The Long Run Demand for Lighting: Elasticities and Rebound Effects in Different Phases of Economic Development

25 p.

La evolución de la intensidad energética de la industria vasca entre 1982-2001: Un análisis de descomposición

In this article an index decomposition methodology is used to estimate the effect of intersectorial and intrasectorial changes in explaining the 38% reduction in industrial energy intensity in the Basque Autonomous Community from 1982 to 2001. Period-wise additive decomposition results show that (1) the decline is fully explained by intrasectorial changes and that (2) intersectorial changes have not contributed to reduce but to increase the energy intensity of the Basque industrial sector. However, timeseries decomposition analysis shows that (1) four different phases can be distinguished in the evolution of energy intensity of the Basque industry from 1982 to 2001 and (2) that the evolution of the “Iron and Steel” sector is determinant when explaining those phases. Moreover, the analysis stresses the necessity to disaggregate the “Iron and Steel” sector in order to be able to distinguish purely technological effects from the rest of intrasectorial changes.

Experiences of Public-Private Collaboration for Stimulating

For over a decade now, work has been ongoing on the professional organization and management of town centre retail spaces in Spain under what is known as the Open Shopping Centre model. Introducing this model has involved a process of public-private collaboration in several different phases, conditioned to a large extent by the specific context of each initiative. With a view to furthering the process of benchmarking developed out of the experiences of recent years, we shall use case analysis to explain trends in initiatives for retail regeneration and stimulation undertaken in the Basque Country (an autonomous community in the north of Spain) since 2000. We analyze the factors that have prompted these initiatives, assessing and comparing the landmarks and conditions that have marked, or are determining, progress in the dynamic of collaboration between municipal authorities and retailers for a competitive improvement both in the retail sector and in the environment in which it operates: the city. Finally we list witch are these key factors.

SIW teknologiadun antena simulazioa

[EU]Lan honetan, lehenik eta behin, SIW teknologiaren funtzionamendua ikasi dugu. Ondoren, eta gaur egun ezagunagoak diren antzeko mikrouhinetako teknologiei (microstrip, uhin gida edo antzerako transmisio lerroak) buruzko jakintza handitu ostean, hauen eta SIW teknologiaren arteko baliokidetasuna nola lortu ikasi dugu. HFSS simulazio-tresnarekin SIW teknologiadun antena ezberdinak diseinatu eta simulatu ditugu (propietate nahiz tamaina ezberdinekoak) eta hauen emaitzak aztertu, besteak beste bere erradiazio diagrama eta S parametroak. Azkenik emaitza hauek interpretatu, eta ondorio bat lortu dugu. SIW teknologiak besteekiko dituen abantailaz gain, diseinu hauek aurrera eramateko bete ditugun pausuak eta simulazio emaitzetatik lortutako interpretazioak ondorengo memoria honetan azalduko ditugu, baita lan honek izan dituen fase ezberdinak eta lan hau aurrera ateratzearen aurrekontua ere.

Marketing of the Spanish film industry in the entertainment market

This project analyzes the role that marketing plays at present.It is a distinctive in the film industry because of the emergence of new patterns of production, distribution and exhibition due to the unstoppable progress of digital technologies, the expansion of the internet and consumer changes in the spectator. To perform this analysis, a description of the situation of the film industry in the competitive market, Hollywood, and the evolution of digital technology in general are included. It is also essential in the project, to observe, the marketing applied to the different phases of the globalized cinema. And then introduce the potential Spanish marketing strategies.

Cerebral hemodynamics during graded Valsalva maneuvers

The Valsalva maneuver (VM) produces large and abrupt changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) that challenge cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. We examined the effect of VM intensity on middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cortical oxygenation responses during (phases I-III) and following (phase IV) a VM. Healthy participants (n = 20 mean +/- SD: 27 +/- 7 years) completed 30 and 90% of their maximal VM mouth pressure for 10 s (order randomized) whilst standing. Beat-to-beat MCAv, cerebral oxygenation (NIRS) and MAP across the different phases of the VM are reported as the difference from standing baseline. There were significant interaction (phase * intensity) effects for MCAv, total oxygenation index (TOI) and MAP (all P < 0.01). MCAv decreased during phases II and III (P < 0.01), with the greatest decrease during phase III (-5 +/- 8 and -19 +/- 15 cm.s(-1) for 30 and 90% VM, respectively). This pattern was also evident in TOI (phase III: -1 +/- 1 and -5 +/- 4%, both P < 0.05). Phase IV increased MCAv (22 +/- 15 and 34 +/- 23 cm.s(-1)), MAP (15 +/- 14 and 24 +/- 17 mm Hg) and TOI (5 +/- 6 and 7 +/- 5%) relative to baseline (all P < 0.05). Cerebral autoregulation, indexed, as the % MCAv/%MAP ratio, showed a phase effect only (P < 0.001), with the least regulation during phase IV (2.4 +/- 3.0 and 3.2 +/- 2.9). These data illustrate that an intense VM profoundly affects cerebral hemodynamics, with a reactive hyperemia occurring during phase IV following modest ischemia during phases II and III.

Diseño y montaje de un identificador y conmutador para carga de baterías en serie

[ES]El objetivo de este proyecto es diseñar y construir un circuito identificador y conmutador para carga de baterías en serie autónomo. La funcionalidad de este dispositivo es determinar cual es la batería menos cargada de un banco de baterías de ácido plomo que alimenta un coche al estándar de 48 voltios(conformado por cuatro baterías de 12 voltios). Una vez determinado cual es la batería menos cargada debe re-­‐ direccionar la corriente dada por una placa solar a dicha batería. Todo esto debe hacerlo de forma autónoma, a través de un programa específico, implementado en un microcontrolador. En las diferentes fases del proyecto se ha diseñado el software, se ha diseñado y montado el hardware y se ha verificado su correcto funcionamiento. Además se presentan los costes y la viabilidad de una propuesta de fabricación estandarizada a partir de los planos resultantes del proyecto. Este proyecto surge como respuesta a la actual necesidad de aumentar la limitada autonomía de los coches eléctricos y hacerlos más eficientes. El proyecto se ha llevado a cabo en el laboratorio de electrónica de la ETSI de Bilbao y pretende promover el uso de los coches eléctricos y energías renovables.