Running Pace Decrease during a Marathon Is Positively Related to Blood Markers of Muscle Damage

Background: Completing a marathon is one of the most challenging sports activities, yet the source of running fatigue during this event is not completely understood. The aim of this investigation was to determine the cause(s) of running fatigue during a marathon in warm weather. Methodology/Principal Findings: We recruited 40 amateur runners (34 men and 6 women) for the study. Before the race, body core temperature, body mass, leg muscle power output during a countermovement jump, and blood samples were obtained. During the marathon (27 uC; 27% relative humidity) running fatigue was measured as the pace reduction from the first 5-km to the end of the race. Within 3 min after the marathon, the same pre-exercise variables were obtained. Results: Marathoners reduced their running pace from 3.5 6 0.4 m/s after 5-km to 2.9 6 0.6 m/s at the end of the race (P,0.05), although the running fatigue experienced by the marathoners was uneven. Marathoners with greater running fatigue (. 15% pace reduction) had elevated post-race myoglobin (1318 6 1411 v 623 6 391 mg L21; P,0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (687 6 151 v 583 6 117 U L21; P,0.05), and creatine kinase (564 6 469 v 363 6 158 U L21; P = 0.07) in comparison with marathoners that preserved their running pace reasonably well throughout the race. However, they did not differ in their body mass change (23.1 6 1.0 v 23.0 6 1.0%; P = 0.60) or post-race body temperature (38.7 6 0.7 v 38.9 6 0.9 uC; P = 0.35). Conclusions/Significance: Running pace decline during a marathon was positively related with muscle breakdown blood markers. To elucidate if muscle damage during a marathon is related to mechanistic or metabolic factors requires further investigation.

Desarrollo de una solución para el acceso integrado a fuentes de información sobre Patrimonio histórico. Análisis de las alternativas e implementación de una solución basada en una aplicación de búsqueda orientada en bases de datos heterogéneas

[ES] Este proyecto surgió en el marco del proyecto de investigación:

Unlike Physical Exercise, Modified Environment Increases the Lifespan of SOD1(G93A) Mice However Both Conditions Induce Cellular Changes

8 p.

Global pressures, specific responses: effects of nutrient enrichment in streams from different biomes

13 p. + 2 p. (Erratum)

Design, analysis and implementation of a versatile low level radio frequency system for accelerating cavities

179 p.

Características antropométricas, condición física y velocidad de lanzamiento en balonmano de élite y amateur

166 p.

Uso de la Realidad Aumentada para facilitar la lectura e interpretación de planos

[ES] Este proyecto genera productos adicionales de trabajos también disponibles en el repositori, en concreto:

Deshidratzioa eta glukogenoaren deplekzioa mendi lasterketetan: elikadura beharrak

Errebisio bibliografiko honetan mendi lasterketetan dauden hidratazio eta elikadura beharrak eta hauentzako estrategiak deskribatzen dira errendimendu optimoa bilatuz

Financial Futures Markets and Their Impact on the Real Economy in Middle and Low Income Countries

This project analyses the influence of the futures market on middle and low income countries. In it, I attempt to show that investments made by large investment funds in this market, as well as by certain pension plans, bring major consequences whose effects are more evident in less developed countries. The cornerstones of the work are as follows; to attempt to see the existing relationship between the commodity futures market and its underlying assets; analysing products such as wheat, rice and corn in-depth, because these are the most basic foodstuffs at a global level; to determine how an increase in trading in these markets can affect the lives of people in the poorest countries; to analyse investor concern regarding the consequences that their investments may have. Throughout the project we will see how large speculators use production forecasting models to determine the shortage of a commodity in order to take a position in the futures market to profit from it. In addition we will see how an increase in trading in this market causes an increase in the price of the underlying asset in the spot market. As for investor concern, I can say it is negligible, but the idea of running pension plans or investment funds that follow some social criteria has been welcomed by those interviewed, which makes me think that different legislation is possible. This legislation will only come into existence if it is demanded by the people. A fact that now becomes complicated because without a minimum financial basis, they cannot even know how the large investment funds trade with hunger in the world. The day when most people understand how large speculators profit from famine will be the day to put pressure on governments to begin to put limits on speculation. This makes financial awareness necessary in order to achieve a curb in excessive speculation.

Contributions to High-Throughput Computing Based on the Peer-to-Peer Paradigm

XII, 116 p.

Desarrollo de una librería en Simulink de la normativa J1939 de automoción para el diagnóstico y comunicación de ECUs.

[ES]El objetivo principal de este proyecto consiste en desarrollar una librería en Matlab- Simulink correspondiente a un OBD (Sistema de diagnóstico a bordo) para el vehículo eléctrico. Se pretende comprobar el correcto funcionamiento de la librería ejecutando el software en tiempo real mediante un PLC proporcionado por Tecnalia, realizando la comunicación entre PLC y PC mediante bus CAN. En este contexto, la ejecución del proyecto seguiría la metodología de software del ciclo en V con las siguientes fases principales: Desarrollo de las comunicaciones en Simulink (Plataforma PC).Implementación del software en plataformas de prototipado rápido (Dspace). Validación y testeo. Implementación final en DSP.

Perfil motivacional de las mujeres participantes en la prueba atlética de los 3000 metros obstáculos

[ES] Los 3000 metros obstáculos es una especialidad del atletismo ubicada dentro de las pruebas de medio fondo, que comprende la carrera plana y el paso de los obstáculos, incluyendo un foso agua llamado ría. Es la especialidad de atletismo con menos participantes en carrera ya sea en género femenino como en masculino, pero ¿A qué se debe esta baja participación? Tanto la alta exigencia técnica en carrera como los pasos de los obstáculos son una de las razones, ya que, el paso de la ría requiere una refinada técnica y dificultad adquirida. Este estudio analizará a distintas atletas, con el fin de crear el perfil motivacional de las atletas que compiten en esta prueba, encontrar las razones por las que se decantan por otras especialidades del atletismo y no por esta, y con ello averiguar las razones de la baja participación en esta modalidad.

Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Interval Training in Aerobic Fitness and Physical Enjoyment in Young Elite Soccer Players

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Small-Sided Games (SSG) vs. Interval Training (IT) in soccer training on aerobic fitness and physical enjoyment in youth elite soccer players during the last 8 weeks of the season. Seventeen U-16 male soccer players (age = 15.5 +/- 0.6 years, and 8.5 years of experience) of a Spanish First Division club academy were randomized to 2 different groups for 6 weeks: SSG group (n = 9) and IT group (n = 8). In addition to the usual technical and tactical sessions and competitive games, the SSG group performed 11 sessions with different SSGs, whereas the IT group performed the same number of sessions of IT. Players were tested before and after the 6-week training intervention with a continuous maximal multistage running field test and the counter movement jump test (CMJ). At the end of the study, players answered the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). During the study, heart rate (HR) and session perceived effort (sRPE) were assessed. SSGs were as effective as IT in maintaining the aerobic fitness in elite young soccer players during the last weeks of the season. Players in the SSG group declared a greater physical enjoyment than IT (P = 0.006; ES = 1.86 +/- 1.07). Coaches could use SSG training during the last weeks of the season as an option without fear of losing aerobic fitness while promoting high physical enjoyment.

Mild Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior, Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of (NH4)0.80Li0.20[Fe(AsO4)F]

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