Evaluación de la actividad investigadora: indicadores de calidad. Utilización de bases de datos en estudios bibliométricos.

[ES]La utilización de indicadores bibliométricos como los índices de citas y el factor de impacto se han convertido en herramientas imprescindibles tanto para la evaluación de la actividad investigadora como para la medición de la actividad económica y social de un país. El artículo analiza los indicadores para la evaluación de la calidad en la actividad investigadora y profundiza en la utilización de las bases de datos como herramienta de estudios bibliométricos.

Running Pace Decrease during a Marathon Is Positively Related to Blood Markers of Muscle Damage

Background: Completing a marathon is one of the most challenging sports activities, yet the source of running fatigue during this event is not completely understood. The aim of this investigation was to determine the cause(s) of running fatigue during a marathon in warm weather. Methodology/Principal Findings: We recruited 40 amateur runners (34 men and 6 women) for the study. Before the race, body core temperature, body mass, leg muscle power output during a countermovement jump, and blood samples were obtained. During the marathon (27 uC; 27% relative humidity) running fatigue was measured as the pace reduction from the first 5-km to the end of the race. Within 3 min after the marathon, the same pre-exercise variables were obtained. Results: Marathoners reduced their running pace from 3.5 6 0.4 m/s after 5-km to 2.9 6 0.6 m/s at the end of the race (P,0.05), although the running fatigue experienced by the marathoners was uneven. Marathoners with greater running fatigue (. 15% pace reduction) had elevated post-race myoglobin (1318 6 1411 v 623 6 391 mg L21; P,0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (687 6 151 v 583 6 117 U L21; P,0.05), and creatine kinase (564 6 469 v 363 6 158 U L21; P = 0.07) in comparison with marathoners that preserved their running pace reasonably well throughout the race. However, they did not differ in their body mass change (23.1 6 1.0 v 23.0 6 1.0%; P = 0.60) or post-race body temperature (38.7 6 0.7 v 38.9 6 0.9 uC; P = 0.35). Conclusions/Significance: Running pace decline during a marathon was positively related with muscle breakdown blood markers. To elucidate if muscle damage during a marathon is related to mechanistic or metabolic factors requires further investigation.

Análisis del perfil del profesor de educación especial en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco

452 p.

Hacia una economía holográfica. Una revisión de la ciencia económica a partir de la ontoepistemología oriental

363 p.

Euskalaritzaren historia eta historiografia: ikerketa-arloaren egoeraz

[EN] This paper attempts to summarize what is currently known about the History of Basque Linguistics. The first section tries to explain what is precisely meant by the term “euskalaritza" (Bascology) and proposes a provisional periodization of the History of Basque Linguistics. The second section outlines the factors which triggered the development of Basque Linguistic Historiography from the mid 80's --mainly the new interpretation of the 18th century Jesuit M. Larramendi's works-- and shows some of its consequences. The third section carries out the chief goal of the paper; the principal authors' works, and ideas emerging from the History of Basque Linguistics are there briefly noticed, and historiographical works concerning each one of them are mentioned along; special emphasis is laid on the most recent findings. Finally, a bibliographical appendix is provided containing the works by the old authors referred to throughout the paper.