Análisis de los factores determinantes del uso de mensajes SMS para participar en programas de televisión

[ES] El envío de mensajes cortos a programas, anuncios o concursos de televisión se ha convertido hoy en día en una fuente importante de ingresos tanto para los operadores de telefonía móvil como para las cadenas y productoras televisivas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar cómo contribuye la actitud y la relación individuo-medio en que el telespectador utilice este servicio de mensajería para participar en los programas televisivos. Los resultados ponen de relieve que tanto la compatibilidad del individuo con el servicio como el entretenimiento percibido al participar en este tipo de programas y la actitud hacia el uso son factores determinantes de la utilización del servicio.

Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time during Childhood, Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Cohort Study

Background: To know how moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time change across lifespan periods is needed for designing successful lifestyle interventions. We aimed to study changes in objectively measured (accelerometry) MVPA and sedentary time from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods: Estonian and Swedish participants from the European Youth Heart Study aged 9 and 15 years at baseline (N = 2312) were asked to participate in a second examination 6 (Sweden) to 9/10 (Estonia) years later. 1800 participants with valid accelerometer data were analyzed. Results: MVPA decreased from childhood to adolescence (21 to 22.5 min/d per year of follow-up, P = 0.01 and ,0.001, for girls and boys respectively) and also from adolescence to young adulthood (20.8 to 22.2 min/d per year, P = 0.02 and ,0.001 for girls and boys, respectively). Sedentary time increased from childhood to adolescence (+15 and +20 min/d per year, for girls and boys respectively, P,0.001), with no substantial change from adolescence to young adulthood. Changes in both MVPA and sedentary time were greater in Swedish than in Estonian participants and in boys than in girls. The magnitude of the change observed in sedentary time was 3–6 time larger than the change observed in MVPA. Conclusions: The decline in MVPA (overall change = 30 min/d) and increase sedentary time (overall change = 2:45 h/d)observed from childhood to adolescence are of concern and might increase the risk of developing obesity and other chronic diseases later in life. These findings substantially contribute to understand how key health-related behaviors (physical activity and sedentary) change across important periods of life.

Factors associated with chronic pain in patients with bipolar depression: a cross-sectional study

Background: While pain is frequently associated with unipolar depression, few studies have investigated the link between pain and bipolar depression. In the present study we estimated the prevalence and characteristics of pain among patients with bipolar depression treated by psychiatrists in their regular clinical practice. The study was designed to identify factors associated with the manifestation of pain in these patients.- Methods:Patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (n=121) were selected to participate in a cross-sectional study in which DSM-IV-TR criteria were employed to identify depressive episodes. The patients were asked to describe any pain experienced during the study, and in the 6 weeks beforehand, by means of a Visual Analogical Scale (VAS).- Results: Over half of the bipolar depressed patients (51.2%, 95% CI: 41.9%–60.6%), and 2/3 of the female experienced concomitant pain. The pain was of moderate to severe intensity and prolonged duration, and it occurred at multiple sites, significantly limiting the patient’s everyday activities. The most important factors associated with the presence of pain were older age, sleep disorders and delayed diagnosis of bipolar disorder.- Conclusions: Chronic pain is common in bipolar depressed patients, and it is related to sleep disorders and delayed diagnosis of their disorder. More attention should be paid to study the presence of pain in bipolar depressed patients, in order to achieve more accurate diagnoses and to provide better treatment options.

The interactive brain hypothesis

Enactive approaches foreground the role of interpersonal interaction in explanations of social understanding. This motivates, in combination with a recent interest in neuroscientific studies involving actual interactions, the question of how interactive processes relate to neural mechanisms involved in social understanding. We introduce the Interactive Brain Hypothesis (IBH) in order to help map the spectrum of possible relations between social interaction and neural processes. The hypothesis states that interactive experience and skills play enabling roles in both the development and current function of social brain mechanisms, even in cases where social understanding happens in the absence of immediate interaction. We examine the plausibility of this hypothesis against developmental and neurobiological evidence and contrast it with the widespread assumption that mindreading is crucial to all social cognition. We describe the elements of social interaction that bear most directly on this hypothesis and discuss the empirical possibilities open to social neuroscience. We propose that the link between coordination dynamics and social understanding can be best grasped by studying transitions between states of coordination. These transitions form part of the self-organization of interaction processes that characterize the dynamics of social engagement. The patterns and synergies of this self-organization help explain how individuals understand each other. Various possibilities for role-taking emerge during interaction, determining a spectrum of participation. This view contrasts sharply with the observational stance that has guided research in social neuroscience until recently. We also introduce the concept of readiness to interact to describe the practices and dispositions that are summoned in situations of social significance (even if not interactive). This latter idea links interactive factors to more classical observational scenarios.

Criterios y parametros de desarrollo sostenible aplicables al planeamiento urbano y su ejecución

[ES]Todo aquello, real o conceptual, que podamos imaginar aparece una vez que tiene un soporte físico. La insostenibilidad proviene del uso desaforado de los recursos naturales para satisfacer los deseos del presente, que lleva a una menor disponibilidad de los mismos en el largo plazo. Esto ocurre porque los flujos de materia y energía se modifican y también lo hacen los agentes que en ellos participan. La hoja de ruta para alcanzar la sostenibilidad es, por una parte, ir promoviendo un cambio de conciencia en el seno de la sociedad y a la vez, aplicar soluciones técnicas que lleven el sello de la sostenibilidad. Este cambio, es una actuación conjunta y necesita de la participación de todos los seres humanos para tener esperanzas de éxito. La ciudad, ecológicamente, es un agujero negro e incluye no sólo lo que es, sino también lo que necesita para mantenerse tal y como es. La planificación urbana ecológica intenta aunar lo urbano y lo sostenible, ya que tiene como propósito proponer áreas donde los asentamientos humanos sean favorables y produzcan menos repercusiones negativas en el entorno. Para lograrlo, energía, materiales constructivos, agua, residuos, zonas verdes, comunidad y la incidencia en la legislación son ámbitos en los que el planeamiento urbano sostenible debe actuar. Los seres humanos somos los poseedores de nuestro destino. Los resultados son consecuencia de las acciones. Si algo ocurre es porque nuestras acciones han sido las elegidas para que así sea.

We can work it out: an enactive look at cooperation

The past years have seen an increasing debate on cooperation and its unique human character. Philosophers and psychologists have proposed that cooperative activities are characterized by shared goals to which participants are committed through the ability to understand each other’s intentions. Despite its popularity, some serious issues arise with this approach to cooperation. First, one may challenge the assumption that high-level mental processes are necessary for engaging in acting cooperatively. If they are, then how do agents that do not possess such ability (preverbal children, or children with autism who are often claimed to be mind-blind) engage in cooperative exchanges, as the evidence suggests? Secondly, to define cooperation as the result of two de-contextualized minds reading each other’s intentions may fail to fully acknowledge the complexity of situated, interactional dynamics and the interplay of variables such as the participants’ relational and personal history and experience. In this paper we challenge such accounts of cooperation, calling for an embodied approach that sees cooperation not only as an individual attitude toward the other, but also as a property of interaction processes. Taking an enactive perspective, we argue that cooperation is an intrinsic part of any interaction, and that there can be cooperative interaction before complex communicative abilities are achieved. The issue then is not whether one is able or not to read the other’s intentions, but what it takes to participate in joint action. From this basic account, it should be possible to build up more complex forms of cooperation as needed. Addressing the study of cooperation in these terms may enhance our understanding of human social development, and foster our knowledge of different ways of engaging with others, as in the case of autism.

Undertreatment of human immunodeficiency virus in psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional study of seroprevalence and associated factors

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of HIV and its associated demographic and clinical factors among psychiatric inpatients of a general hospital. Methods: This was a single-center, observational, cross-sectional study that included patients consecutively admitted to our unit aged 16 years or older and with no relevant cognitive problems. The patients were evaluated using a semistructured interview and an appropriate test for HIV infection. Results: Of the 637 patients who were screened, 546 (86%) who consented to participate were included in the analyses. Twenty-five (4.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-6.8) patients were HIV-positive. The prevalence was higher among patients with substance misuse (17.4%, 95% CI 9.7-28.8). All except one of the 25 patients knew of their seropositive condition prior to participation in the study. Only 14 (56%) of the 25 seropositive patients had previously received pharmacological treatment for their infection. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of HIV infection was lower in patients with higher levels of education and higher among patients who were single, had history of intravenous drug use, and had an HIV-positive partner, particularly if they did not use condoms. Among the patients with HIV infection, 18 (72%) had a history of suicide attempts compared with 181 (34.7%) of the patients without HIV infection (relative risk 2.1, 95% CI 1.6-2.7; P<0.001). Conclusion: HIV infection is highly prevalent in patients admitted to a psychiatric unit, especially those with a diagnosis of substance misuse. Seropositive patients show very poor treatment adherence. The risk of suicide seems to be very high in this population. Implementing interventions to reduce the suicide risk and improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy and psychotropic medications seems crucial.

Diseño del sistema de tensor de cadena y acople de pinza de freno trasero para moto de competición.

[ES]En este documento se propone el diseño de dos sistemas imprescindibles en el tren trasero de una moto de competición, el sistema de tensor de cadena y el del acople de pinza de freno trasero. Junto a estos sistemas se diseñará, dada su relevancia, el basculante de la moto. Estos diseños se realizarán de tal manera que cumplan una serie de requisitos geométricos y de resistencia, garantizando en todo momento la estabilidad y seguridad del piloto. Se realizará también el estudio de la fabricación de cada uno de los elementos que componen los sistemas, con el fin de realizar diseños viables, que resulten económicamente factibles y mantengan un alto grado de calidad. En el proyecto se analizarán las diferentes alternativas de los sistemas que se puedan adoptar, sus ventajas y desventajas, para así poder escoger, con un alto grado de seguridad, la opción que mejor cumpla los objetivos y condiciones establecidos. Cabe destacar que este proyecto se encuentra dentro de otro de mayor envergadura consistente en el diseño y la fabricación de una motocicleta de competición para participar en el campeonato internacional llamado “MotoStudent”. Esta competición se realiza entre universidades de todo el mundo y en ella los equipos de estudiantes se enfrentan al desafío de diseñar y desarrollar un prototipo de motocicleta de competición similar a la categoría mundialista de “Moto3”.

Fabricación de piñón para motocicleta de competición. Prototipo.

[ES]Este trabajo fin de grado consiste en la fabricación de un piñón de motocicleta de competición, la cual está destinada a participar en Moto Student, una competición entre universidades de todo el mundo. Se procede a realizar un estudio de las alternativas existentes, para finalizar eligiendo una técnica novedosa y atractiva como la electroerosión por hilo. Además, se tomarán otras decisiones también importantes como el material a utilizar o los procesos de mecanizado previos a la electroerosión que cumplan las exigencias de diseño de una forma óptima y económicamente viable.

Control de frecuencia en parques eólicos.

[ES]de generación convencional basada en grandes centrales de generación térmica por lo que es necesaria la contribución de este tipo de generación en el mantenimiento de las magnitudes básicas del sistema. El objetivo del T.F.G, será analizar el impacto de la generación eólica en la frecuencia del sistema, así como las diferentes propuestas para que este tipo de generación participe en el control de frecuencia. En primer lugar se describen los aspectos técnicos de la generación eólica. A continuación se analiza el control de frecuencia y se examinan diferentes mecanismos de contribución de la generación eólica al control de frecuencia. Finalmente se realizará un ejemplo práctico mediante el programa de simulación Matlab/Simulink con objeto de analizar de forma simplificada el comportamiento de control de frecuencia en sistemas eléctricos con generación eólica.