Structural Integrity of the Contralesional Hemisphere Predicts Cognitive Impairment in Ischemic Stroke at Three Months

After stroke, white matter integrity can be affected both locally and distally to the primary lesion location. It has been shown that tract disruption in mirror's regions of the contralateral hemisphere is associated with degree of functional impairment. Fourteen patients suffering right hemispheric focal stroke (S) and eighteen healthy controls (HC) underwent Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and neuropsychological assessment. The stroke patient group was divided into poor (SP; n = 8) and good (SG; n = 6) cognitive recovery groups according to their cognitive improvement from the acute phase (72 hours after stroke) to the subacute phase (3 months post-stroke). Whole-brain DWI data analysis was performed by computing Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) followed by Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Assessment of effects was obtained computing the correlation of the projections on TBSS skeleton of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Radial Diffusivity (RD) with cognitive test results. Significant decrease of FA was found only in right brain anatomical areas for the S group when compared to the HC group. Analyzed separately, stroke patients with poor cognitive recovery showed additional significant FA decrease in several left hemisphere regions; whereas SG patients showed significant decrease only in the left genu of corpus callosum when compared to the HC. For the SG group, whole brain analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the Semantic Fluency test and the FA in the right hemisphere as well as between the performance in the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and theTrail Making Test-part A and the FA in the left hemisphere. For the SP group, correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the GPT and the FA in the right hemisphere. Palabras clave

Cerebral hemodynamics during graded Valsalva maneuvers

The Valsalva maneuver (VM) produces large and abrupt changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) that challenge cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. We examined the effect of VM intensity on middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cortical oxygenation responses during (phases I-III) and following (phase IV) a VM. Healthy participants (n = 20 mean +/- SD: 27 +/- 7 years) completed 30 and 90% of their maximal VM mouth pressure for 10 s (order randomized) whilst standing. Beat-to-beat MCAv, cerebral oxygenation (NIRS) and MAP across the different phases of the VM are reported as the difference from standing baseline. There were significant interaction (phase * intensity) effects for MCAv, total oxygenation index (TOI) and MAP (all P < 0.01). MCAv decreased during phases II and III (P < 0.01), with the greatest decrease during phase III (-5 +/- 8 and -19 +/- 15 cm.s(-1) for 30 and 90% VM, respectively). This pattern was also evident in TOI (phase III: -1 +/- 1 and -5 +/- 4%, both P < 0.05). Phase IV increased MCAv (22 +/- 15 and 34 +/- 23 cm.s(-1)), MAP (15 +/- 14 and 24 +/- 17 mm Hg) and TOI (5 +/- 6 and 7 +/- 5%) relative to baseline (all P < 0.05). Cerebral autoregulation, indexed, as the % MCAv/%MAP ratio, showed a phase effect only (P < 0.001), with the least regulation during phase IV (2.4 +/- 3.0 and 3.2 +/- 2.9). These data illustrate that an intense VM profoundly affects cerebral hemodynamics, with a reactive hyperemia occurring during phase IV following modest ischemia during phases II and III.

Structural Integrity of the Contralesional Hemisphere Predicts Cognitive Impairment in Ischemic Stroke at Three Months

After stroke, white matter integrity can be affected both locally and distally to the primary lesion location. It has been shown that tract disruption in mirror's regions of the contralateral hemisphere is associated with degree of functional impairment. Fourteen patients suffering right hemispheric focal stroke (S) and eighteen healthy controls (HC) underwent Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and neuropsychological assessment. The stroke patient group was divided into poor (SP; n = 8) and good (SG; n = 6) cognitive recovery groups according to their cognitive improvement from the acute phase (72 hours after stroke) to the subacute phase (3 months post-stroke). Whole-brain DWI data analysis was performed by computing Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) followed by Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Assessment of effects was obtained computing the correlation of the projections on TBSS skeleton of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Radial Diffusivity (RD) with cognitive test results. Significant decrease of FA was found only in right brain anatomical areas for the S group when compared to the HC group. Analyzed separately, stroke patients with poor cognitive recovery showed additional significant FA decrease in several left hemisphere regions; whereas SG patients showed significant decrease only in the left genu of corpus callosum when compared to the HC. For the SG group, whole brain analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the Semantic Fluency test and the FA in the right hemisphere as well as between the performance in the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and theTrail Making Test-part A and the FA in the left hemisphere. For the SP group, correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the GPT and the FA in the right hemisphere.

The Impact of Regulation on Pricing Behavior in the Spanish Electricity Market

In this paper we measure the impact of regulatory measures which affected the Spanish electricity wholesale market in the period 2002-2005. Our approach is based on the fact that regulation changes firms' incentives and therefore their market behavior. In the absence of any regulation firms would choose profit- maximizing prices on their residual demands so that the observed gap between optimal and actual prices provides a measure of the effect of regulation. Our results indicate that regulation has decreased wholesale prices considerably, but became less effective at the end of the sample period which explains the change of regulatory regime introduced in 2006.

Roaming in the Mobile Internet: when coverage sharing agreements call for regulation

Revised: 2006-06

The Metabolic Core and Catalytic Switches Are Fundamental Elements in the Self-Regulation of the Systemic Metabolic Structure of Cells

19 p.

Is the Current Regulation of the VIII Division European Anchovy Optimal?

This paper sets out to assess the workability of the regulation currently in force in the European anchovy fishery of the VIII division. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the institutional regime in the allocation of natural resources. The study uses a bio-economic approach and takes into account the fact that, not only the European Union and the individual countries involved, but also some of the resource users or appropriators intervene in its management. In order to compare the effectiveness of the rules which, at the various levels, have been set up to restrict exploitation of the resource, the anchovy fishery is simulated in two extreme situations: open access and sole ownership. The results obtained by effective management will then be contrasted with those obtained from the maximum and zero profit objectives related with the two above-mentioned scenarios. Thus, if the real data come close to those derived from the sole ownership model it will have to be acknowledged that the rules at present in force are optimal. If, on the other hand, the situation more closely approach the results obtained from the open access model, we will endeavour in our conclusions to provide suggestions for economic policy measures that might improve the situation in the fishery.

Regulation of Energy Metabolism by the Extracytoplasmic Function (ECF) σ Factors of Arcobacter butzleri

11 p.

Structural Basis for Feed-Forward Transcriptional Regulation of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis in Staphylococcus aureus

11 p.

Novel mechanisms for regulation of cell survival and migration by ceramide 1-phosphate

201 p. : gráf.

Estudio de caso: intervención en el área de educación física para avanzar en la inclusión de un alumno con parálisis cerebral

En este trabajo se propone mediante dos sesiones de Educación Física, la inclusión educativa de un alumno con parálisis cerebral mediante actividades y juegos. Previa a esta programación, se destaca la relevancia que tiene la inclusión a nivel social y el eco que está logrando en la comunidad educativa. Centrándonos en su análisis conceptual y haciendo referencia al alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales, se numeran la infinidad de beneficios existentes para todo el grupo. Analizados sus beneficios y teniendo en cuenta las adaptaciones necesarias, se presentan las actividades mencionadas con anterioridad y se resaltan las conclusiones extraídas.

Alteración de lípidos en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Estudio en tejido cerebral humano postmortem mediante MALDI-IMS.

En el presente estudio, se analizó la distribución lipídica de 3 áreas de hipocampo (CA1, subiculum y giro dentado) en muestras cerebrales de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer y se comparó con muestras de sujetos sin patología neurológica. Las muestras de tejido de cerebro humano postmortem de la región de hipocampo, fueron procesadas mediante la técnica MALDI-IMS.

Desarrollo de un prototipo de exoesqueleto básico activado con una señal cerebral.

[ES]En este documento se estudia el desarrollo de una aplicación electrónica para la ayuda a gente con movilidad reducida a través de unos sensores cerebrales que permitan el análisis de la iniciativa de la persona a realizar acciones que de otra manera no podría realizar. El concepto completo consiste en el diseño del sensor que el paciente se colocaría en la cabeza, el tratamiento de la información extraída y la actuación por medio de una solución mecánica, como un conjunto cilindro-pistón para el futuro desarrollo de un sistema de ayuda a la movilidad.

La Educación Física como medio de inclusión para el alumnado con parálisis cerebral.

[ES] El presente trabajo ha estudiado la eficacia de la asignatura de Educación Física dentro del Sistema Educativo Español como método de inclusión para el alumnado con Parálisis Cerebral. Hemos realizado la Fundamentación Teórica sobre la Educación Física y la Parálisis Cerebral y hemos explicado la metodología utilizada hasta ahora en las clases (LOCE 2002 y LOMCE 2014) con el objetivo de lograr la integración de estas personas en las clases de E. Física y en la sociedad. Además, hemos llevado a cabo un caso práctico en el que se asistió a una clase de Educación Física con un paralítico cerebral en el Instituto Valle del Ebro (Tudela, Navarra), con el fin de analizar, tanto la clase impartida por el profesor, como la situación que vivía el alumno dentro de la misma. Los resultados de algunas investigaciones avalan que aún queda mucho camino por recorrer en esta área de intervención, Orta Tierra, J.; Badia Corbella, M.; Mayán, Núñez Mª Teresa entre otros. Por último, hemos propuesto el modelo de intervención metodológica por proyectos (procesos) en la EF de la próxima década, con vistas a su posible utilización con alumnos que presenten este trastorno.

Programa de intervención de actividades acuáticas con personas con parálisis cerebral en aspace de Vitoria -Gasteiz : caso real

[ES] El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es la elaboración de un programa de intervención de actividades acuáticas dirigido a personas con parálisis cerebral en ASPACE de Vitoria-Gasteiz (Álava). Se han diseñado, aplicado y evaluado las actividades en función de los objetivos pretendidos en el programa. Consideramos que su puesta en práctica servirá para favorecer la convivencia entre nuestros participantes del programa. Este programa pretende ser un modelo de acción que puede ser aplicado tanto en el ámbito del ocio y del tiempo libre como en el ámbito educativo, considerados estos estos como elementos favorecedores de su desarrollo