Gogortasunaren estimazioa Barkhausen metodoaz.

[EU]Gradu amaierako lan hau merkatuan dauden kalitate kontroleko azterketa mota batzuen azterketan oinarritzen da, batez ere materialaren gainazaleko gogortasunaren azterketan metodo berri baten erabilpenaz. Metodo berri hau, metodo ez suntsikorra da eta Barkhausen soinuan oinarritzen da non gogortasunaren estimazio hurbildu bat egitea lortu nahi den. Lan honetan metodo berri honen inplantazioaren onurak eta berau zertan datzan azaltzen da etorkizunean materialaren gainazaleko gogortasunaren neurketan erabili ahal izateko enpresen onurarako kanlitateko kontroleko sailean.

Fiber Bragg Gratings, IT Techniques and Strain Gauge Validation for Strain Calculation on Aged Metal Specimens

This paper studies the feasibility of calculating strains in aged F114 steel specimens with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors and infrared thermography (IT) techniques. Two specimens have been conditioned under extreme temperature and relative humidity conditions making comparative tests of stress before and after aging using different adhesives. Moreover, a comparison has been made with IT tecniques and conventional methods for calculating stresses in F114 steel. Implementation of Structural Health Monitoring techniques on real aircraft during their life cycle requires a study of the behaviour of FBG sensors and their wiring under real conditions, before using them for a long time. To simulate aging, specimens were stored in a climate chamber at 70 degrees C and 90% RH for 60 days. This study is framed within the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Non Destructuve Evaluation (NDE) research lines, integrated into the avionics area maintained by the Aeronautical Technologies Centre (CTA) and the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).

Metalak eta metaloideak itsasadarretan: kutsadura jarraitzeko erreminta analitikoen

265 p.

Novel equation to determine the hepatic triglyceride concentration in humans by MRI: diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of lipids within liver cells. Its prevalence is increasing in developed countries in association with obesity, and it represents a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since NAFLD is usually asymptomatic at diagnosis, new non-invasive approaches are needed to determine the hepatic lipid content in terms of diagnosis, treatment and control of disease progression. Here, we investigated the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantitate and monitor the hepatic triglyceride concentration in humans. Methods: A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy was conducted among 129 consecutive adult patients (97 obesity and 32 non-obese) to compare multi-echo MRI fat fraction, grade of steatosis estimated by histopathology, and biochemical measurement of hepatic triglyceride concentration (that is, Folch value). Results: MRI fat fraction positively correlates with the grade of steatosis estimated on a 0 to 3 scale by histopathology. However, this correlation value was stronger when MRI fat fraction was linked to the Folch value, resulting in a novel equation to predict the hepatic triglyceride concentration (mg of triglycerides/g of liver tissue = 5.082 + (432.104 * multi-echo MRI fat fraction)). Validation of this formula in 31 additional patients (24 obese and 7 controls) resulted in robust correlation between the measured and estimated Folch values. Multivariate analysis showed that none of the variables investigated improves the Folch prediction capacity of the equation. Obese patients show increased steatosis compared to controls using MRI fat fraction and Folch value. Bariatric surgery improved MRI fat fraction values and the Folch value estimated in obese patients one year after surgery. Conclusions: Multi-echo MRI is an accurate approach to determine the hepatic lipid concentration by using our novel equation, representing an economic non-invasive method to diagnose and monitor steatosis in humans.

Ensayos no destructivos y su aplicación en la industria.

[ES]Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos principales: El primero es hacer una presentación de los Ensayos No Destructivos (END), para lograr dicho objetivo se responde a las preguntas de cómo, porque y cuando surgieron dichos métodos, así como cual ha sido su evolución histórica y su introducción en la industria. El segundo objetivo principal es la aplicación de tres END (los líquidos penetrantes, los ultrasonidos y las partículas magnéticas) en la industria, para ello se desarrolla el procedimiento a seguir por estas tres técnicas en codos de tubería sin soldadura.