Factores explicativos de la intención de emprender en la mujer. Aspectos diferenciales en la población universitaria según la variable género

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es arrojar luz sobre los factores que explican la menor intencionalidad en la población femenina para involucrarse en procesos de creación de empresas. Para ello, se ha desarrollado un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que identifica un conjunto de variables que permiten explicar la intención de emprender en la población potencialmente emprendedora. La validación del modelo se ha realizado mediante una encuesta realizada a 1222 estudiantes de 12 titulaciones diferentes de la Universidad de Málaga. La aplicación del modelo a las poblaciones masculina y femenina ha permitido apreciar diferencias significativas en los patrones de comportamiento en función del género, identificando un proceso más complejo y necesitado de apoyo externo en la población femenina con respecto a la masculina.

Fine mapping and functional analysis of the multiple sclerosis risk gene CD6

CD6 has recently been identified and validated as risk gene for multiple sclerosis (MS), based on the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs17824933, located in intron 1. CD6 is a cell surface scavenger receptor involved in T-cell activation and proliferation, as well as in thymocyte differentiation. In this study, we performed a haptag SNP screen of the CD6 gene locus using a total of thirteen tagging SNPs, of which three were non-synonymous SNPs, and replicated the recently reported GWAS SNP rs650258 in a Spanish-Basque collection of 814 controls and 823 cases. Validation of the six most strongly associated SNPs was performed in an independent collection of 2265 MS patients and 2600 healthy controls. We identified association of haplotypes composed of two non-synonymous SNPs [rs11230563 (R225W) and rs2074225 (A257V)] in the 2nd SRCR domain with susceptibility to MS (Pmax(T) permutation=161024). The effect of these haplotypes on CD6 surface expression and cytokine secretion was also tested. The analysis showed significantly different CD6 expression patterns in the distinct cell subsets, i.e. – CD4+ naı¨ve cells, P = 0.0001; CD8+ naı¨ve cells, P,0.0001; CD4+ and CD8+ central memory cells, P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively; and natural killer T (NKT) cells, P = 0.02; with the protective haplotype (RA) showing higher expression of CD6. However, no significant changes were observed in natural killer (NK) cells, effector memory and terminally differentiated effector memory T cells. Our findings reveal that this new MS-associated CD6 risk haplotype significantly modifies expression of CD6 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Prácticas y creencias de la población femenina relacionadas con el climaperio en la UAP Balmaseda

Estudio descriptivo y análisis de practicas y creencias de la población femenina en relación con los acontecimientos de la perimenopausia, menopausia y postmenopausia en la UAP Balmaseda.(Español)

Efecto de la radiación visible sobre la supervivencia de Acinetobacter baumannii sobre soportes inertes

Acinetobacter baumannii es una bacteria de gran importancia clínica debido a las infecciones nosocomiales a las que se asocia. La amenaza que supone en el ámbito hospitalario está directamente relacionada con su capacidad para sobrevivir a condiciones hostiles tales como cambios de temperatura, estrés lumínico y sequedad. En este contexto, se ha estudiado el efecto de la radiación visible sobre poblaciones de A. baumannii (ATCC 19606) mantenidas a temperatura ambiente en medio líquido (condiciones de ayuno) y sobre soporte sólido (condiciones de ayuno y sequedad). Para determinar la posible pérdida de cultivabilidad y la entrada en estado viable no cultivable (VNC), las poblaciones de A. baumannii se inocularon en solución salina estéril o se fijaron a filtros de acetato de celulosa estériles y se incubaron a 20ºC en condiciones de oscuridad (control) o exposición a luz visible. A lo largo de la supervivencia, utilizando microscopía de epifluerescencia, se cuantificaron las células totales, viables y cultivables. Además, se determinó la capacidad de formar biofilms de estas poblaciones. Bajo condiciones de oscuridad, tanto en soportes sólidos como en medio líquido, no se detectó pérdida de cultivabilidad, actividad o integridad celular durante al menos 7 días. Sin embargo, la luz visible tuvo un efecto negativo sobre las poblaciones de A. baumannii expuestas tanto en medio líquido como sobre soporte sólidos. En medio líquido, si bien la radiación luminosa no afectó a la integridad celular, al finalizar el periodo de exposición (7 días) el número de células cultivables descendió 1,5 log y el 27% de la población se encontraba en estado VNC. En condiciones de sequedad, la pérdida de cultivabilidad se detectó ya desde el primer día de exposición, situándose por debajo del límite de detección tras 5 días; la densidad de células viable también disminuyó, de modo que tras 7 días de exposición el 4% de la población era VNC. Además, la capacidad de formar biofilms se vio negativamente afectada a lo largo de la permanencia tanto en luz como en oscuridad. El efecto negativo de la luz fue especialmente relevante en poblaciones mantenidas en soportes sólidos. Bajo condiciones de ayuno, A. baumannii es capaz de persistir durante periodos de tiempo de al menos una semana incluso en ausencia de humedad. Sin embargo, la exposición de radiación luminosa induce la entrada en estado VNC en estas mismas condiciones, siendo este efecto negativo más acusado en condiciones de ayuno y sequedad.

Dextran and protamine-based solid lipid nanoparticles as potential vectors for the treatment of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis

This is a copy of an article published in the Human gene therapy © 2012 copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Human gene therapy is available online at: http://online.liebertpub.com.

El ultimatum de María Jesús

Duración (en horas): Más de 50 horas. Destinatario: Estudiante y Docente

Cannabis use and involuntary admission may mediate long-term adherence in first-episode psychosis patients: a prospective longitudinal study

Background: This study aimed to examine factors associated with treatment adherence in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients followed up over 8 years, especially involuntary first admission and stopping cannabis use. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study of FEP patients collected data on symptoms, adherence, functioning,and substance use. Adherence to treatment was the main outcome variable and was categorized as ‘good’ or ‘bad’. Cannabis use during follow-up was stratified as continued use, stopped use, and never used. Bivariate and logistic regression models identified factors significantly associated with adherence and changes in adherence over the 8-year follow-up period. Results: Of the 98 FEP patients analyzed at baseline, 57.1% had involuntary first admission, 74.4% bad adherence,and 52% cannabis use. Good adherence at baseline was associated with Global Assessment of Functioning score (p = 0.019), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (p = 0.017) and voluntary admission (p < 0.001). Adherence patterns over 8 years included: 43.4% patients always bad, 26.1% always good, 25% improved from bad to good. Among the improved adherence group, 95.7% had involuntary first admission and 38.9% stopped cannabis use. In the subgroup of patients with bad adherence at baseline, involuntary first admission and quitting cannabis use during follow up were associated with improved adherence. Conclusions: The long-term association between treatment adherence and type of first admission and cannabis use in FEP patients suggest targets for intervention to improve clinical outcomes.

New Oncogenic Drivers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of the RNA Binding Protein Hu antigen R

156 p. : graf.

Activación de aldehídos a,b-insaturados mediante aminocatálisis en procesos enantioselectivos. Cicloadiciones (3+2) y reacciones en cascada Michael/Henry

During the research that it is summarized in the present memory, the activation of enals via iminium ion catalysis in different transformations has been studied. Firstly, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between stable azomethine ylides and a,b-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by a chiral imidazolidinone derivative has been optimized. Employing this methodology we have synthesized a large range of densely substituted pyrroloisoquinolines and pyrrolophthalazines with good yields and high values of diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Moreover, a mechanistic study has been carried out based on DFT calculations and experimental data which have allowed us to propose that the (3+2) cycloaddition reaction follows a sequential Michael addition/Mannich cyclization pathway. The formation of the iminium ion as a result of the condensation between the a,b-unsaturated aldehyde and the catalyst plays an essential role, regarding both reactivity and stereoselectivity. On the other hand we have developed a methodology to carry out a cascade Michael/Henry reaction followed by a sequential dehydration. Starting from simple substrates (2-nitromethylacrilates and a,b-unsaturated aldehydes) and employing a prolinol-derivative catalyst a series of quiral nitrocyclohexadienes have been synthesized.

A colorectal cancer genome-wide association study in a Spanish cohort identifies two variants associated with colorectal cancer risk at 1p33 and 8p12

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease of complex aetiology, with much of the expected inherited risk being due to several common low risk variants. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified 20 CRC risk variants. Nevertheless, these have only been able to explain part of the missing heritability. Moreover, these signals have only been inspected in populations of Northern European origin. Results: Thus, we followed the same approach in a Spanish cohort of 881 cases and 667 controls. Sixty-four variants at 24 loci were found to be associated with CRC at p-values <10-5. We therefore evaluated the 24 loci in another Spanish replication cohort (1481 cases and 1850 controls). Two of these SNPs, rs12080929 at 1p33 (P-replication=0.042; P-pooled=5.523x10(-03); OR (CI95%)=0.866(0.782-0.959)) and rs11987193 at 8p12 (P-replication=0.039; P-pooled=6.985x10(-5); OR (CI95%)=0.786(0.705-0.878)) were replicated in the second Phase, although they did not reach genome-wide statistical significance. Conclusions: We have performed the first CRC GWAS in a Southern European population and by these means we were able to identify two new susceptibility variants at 1p33 and 8p12 loci. These two SNPs are located near the SLC5A9 and DUSP4 loci, respectively, which could be good functional candidates for the association signals. We therefore believe that these two markers constitute good candidates for CRC susceptibility loci and should be further evaluated in other larger datasets. Moreover, we highlight that were these two SNPs true susceptibility variants, they would constitute a decrease in the CRC missing heritability fraction.

Determinants of self-reported smoking and misclassification during pregnancy, and analysis of optimal cut-off points for urinary cotinine: a cross-sectional study

10 p.

Evaluation of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin and the Levels of mRNA Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 7, Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor and COX-2 for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

8 p.

Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection ALBAYZIN 2012 evaluation: overview, systems, results, and discussion

Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection (QbE STD) aims at retrieving data from a speech data repository given an acoustic query containing the term of interest as input. Nowadays, it has been receiving much interest due to the high volume of information stored in audio or audiovisual format. QbE STD differs from automatic speech recognition (ASR) and keyword spotting (KWS)/spoken term detection (STD) since ASR is interested in all the terms/words that appear in the speech signal and KWS/STD relies on a textual transcription of the search term to retrieve the speech data. This paper presents the systems submitted to the ALBAYZIN 2012 QbE STD evaluation held as a part of ALBAYZIN 2012 evaluation campaign within the context of the IberSPEECH 2012 Conference(a). The evaluation consists of retrieving the speech files that contain the input queries, indicating their start and end timestamps within the appropriate speech file. Evaluation is conducted on a Spanish spontaneous speech database containing a set of talks from MAVIR workshops(b), which amount at about 7 h of speech in total. We present the database metric systems submitted along with all results and some discussion. Four different research groups took part in the evaluation. Evaluation results show the difficulty of this task and the limited performance indicates there is still a lot of room for improvement. The best result is achieved by a dynamic time warping-based search over Gaussian posteriorgrams/posterior phoneme probabilities. This paper also compares the systems aiming at establishing the best technique dealing with that difficult task and looking for defining promising directions for this relatively novel task.

Surface Expression and Subunit Specific Control of Steady Protein Levels by the Kv7.2 Helix A-B Linker

12 p.

Caracterización de aislamientos atípicos de Candida dubliniensis

241 p. : il., gráf