Algunos nombres de vinos en griego antiguo

[ES]La frecuente presencia del vino en la literatura griega antigua pone de relieve su importancia como elemento de cultura. En general, sus nombres hacen referencia directa al lugar de procedencia, pero junto a ellos hay otros de origen poco claro o a los que se ha prestado poca atención y que pueden ser importantes para ampliar nuestros conocimientos sobre esta bebida.

El vino de los héroes homéricos

(ES) El vino tiene un importante papel en el mundo idealizado de los héroes homéricos. El poeta ofrece las primeras descripciones de vinos griegos, principalmente procedentes del norte del Egeo, situándolos en contextos muy variados, como centro del banquete, bebida reconstituyente, elemento imprescindible en plegarias y juramentos e incluso símbolo de honor que distingue a los personajes más destacados.

Un uso metafórico del vino en Aristófanes: las vinosas treguas de Acarnienses, 186-200

[ES] Aristófanes es un autor que muestra en sus obras una predilección especial por el vino, al que hace numerosas alusiones de todo tipo, relacionándolo con la celebración y la fiesta. Podemos destacar en particular algunos usos metafóricos en los que se muestra la estrecha relación que existe entre éste y la paz, con la que en cierta manera puede llegar a identificarse. Tal es el caso de un pasaje de Aristófanes (Acarnienses, 186-200) en el que las diversas propuestas de tregua se presentan como si fueran vinos de diversas añadas que el protagonista debe catar.

LC-MS based methods for phytosterols determination in oenological matrices. Targeted metabolomic study of Rioja grape varieties

221 p.+ anexos

Un uso metafórico del vino en Aristófanes: las vinosas treguas de «Acarnienses», 186-200

[ES] Aristófanes es un autor que muestra en sus obras una predilección especial por el vino, al que hace numerosas alusiones de todo tipo, relacionándolo con la celebración y la fiesta. Podemos destacar en particular algunos usos metafóricos en los que se muestra la estrecha relación que existe entre éste y la paz, con la que en cierta manera puede llegar a identificarse. Tal es el caso de un pasaje de Aristófanes (Acarnienses, 186-200) en el que las diversas propuestas de tregua se presentan como si fueran vinos de diversas añadas que el protagonista debe catar.

What Can the Brain Teach Us about Winemaking? An fMRI Study of Alcohol Level Preferences

Over the last few decades, wine makers have been producing wines with a higher alcohol content, assuming that they are more appreciated by consumers. To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic imaging to compare reactions of human subjects to different types of wine, focusing on brain regions critical for flavor processing and food reward. Participants were presented with carefully matched pairs of high- and low- alcohol content red wines, without informing them of any of the wine attributes. Contrary to expectation, significantly greater activation was found for low- alcohol than for high- alcohol content wines in brain regions that are sensitive to taste intensity, including the insula as well as the cerebellum. Wines were closely matched for all physical attributes except for alcohol content, thus we interpret the preferential response to the low- alcohol content wines as arising from top-down modulation due to the low alcohol content wines inducing greater attentional exploration of aromas and flavours. The findings raise intriguing possibilities for objectively testing hypotheses regarding methods of producing a highly complex product such as wine.

Development of procedures for the triazole fungicides determination in fruits and liquid samples using microextraction techniques and chromatographic separation

Agricultural crops can be damaged by funguses, insects, worms and other organisms that cause diseases and decrease the yield of production. The effect of these damaging agents can be reduced using pesticides. Among them, triazole compounds are effective substances against fungus; for example, Oidium. Nevertheless, it has been detected that the residues of these fungicides in foods as well as in derivate products can affect the health of the consumers. Therefore, the European Union has established several regulations fixing the maximum residue of pesticide levels in a wide range of foods trying to assure the consumer safety. Hence, it is very important to develop adequate methods to determine these pesticide compounds. In most cases, gas or liquid chromatographic (GC, LC) separations are used in the analysis of the samples. But firstly, it is necessary to use proper sample treatments in order to preconcentrate and isolate the target analytes. To reach this aim, microextraction techniques are very effective tools; because allow to do both preconcentration and extraction of the analytes in one simple step that considerably reduces the source of errors. With these objectives, two remarkable techniques have been widely used during the last years: solid phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid phase microextraction (LPME) with its different options. Both techniques that avoid the use or reduce the amount of toxic solvents are convenient coupled to chromatographic equipments providing good quantitative results in a wide number of matrices and compounds. In this work simple and reliable methods have been developed using SPME and ultrasound assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) coupled to GC or LC for triazole fungicides determination. The proposed methods allow confidently determine triazole concentrations of μg L‐1 order in different fruit samples. Chemometric tools have been used to accomplish successful determinations. Firstly, in the selection and optimization of the variables involved in the microextraction processes; and secondly, to overcome the problems related to the overlapping peaks. Different fractional factorial designs have been used for the screening of the experimental variables; and central composite designs have been carried out to get the best experimental conditions. Trying to solve the overlapping peak problems multivariate calibration methods have been used. Parallel Factor Analysis 2 (PARAFAC2), Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) and Parallel Factor Analysis with Linear Dependencies (PARALIND) have been proposed, the adequate algorithms have been used according to data characteristics, and the results have been compared. Because its occurrence in Basque Country and its relevance in the production of cider and txakoli regional wines the grape and apple samples were selected. These crops are often treated with triazole compounds trying to solve the problems caused by the funguses. The peel and pulp from grape and apple, their juices and some commercial products such as musts, juice and cider have been analysed showing the adequacy of the developed methods for the triazole determination in this kind of fruit samples.