta idónea para ofrecer por parte del personal de Enfermería, existen pocos estudios en los que Enfermer@s sean los que aplican Mindfulness

Resveratrol: Anti-Obesity Mechanisms of Action

Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenol which belongs to the stilbenes group and is produced naturally in several plants in response to injury or fungal attack. Resveratrol has been recently reported as preventing obesity. The present review aims to compile the evidence concerning the potential mechanisms of action which underlie the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol, obtained either in cultured cells lines and animal models. Published studies demonstrate that resveratrol has an anti-adipogenic effect. A good consensus concerning the involvement of a down-regulation of C/EBPa and PPAR. in this effect has been reached. Also, in vitro studies have demonstrated that resveratrol can increase apoptosis in mature adipocytes. Furthermore, different metabolic pathways involved in triacylglycerol metabolism in white adipose tissue have been shown to be targets for resveratrol. Both the inhibition of de novo lipogenesis and adipose tissue fatty acid uptake mediated by lipoprotein lipase play a role in explaining the reduction in body fat which resveratrol induces. As far as lipolysis is concerned, although this compound per se seems to be unable to induce lipolysis, it increases lipid mobilization stimulated by beta-adrenergic agents. The increase in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and consequently the associated energy dissipation, can contribute to explaining the body-fat lowering effect of resveratrol. In addition to its effects on adipose tissue, resveratrol can also acts on other organs and tissues. Thus, it increases mitochondriogenesis and consequently fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and liver. This effect can also contribute to the body-fat lowering effect of this molecule.

Efecto de la combinación de biomoléculas presentes en los alimentos, ácido linoléico conjugado, resveratrol y quercetina, sobre la acumulación de grasa corporal

322 p.

Efficient electronic implementations of adaptive systems for ambient intelligence environments

183 p.

Novel equation to determine the hepatic triglyceride concentration in humans by MRI: diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of lipids within liver cells. Its prevalence is increasing in developed countries in association with obesity, and it represents a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since NAFLD is usually asymptomatic at diagnosis, new non-invasive approaches are needed to determine the hepatic lipid content in terms of diagnosis, treatment and control of disease progression. Here, we investigated the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantitate and monitor the hepatic triglyceride concentration in humans. Methods: A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy was conducted among 129 consecutive adult patients (97 obesity and 32 non-obese) to compare multi-echo MRI fat fraction, grade of steatosis estimated by histopathology, and biochemical measurement of hepatic triglyceride concentration (that is, Folch value). Results: MRI fat fraction positively correlates with the grade of steatosis estimated on a 0 to 3 scale by histopathology. However, this correlation value was stronger when MRI fat fraction was linked to the Folch value, resulting in a novel equation to predict the hepatic triglyceride concentration (mg of triglycerides/g of liver tissue = 5.082 + (432.104 * multi-echo MRI fat fraction)). Validation of this formula in 31 additional patients (24 obese and 7 controls) resulted in robust correlation between the measured and estimated Folch values. Multivariate analysis showed that none of the variables investigated improves the Folch prediction capacity of the equation. Obese patients show increased steatosis compared to controls using MRI fat fraction and Folch value. Bariatric surgery improved MRI fat fraction values and the Folch value estimated in obese patients one year after surgery. Conclusions: Multi-echo MRI is an accurate approach to determine the hepatic lipid concentration by using our novel equation, representing an economic non-invasive method to diagnose and monitor steatosis in humans.