The Environmental, Social, Governance, and Financial Performance Effects on Companies that Adopt the United Nations Global Compact

This paper aims to investigate companies' environmental, social, governance (ESG), and financial implications of their commitment to the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC). The focus is placed on companies operating in the three countries with the highest number of UNGC participants: Spain, France, and Japan. The results clearly reveal that adoption of the UNGC often requires an organizational change that fosters stakeholder engagement, ultimately resulting in improvements in companies' ESG performance. Additionally, the results reveal that ESG performance has a significant impact on financial performance for companies that adopted the principles of the UNGC. These findings provide both non-financial and financial incentives to companies to commit to this voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative, which will have important implications on companies' strategic management policies that aim to foster sustainable businesses and community development. Finally, the linkages between the UNGC-committed companies' ESG and financial performance may be influenced by geographical spread, mainly due to the appearance of differences in the institutional, societal, and cultural settings.

Kirol marken irudi eta posizionamendu analisia EAEko eta Alemaniako merkatuan

(EUSKERA) Azken urteetan, marken irudi eta posizionamendua neurtzeko asmoz, bai eremu profesionaletik bai hezkuntzaren eremutik ekarpenak egiten ari dira. Lan honetan, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko (Espainia) eta Bavariako (Alemania) eremu geografikoetara mugatuz kirol marken inguruko merkataritza ikerketa bat garatu izan da. Kontsumitzaileen portaeran eta pentsaeran ematen diren aldaketa azkarrak merkatuaren analisi jarraitu baten beharra sortzen dute. Planteamendu honekin, lan honetan, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko eta Bavariako kirol marka nagusien irudia eta posizionamendua aztertu da, hauek definitzen dituzten funtsezko ezaugarriak eta jarrerak deskribatuz eta bezeroen pertzepzioei dagokienez antzekoak diren marka taldeak identifikatuz.