21 resultados para Auditoria fiscal – Colombia

em Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco


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The Financial Crisis has hit particularly hard countries like Ireland or Spain. Procyclical fiscal policy has contributed to a boom-bust cycle that undermined fiscal positions and deepened current account deficits during the boom. We set up an RBC model of a small open economy, following Mendoza (1991), and introduce the effect of fiscal policy decisions that change over the cycle. We calibrate the model on data for Ireland, and simulate the effect of different spending policies in response to supply shocks. Procyclical fiscal policy distorts intertemporal allocation decisions. Temporary spending boosts in booms spur investment, and hence the need for external finance, and so generates very volatile cycles in investment and the current account. This economic instability is also harmful for the steady state level of output. Our model is able to replicate the relation between the degree of cyclicality of fiscal policy, and the volatility of consumption, investment and the current account observed in OECD countries.

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This paper empirically studies the dynamic relationship between monetary and fiscal policies by analyzing the comovements between the Fed funds rate and the primary deficit/output ratio. Simple economic thinking establishes that a negative correlation between Fed rate and deficit arises whenever the two policy authorities share a common stabilization objective. However, when budget balancing concerns lead to a drastic deficit reduction the Fed may reduce the Fed rate in order to smooth the impact of fiscal policy, which results in a positive correlation between these two policy instruments. The empirical results show (i) a significant negative comovement between Fed rate and deficit and (ii) that deficit and output gap Granger-cause the Fed funds rate during the post-Volcker era, but the opposite is not true.

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This paper investigates optimal fiscal policy in a static multisector model. A Ramsey type planner chooses tax rates on each good type as well as spending levels on each good type subject to an exogenous total expenditure constraint and requirements that some minimum amount of spending be undertaken in each sector. It is shown that optimal policy does not equally spend in each sector but instead results in one of the minimum expenditure constraints binding.

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Published as an article in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 2003, vol. 50, issue 6, pages 1311-1331.

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Published as an article in: Topics in Macroeconomics, 2005, vol. 5, issue 1, article 17.

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22 p.

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The use of a contractive fiscal policy in times of crisis and austerity can lead to so many different opinion streams which can be, at the same time, very opposite with each other. The high budget deficit in some economies has forced the eurozone to implement austerity policies, meaning that the debate is now more alive than ever. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of the implementation of a contractive policy during a crisis considering the case of Spain. The positive effects in financial markets were noticed due to the decrease of the risk premium and the payment of interests, and also thanks to the increase of trust towards Spain. This way, the reduction of the Spanish deficit was remarkable but in any case there is still a long path until reaching the limit of 3% of the GDP. Also, in the short run it is possible to see that the consolidation had contractive effects in the economic activity but, in the long run, the debate is among the defenders of the fact that austerity is followed by a growing period and the ones opposing to it due to the drowning effect produced by it.

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Con este Trabajo de Fin de Grado trato de analizar cuál es el comportamiento de las principales variables del mercado laboral colombiano y de la fecundidad a lo largo del tiempo, así como la relación que puede existir entre ellas, para poder ver si se está produciendo o no un comportamiento de retraso en entrada a la maternidad como el que está ocurriendo en España durante los últimos años. Además, tengo en cuenta paralelamente la evolución de algunos indicadores de educación, por la importancia que el capital humano desempeña en ambos ámbitos (mercado laboral y decisiones de fecundidad. Los principales resultados que ha arrojado este análisis son que las mujeres tienen menores tasas de ocupación y de participación que los hombres, pero que su participación se ha incrementado fuertemente desde finales de los 60 (patrón que se sigue mostrando para el periodo analizado). Sin embargo, las tasas de desempleo femeninas son mayores a las de los hombres, siendo los más jóvenes los que menos participan en el mercado laboral. La fecundidad por su lado ha mostrado un claro patrón de descenso a lo largo del tiempo, acentuado en gran parte por la transición demográfica experimentada por el país. Este cambio en la estructura demográfica ha afectado la estructura de la población, produciéndose una disminución en la edad media de la fecundidad, contario a lo que ha sucedido en España. Por último, se ha producido un incremento en el nivel educativo de la población colombiana, pero en especial de las mujeres que presentan mayores niveles que los hombres.

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Encuesta realizada en el marco del proyecto “Implicaciones sociales de las migraciones transnacionales: más allá de las remesas. El caso del sistema migratorio entre países andinos y España”, con referencia CSO2009-08469 (subprograma SOCI). Este proyecto ha sido financiado por el Plan Nacional de I D i (2009-2012) del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación en su convocatoria de ayudas de Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental no orientada.