Algas verdes en el picoplancton y nanoplancton del estuario del río Nervión (Golfo de Vizcaya)

332 p. : il., gráf.

Adimen Gaitasun Handiko Haurren Ezaugarriak Antzematea Lehen Hezkuntzan. Ekarpen Didaktikoak

[EUS] Gizartean dauden adimen gaitasun handiko haurrak antzematea ez da erraza. Hori dela eta, ikasle hauen ezaugarriak antzematea izan da lan honen muina. Egile eta teoria ezberdinetan oinarrituta, bi ekarpen didaktiko aurrera eraman dira. Ikasle hauek eta hauen ezaugarriak ezagutzera ematen dituen dokumentala burutu da, non kolektibo honen inguruan sinesten diren mitoak eta uste okerrak desmitifikatzen diren. Lanaren bigarren ekarpena, haurrak identifikatzerako orduan familia eta irakasleentzako lagungarriak izango diren behaketa- tresnen zerrenda izan da, edozein ingurunean egonda ere haur hauek antzematen lagunduko duena.

Towards a standard methodology to evaluate internal cluster validity indices

The evaluation and comparison of internal cluster validity indices is a critical problem in the clustering area. The methodology used in most of the evaluations assumes that the clustering algorithms work correctly. We propose an alternative methodology that does not make this often false assumption. We compared 7 internal cluster validity indices with both methodologies and concluded that the results obtained with the proposed methodology are more representative of the actual capabilities of the compared indices.

El Buen Vivir (Sumak Kawsay), una alternativa para transformar el modelo actual de desarrollo. Un principio facilitador para la Educación Social

[es] La finalidad de esta investigación consiste en dar significado y comprender el enfoque del Buen Vivir como una alternativa al modelo actual de desarrollo. El situar la solidaridad y el pensamiento colectivo en las acciones dirigidas al cambio social, es un reto asumido en esta investigación. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis en profundidad de los principios y teorías que están en la base de este enfoque y, a partir de este, se proponen cinco claves a tener en cuenta en una intervención social, inspiradas en el Sumak Kawsay. Finalmente, se exponen directrices para construir puentes entre el Buen Vivir y la Educación Social, para dotar a la acción comunitaria de una visión holística que se asiente en la concepción del Bien Común.

Ondarroako haurren jariotasuna eta lexikoaren azterketa

[eus] Jakina da eskolan arrakasta izateko hizkuntzaren erabilera aldagai garrantzitsua dela. Hori horrela, lan honetan 4-7 urte bitarteko hamabi neska mutilen jariotasuna eta lexikoaren ezagutza aztertzen dira. Betiere, kontuan izanda haur horien ama hizkuntza ezberdina dela, hots, euskara edota erdara (atzerriko edozein hizkuntza). Helburua herriko hizkera lagunartean (eskolan) bertan gauzatzen dela frogatzea da. Horretarako, haur hauek galdetegi baten bidez elkarrizketatu dira. Jarraian transkribatu eta honen azterketa linguistikoa egin da, jariotasuna eta lexiko aztertuz. Azkenik, konparaketa taulez baliatuz galdetegietako emaitzak aztertu dira eta zenbait haurrek hitz egiterako orduan erakusten duten jariotasuna handitu ahal izateko eskolan lantzeko zenbait proposamen egin dira.

Etymological notes on Aleut (III). With methodological notes on (Eskimo-Aleut) historical linguistics

[EN] The goal of this contribution is twofold: on the one hand, to review two relatively recent contributions in the field of Eskimo-Aleut historical linguistics in which it is proposed that Eskimo-Aleut languages are related genealogically to Wakashan (Holst 2004) and?/or Nostratic (Krougly-Enke 2008). These contributions can be characterized by saying that their authors have taken little care to be diligent and responsible in the application of the comparative method, and that their familiarity with the languages involved is insufficient. Eskimo-Aleut languages belong to a very exclusive group of language families that have been (and still are) used, sometimes compulsively, in the business of so-called “long-range comparisons”. Those carrying out such studies are very often unaware of the most basic facts regarding the philological and linguistic traditions of those languages, as a result of what mountains of very low quality works with almost no-relevancy for the specialist grow every year to the desperation of the scientific community, whose attitude toward them ranges from the most profound indifference to the toughest (and most explicit) critical tone. Since Basque also belongs to this group of “compare-with-everything-you-come- across” languages, it is my intention to provide the Basque readership with a sort of “pedagogical case” to show that little known languages, far from underrepresented in the field, already have a very long tradition in historical and comparative linguistics, i.e. nobody can approach them without previous acquaintance with the materials. Studies dealing with the methodological inappropriateness of the Moscow School’s Nostratic hypothesis or the incorrectness of many of the proposed new taxonomic Amerindian subfamilies (several of them involving the aforementioned Wakashan languages), that is to say, the frameworks on which Krougly-Enke and Holst work, respectively, are plenty (i.a. Campbell 1997: 260-329, Campbell & Poser 2008: 234-96), therefore there is no reason to insist once more on the very same point. This is the reason why I will not discuss per se Eskimo-Aleut–Wakashan or Eskimo-Aleut–Nostratic. On the contrary, I will focus attention upon very concrete aspects of Krougly-Enke and Holst´s proposals, i.e. when they work on “less ambitious” problems, for example, dealing with the minutiae of internal facts or analyzing certain words from the sole perspective of Eskimo-Aleut materials (in other words, those cases in which even they do not invoke the ad hoc help of Nostratic stuff). I will try to explain why some of their proposals are wrong, demonstrate where the problem lies, and fix it if possible. In doing so, I will propose new etymologies in an attempt at showing how we may proceed. The main difference between this and handbook examples lies in the reality of what we are doing: this is a pure etymological exercise from beginning to end. I will try to throw a bit of light on a couple of problematic questions regarding Aleut historical phonology, demonstrating how much work should be done at the lowest level of the Eskimo-Aleut pyramid; it is technically impossible to reach the peak of the pyramid without having completed the base. As far as Aleut is regarded, I will mainly profit not only from the use of the traditional philological analysis of Aleut (and, eventually, of Eskimo) materials, but also of diachronic typology, bringing into discussion what in my opinion seems useful, and in some cases I think decisive, parallels. It is worth noting that this paper makes up yet another part of a series of exploratory works dealing with etymological aspects of the reconstruction of Proto-Eskimo-Aleut, with special emphasis on Aleut (vid. i.a. Alonso de la Fuente 2006/2007, 2008a, 2008b, 2010a), whose main goal is to become the solid basis for an etymological dictionary of the Aleut language, currently in progress.