Lengua y derecho a la educación en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco : reflexiones jurídicas sobre el tránsito hacia un nuevo modelo

The article analyzes the legal regime of Euskara in the education system of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (capv). In the capv, the legislation recognizes the right to choose the language of study during the educational cycle. The students are separated into different classrooms based on their language preference. This system of separation (of language models) has made it possible to make great strides, although its implementation also suggests aspects which, from the perspective of a pluralistic Basque society on its way towards greater social, political and language integration, call for further reflection The general model for language planning in the capv was fashioned in the eighties as a model characterized by the guarantee of spaces of language freedom, and the educational system was charged with making the learning of the region’s autochthonous language more widespread. At this point, we already have a fair degree of evidence on which to base an analysis of the system of language models and we are in a position to conclude that perhaps the educational system was given too heavy a burden. Official studies on language performance of Basque schoolchildren show (in a way that is now fully verified) that not all the students who finish their mandatory period of schooling achieve the level of knowledge of Euskara required by the regulations. When faced with this reality, it becomes necessary for us to articulate some alternative to the current configuration of the system of language models, one that will make it possible in the future to have a Basque society that is linguistically more integrated, thereby avoiding having the knowledge or lack of knowledge of one of the official languages become a language barrier between two communities. Many sides have urged a reconsideration of the system of language models. The Basque Parliament itself has requested the Department of Education to design a new system. This article analyzes the legal foundations on which the current system is built and explores the potential avenues for legal cooperation that would make it possible to move towards a new system aimed at guaranteeing higher rates of bilingualism. The system would be sufficiently flexible so as to be able to respond to and accommodate the different sociolinguistic realities of the region.

Amara Berri Sistemaren Baliagarritasuna Aztertzen

XX. mendean eman zen hezkuntza sistemaren aldaketa dela eta agertutako “Eskola Berria”ren mugimenduaren barnean dagoen Amara Berri Sistema mugimendu garrantzitsua eta oso berritzailea da. Hezkuntza kalitatea hobetzeko nahiarekin, hogei hezkuntza zentro baino gehiagok lan-sare bat osatzen dute, non sistema honen finkatzeari eta garapenari erreferentzia egiten dioten helburuak ezartzen diren. Ikerketa lan honetan ikasleen kalifikazio akademikoak eta irakasleek Amara Berri Sistemaren gainean duten pertzepzioa ageri dira. Horrela, Amara Berri Sistemak eskolari eta bertako kideei dakarkien onurak anitzak direla eta egiaztaturik daudela baieztatzen dugu.

Etorkinen seme-alaben jatorrizko hizkuntzen trataera eskolan

LABURPENA: EAEko hezkuntza sistemak gero eta ikasle etorkin kopuru handiagoa du. Horrek ikasgeletan hizkuntz aniztasuna sortzen du, ezinezkoa bihurtuz irakasleek ume guztien ama hizkuntza jakitea. Egoera berri horren aurrean, lan honen helburua da jatorri etorkina duten ikasleen ama hizkuntzei eskolan ematen zaien trataera ezagutzea. Asmo horrekin, adituek eskolako hizkuntzaren ikaskuntza prozesuan umeen ama hizkuntzek duten garrantziaz diotena aztertu dugu eta, ondoren, etorkin kopuru handia duen eskola publiko batean murgildu gara errealitate hori ikertzeko. Azterketa-lanean lorturiko emaitzak ikusita, ez du ematen ikastetxe horretan jarraitzen ari diren hezkuntza elebiduna modu egokiena denik egoera berriari erantzuteko eta badirudi interesgarria izan daitekeela antolakuntza, metodologia eta estrategia berritzaileetan pentsatzea.

Análisis de las prácticas educativas para su mejora desde un enfoque inclusivo en el centro Hijas de la Caridad de Nuestra Señora de Begoña en Bilbao

En la última década, la diversidad social se ha visto reflejada en nuestras escuelas, y ha llevado a nuestro sistema educativo a desarrollar políticas y planes de actuación que favorezcan el desarrollo de una escuela de calidad para todos. En el presente trabajo planteamos analizar las prácticas educativas que llevan a cabo en el centro Hijas de la Caridad de Nuestra Señora de Begoña, y realizar propuestas de mejora que puedan contribuir al progreso hacia un centro más inclusivo. Para el desarrollo del trabajo hemos utilizado la técnica de grupos focales contando con la participación de miembros activos de la comunidad educativa. (Español)

Ikasle ijitoak eskolan: Hezkuntza Inklusiborako bidean

Umeen garapen psikologikoan bi oinarrizko faktorek eragiten dute, besteak beste: familia eta eskola. Hortaz, familia hain garrantzitsua izanda, horren kulturak lehen mailako papera hartzen du garapen horretan. Kultura ijitoa ikerketaren oinarri bezala hartuta, beharrezkoa da ume horien egoera behatzea. Hori dela eta, lan honek objektibo bikoitza dauka: kultura ijitoaren ohiturak zein eskolarekiko duen harremana ezagutzea eta eskolaratze arrakastatsuaren klabeak lortzea. Eskola, gizartearen ordezkari bezala, pertsona guztien eskubideak betetzen dituen berdintasunezko gizarteak sortzeko oinarrizko eta erantzukizunezko bidea da.

Ikasleak irakastetik, pertsonak heztera: nork bere burua ezagutzeak hezkuntzan duen eragina

[eus] Lan honek hirugarren mailako neska-mutilengan autoezagutza akademikoak duen garrantzia behatu eta ikertu nahi du. Helburu bezala, ikasleak bere burua ezagutu, norberaren nortasuna garatzeko oinarrizkoa dena, eta inguruan dituzten pertsonen iritziak errespetatzea planteatu da. Gainera, esfortzuak prozesu honetan ez ezik, hezkuntza sisteman zein aspektu sozialean duen garrantzia ere erakutsi nahi da. Emaitzek aldaketa batzuk adierazten dituzte, batez ere, autoezagutza akademikoan.

Pension system's reform in Spain: a dynamic analysis of the effects in Welfare

100 p. : graf.

An austerity-driven energy reform

In July 2013, the government approved a major overhaul of the Spanish electricity sector to correct existing imbalances that have led to an exponential increase of regulated electricity costs and a huge tariff deficit. The reform addresses the problem of financial sustainability of the sector, severely affected by weak demand and overcapacity. Previous regulation introduced in 2012 and early 2013, also aimed at restoring financial stability of the sector, failed to correct the tariff shortfall and new regulatory measures were needed to reduce the 4.5 billion euros forecasted deficit for 2013. The frequent change of the rules of the game in the sector has created regulatory uncertainty, more so as it is not clear that the present reform will be sufficient to eliminate the deficit. Moreover, the government has left the door open to new regulation that would deal with the price formation system. In general, short run financial criteria have prevailed, while efficiency principles and a long run perspective have little weight in the reform.

Using the system dynamics paradigm in teaching and learning technological university subjets

2nd International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies

Reform of Spain's profesional services market: Implementation of the EU Services Directive

The implementation of the European Commission Services Directive initiated the modernization process of services markets within the European Union. The objective was to guarantee the creation of a single market by ensuring the freedom of establishment and circulation. The transposition of the Directive in Spain triggered an initial wave of reforms in the Spanish legal system. A second package of reforms is currently underway, following recommendations by the EC, IMF and OECD, which highlight the relative lack of competition in Spain’s services as one of the major imbalances in its economy, alongside the public deficit and unemployment. Both the implemented and planned reforms represent a major step forward. Nevertheless, the government has recently announced modifications to the draft bill of the Professional Services and Associations Law, which is expected to soon be submitted for parliamentary debate and approval. Taking into consideration modifications already introduced, together with anticipated further changes, it will be important to maintain the main points of the draft bill and to introduce a deeper review of the legal framework for professional services, of the professional associations themselves, and for the activities that are subject to compulsory membership within a professional association. Spain’s territorial map of professional associations must too be redrawn.

The Spanish Pension System: Overview and Long-Term Projections

In the middle of the so-called pension crisis, the ageing of population and the sharp decrease in affiliations to Social Security are threatening the well-functioning of the Spanish public pension system. The purpose of this paper is to present the main challenges to be faced by the Spanish pension system, as well as to shed light on the main determinants that will condition the evolution of pension expenditure over GDP along the following decades. This quantitative analysis, which considers the 2011 and 2013 pension reforms, uses the latest data on the Spanish demographic, labor market and institutional factors in order to project the evolution of the system from the expenditure side up to 2060. For the purpose of analyzing the dynamics and the underlying drivers of pension expenditure, the so-called aggregate accounting approach will be utilized. The alternative scenarios proposed allow for exploring the robustness of the results within the baseline scenario, which constitutes the reference point of projections in the exercise. The analysis concludes that, by the end of the projected period, Spain will count on a similar public pension expenditure ratio as the current one.