Evaluation of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin and the Levels of mRNA Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 7, Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor and COX-2 for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

8 p.

Processing and characterization of soy protein-based materials

Las proteínas son biopolímeros con potenciales propiedades para aplicaciones en el campo de envases por su capacidad para formar films con buenas propiedades barrera en condiciones secas. Además, al ser biodegradables y provenir de recursos renovables, ofrecen importantes ventajas desde el punto de vista medioambiental y económico. Sin embargo, los films basados en proteínas son frágiles y presentan una baja resistencia a la humedad, por lo que se requiere su modificación para fabricar materiales útiles en las condiciones de servicio.El objetivo de esta tesis es reducir la absorción de humedad y simultáneamente mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de los materiales fabricados con proteína de soja. Para ello es necesaria la adición de sustancias que puedan interaccionar con los grupos polares de la proteína, reduciendo así su carácter hidrofílico y la absorción de humedad, y que a la vez puedan actuar como plastificantes, reduciendo la fragilidad del material fabricado. Además, las condiciones de procesado también influyen en las propiedades del material, por tanto, la optimización del procesado es otro de los objetivos de la tesis.Para poder conseguir la mejora de las propiedades del material y, en concreto, aquellas requeridas por el sector del envase, como son las propiedades mecánicas y la resistencia a la humedad, la tesis se ha centrado en tres áreas: plastificación por adición de glicerol; mezclado con sustancias naturales como gelatinas, ácidos, aceites y azúcares; y procesado por los métodos húmedo y seco.

New Oncogenic Drivers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of the RNA Binding Protein Hu antigen R

156 p. : graf.

Surface Expression and Subunit Specific Control of Steady Protein Levels by the Kv7.2 Helix A-B Linker

12 p.

Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the N-terminal fragment of Candida albicans hyphal wall protein I

Background: The diagnosis of invasive candidiasis is difficult because there are no specific clinical manifestations of the disease and colonization and infection are difficult to distinguish. In the last decade, much effort has been made to develop reliable tests for rapid diagnosis of invasive candidiasis, but none of them have found widespread clinical use. Results: Antibodies against a recombinant N-terminal fragment of the Candida albicans germ tube-specific antigen hyphal wall protein 1 (Hwp1) generated in Escherichia coli were detected by both immunoblotting and ELISA tests in a group of 36 hematological or Intensive Care Unit patients with invasive candidiasis and in a group of 45 control patients at high risk for the mycosis who did not have clinical or microbiological data to document invasive candidiasis. Results were compared with an immunofluorescence test to detect antibodies to C. albicans germ tubes (CAGT). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of a diagnostic test based on the detection of antibodies against the N-terminal fragment of Hwp1 by immunoblotting were 27.8 %, 95.6 %, 83.3 % and 62.3 %, respectively. Detection of antibodies to the N-terminal fragment of Hwp1 by ELISA increased the sensitivity (88.9 %) and the negative predictive value (90.2 %) but slightly decreased the specificity (82.6 %) and positive predictive values (80 %). The kinetics of antibody response to the N-terminal fragment of Hwp1 by ELISA was very similar to that observed by detecting antibodies to CAGT. Conclusion: An ELISA test to detect antibodies against a recombinant N-terminal fragment of the C. albicans germ tube cell wall antigen Hwp1 allows the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis with similar results to those obtained by detecting antibodies to CAGT but without the need of treating the sera to adsorb the antibodies against the cell wall surface of the blastospore.

Membrane activities of Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and BCL2-related Ovarian Killer (BOK)

311 p.

Inflammatory Markers and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obese Children: The NANOS Study

Introduction. Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) are common coexisting conditions associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory state underlying some of the cognitive, metabolic, and cardiovascular morbidities. Aim. To examine the levels of inflammatory markers in obese community-dwelling children with OSA, as compared to no-OSA, and their association with clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) variables. Methods. In this cross-sectional, prospective multicenter study, healthy obese Spanish children (ages 4-15 years) were randomly selected and underwent nocturnal PSG followed by a morning fasting blood draw. Plasma samples were assayed for multiple inflammatory markers. Results. 204 children were enrolled in the study; 75 had OSA, defined by an obstructive respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of 3 events/hour total sleep time (TST). BMI, gender, and age were similar in OSA and no-OSA children. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were significantly higher in OSA children, with interleukin-6 concentrations being higher in moderate-severe OSA (i.e., AHI > 5/hrTST; P < 0.01), while MCP-1 levels were associated with more prolonged nocturnal hypercapnia (P < 0.001). Conclusion. IL-6, MCP-1, and PAI-1 are altered in the context of OSA among community-based obese children further reinforcing the proinflammatory effects of sleep disorders such as OSA. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01322763.