56 resultados para Gomez Ortega, José.

em Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco


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The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has a multifaceted function in the modulation of information processing through the activation of multiple receptor families, including G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes (5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT4-7) and ligand-gated ion channels (5-HT3). The largest population of serotonergic neurons is located in the midbrain, specifically in the raphe nuclei. Although the medial and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) share common projecting areas, in the basal ganglia (BG) nuclei serotonergic innervations come mainly from the DRN. The BG are a highly organized network of subcortical nuclei composed of the striatum (caudate and putamen), subthalamic nucleus (STN), internal and external globus pallidus (or entopeduncular nucleus in rodents, GPi/EP and GPe) and substantia nigra (pars compacta, SNc, and pars reticulata, SNr). The BG are part of the cortico-BG-thalamic circuits, which play a role in many functions like motor control, emotion, and cognition and are critically involved in diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This review provides an overview of serotonergic modulation of the BG at the functional level and a discussion of how this interaction may be relevant to treating PD and the motor complications induced by chronic treatment with L-DOPA.

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Current research efforts are focused on the application of growth factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as neuroregenerative approaches that will prevent the neurodegenerative process in Parkinson's disease. Continuing a previous work published by our research group, and with the aim to overcome different limitations related to growth factor administration, VEGF and GDNF were encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanospheres (NS). This strategy facilitates the combined administration of the VEGF and GDNF into the brain of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) partially lesioned rats, resulting in a continuous and simultaneous drug release. The NS particle size was about 200 nm and the simultaneous addition of VEGF NS and GDNF NS resulted in significant protection of the PC-12 cell line against 6-OHDA in vitro. Once the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NS were implanted into the striatum of 6-OHDA partially lesioned rats, the amphetamine rotation behavior test was carried out over 10 weeks, in order to check for in vivo efficacy. The results showed that VEGF NS and GDNF NS significantly decreased the number of amphetamine-induced rotations at the end of the study. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemical analysis in the striatum and the external substantia nigra confirmed a significant enhancement of neurons in the VEGF NS and GDNF NS treatment group. The synergistic effect of VEGF NS and GDNF NS allows for a reduction of the dose by half, and may be a valuable neurogenerative/neuroreparative approach for treating Parkinson's disease.

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Fecha: 29-9-1947 / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 25 - Expediente 23-4 / Nº de pág.: 1 (mecanografiada)

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Fecha: 26-2-1985 / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 48 - Expediente 7-8 / Nº de pág.: 4 (mecanografiadas)

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La Tesis recoge un estudio experimental sobre mezclas y nanocompuestos de dos polímeros comerciales, ambos con peculiares capacidades a la hora de disgregar arcillas a nivel nanoscópico y de mezclarse con otros polímeros, lo que les hace particularmente atractivos a la hora de preparar masterbatches con altos contenidos en arcillas. Se han estudiado, entre otros efectos, el papel que las arcillas juegan en los fenómenos de cristalización de la policaprolactona y, sobre todo, en las propiedades de transporte de gases y vapores a través de los nanocompuestos obtenidos con las arcillas y los polímeros objeto de la Tesis. Con idénticos puntos de vista se han analizado mezclas binarias de ambos polímeros, incluyendo un estudio tentativo de uno de sus posibles nanocompuestos. Finalmente, se ha realizado un estudio de mezclas de policaprolactona con un polímero conductor, el polipirrol. En este caso, la cristalización del primero induce, con pequeñas cantidades del segundo, una red en éste que asegura una conductividad estimable y una mejora en las propiedades de transporte al dióxido de carbono.

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La teleoperación o telerobótica es un campo de la robótica que se basa en el control remoto de robots esclavo por parte de un usuario encargado de gobernar, mediante un dispositivo maestro, la fuerza y movimiento del robot. Sobre dicho usuario recaen también las tareas de percepción del entorno, planificación y manipulación compleja. Concretamente se pretende desarrollar el control software necesario para teleoperar un manipulador esclavo, Kuka Lightweigh mediante un dispositivo háptico Phamton Omni, que se comporta como maestro, sin que afecten las diferencias dinámicas y estructurales existentes entre ambos dispositivos, aportando información adicional al operador para facilitar la operación. La principal motivación de la evolución de esta tecnología se debe a la necesidad de realizar trabajos en entornos hostiles, de difícil acceso, o perjudiciales para la salud del usuario.

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1 carta (mecanografiada) ; 210x290mm. Ubicación: Caja 1 - Carpeta 5

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1 carta (mecanografiada) ; 162x224mm. Ubicación: Caja 1 - Carpeta 9

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7 cartas (mecanografiadas) ; entre 215x286mm y 157x215mm. Ubicación: Caja 1 - Carpeta 10

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3 cartas (mecanografiadas) ; entre 220x340mm y 220x310mm. Ubicación: Caja 1 - Carpeta 11

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5 cartas (manuscritas y mecanografiadas) ; 215x160mm. Ubicación: Caja 1 - Carpeta 12

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Overexpression of the mammalian homolog of the unc-18 gene (munc18-1) has been described in the brain of subjects with schizophrenia. Munc18-1 protein is involved in membrane fusion processes, exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. A transgenic mouse strain that overexpresses the protein isoform munc18-1a in the brain was characterized. This animal displays several schizophrenia-related behaviors, supersensitivity to hallucinogenic drugs and deficits in prepulse inhibition that reverse after antipsychotic treatment. Relevant brain areas (that is, cortex and striatum) exhibit reduced expression of dopamine D-1 receptors and dopamine transporters together with enhanced amphetamine-induced in vivo dopamine release. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates decreased gray matter volume in the transgenic animal. In conclusion, the mouse overexpressing brain munc18-1a represents a new valid animal model that resembles functional and structural abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.