Zein da NIDCAP programaren eragina jaioberri goiztiarren neurogarapenean epe luzera? Atalez atal aztertua

Jaioberri goiztiarra, haurdunaldiko 37. astea baino lehen jaiotzen den haur heldugabea da. Jaioberri hauen biziraupen tasa azken hamarkadetako aurrerapen medikoei esker (inkubagailuak, farmakoak…) igo da baina bere heldugabetasunaren eraginez jaioberri hauen %23-60ak ezintasunak eta jarrera zein hezkuntza asaldurak pairatzen dituzte. 1970. urtean Heidelise Alsek NIDCAPa, (“Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program���) asmatu zuen, jaioberri bakoitzaren garapenean laguntzeko helburuarekin, beharrezko arreta berezia eta bakoitzarentzako zainketa planean oinarrituz. Helburua: NIDCAP metodoarekin kontaktuan egon ziren jaioberri goiztiarren eragina, epe luzera, nerbio sistemaren garapeneko atal motorea, atal kognitiboa eta neurosentsoriala aztertzean datza. Metodologia: Azterketa bibliografiko hau egiteko, beharrezko informazio bilaketa orokorra egin da helburua finkatzeko. Ondoren, Pubmed datu basean beharrezko irizpideak zehaztuta ikerlanak kritikoki irakurri, ebidentzian oinarrituz 11 hautatu eta landu ostean (guztira 946 jaioberri goiztiar aztertuz) garatu da. Emaitzak eta azterketa: Ikerlanen arabera NIDCAP metodoaren eraginetan egon diren 4, 9 eta 12 hilabeteko haurrek atal motorea garatuagoa duten datuak daude baina 18 eta 24 hilabeteko umeetan aldiz, ez dira ebidentziazko daturik aurkitu NIDCAParen efektu onuragarriei buruz, bere eraginaren efektua luzarora desagertuz. NIDCAP ereduaren erabilerak kognizio atalaren garapenean onurak ekartzen dituen datuak daude 9 hilabeteko haurretan (helburuak zuzentzeko gaitasunean eta arreta mantentzeko gaitasunean) eta 8 urteko haurretan ere (bat-bateko prozesamenduan) baina 12 eta 24 hilabeteko adinarekin, aldiz, ez dira eraginik hauteman. Garapeneko atal neurosentsorialean, ebidentziazko artikulu bakar baten arabera NIDCAParen erabilerak 8 urteko umeen ikusmen eta ahalmen espazialean laguntzen du. Ondorioa: NIDCAP metodoak jaioberri goiztiarretan daukan eragin gomendagarria dauka atal kognitiboan eta ikusmenean, baina oso eragin urria dauka metodo eraginkorra izateko.

Landscape Genetics for the Empirical Assessment of Resistance Surfaces: The European Pine Marten (Martes martes) as a Target-Species of a Regional Ecological Network

Coherent ecological networks (EN) composed of core areas linked by ecological corridors are being developed worldwide with the goal of promoting landscape connectivity and biodiversity conservation. However, empirical assessment of the performance of EN designs is critical to evaluate the utility of these networks to mitigate effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Landscape genetics provides a particularly valuable framework to address the question of functional connectivity by providing a direct means to investigate the effects of landscape structure on gene flow. The goals of this study are (1) to evaluate the landscape features that drive gene flow of an EN target species (European pine marten), and (2) evaluate the optimality of a regional EN design in providing connectivity for this species within the Basque Country (North Spain). Using partial Mantel tests in a reciprocal causal modeling framework we competed 59 alternative models, including isolation by distance and the regional EN. Our analysis indicated that the regional EN was among the most supported resistance models for the pine marten, but was not the best supported model. Gene flow of pine marten in northern Spain is facilitated by natural vegetation, and is resisted by anthropogenic landcover types and roads. Our results suggest that the regional EN design being implemented in the Basque Country will effectively facilitate gene flow of forest dwelling species at regional scale.

Assessment of faculty training program for the use of e-learning platforms: analysis of current use

5th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (Barcelona, Spain. 1-3 July, 2013)

Effects of an emotional intelligence program in variables related to the prevention of violence

In recent decades, numerous studies have shown a significant increase in violence during childhood and adolescence. These data suggest the importance of implementing programs to prevent and reduce violent behavior. The study aimed to design a program of emotional intelligence (El) for adolescents and to assess its effects on variables related to violence prevention. The possible differential effect of the program on both genders was also examined. The sample comprised 148 adolescents aged from 13 to 16 years. The study used an experimental design with repeated pretest-posttest measures and control groups. To measure the variables, four assessment instruments were administered before and after the program, as well as in the follow-up phase (1 year after the conclusion of the intervention). The program consisted of 20 one-hour sessions. The pretest-posttest ANCOVAs showed that the program significantly increased: (1) El (attention, clarity, emotional repair); (2) assertive cognitive social interaction strategies; (3) internal control of anger; and (4) the cognitive ability to analyze negative feelings. In the follow-up phase, the positive effects of the intervention were generally maintained and, moreover, the use of aggressive strategies as an interpersonal conflict-resolution technique was significantly reduced. Regarding the effect of the program on both genders, the change was very similar, but the boys increased assertive social interaction strategies, attention, and emotional clarity significantly more than the girls. The importance of implementing programs to promote socio-emotional development and prevent violence is discussed.

18S rRNA V9 metabarcoding for diet characterization: a critical evaluation with two sympatric zooplanktivorous fish species

The potential of the 18S rRNA V9 metabarcoding approach for diet assessment was explored using MiSeq paired-end (PE; 2 9 150 bp) technology. To critically evaluate the method's performance with degraded/digested DNA, the diets of two zooplanktivorous fish species from the Bay of Biscay, European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and European sprat (Sprattus sprattus), were analysed. The taxonomic resolution and quantitative potential of the 18S V9 metabarcoding was first assessed both in silico and with mock and field plankton samples. Our method was capable of discriminating species within the reference database in a reliable way providing there was at least one variable position in the 18S V9 region. Furthermore, it successfully discriminated diet between both fish species, including habitat and diel differences among sardines, overcoming some of the limitations of traditional visual-based diet analysis methods. The high sensitivity and semi-quantitative nature of the 18S V9 metabarcoding approach was supported by both visual microscopy and qPCR-based results. This molecular approach provides an alternative cost and time effective tool for food-web analysis.